CISPR 16-4-2:2011
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
CISPR 16-4-2:2011 is a basic EMC publication. It specifies the method of applying Measurement Instrumentation Uncertainty (MIU) when determining compliance with CISPR disturbance limits. The material is also relevant to any EMC test when interpretation of the results and conclusions reached will be impacted by the uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation used during testing. This second edition includes significant technical additions about methods of conducted disturbance measurements on mains and communication ports and about methods of radiated disturbance measurements using a FAR in the ranges of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and of 1 GHz to 18 GHz. The annexes contain the background material used in providing the amount of MIU found in generating the CISPR values shown in the main document and hence provide valuable background material for those needing both initial and further information on MIU and how to take individual uncertainties in the measurement chain into account. The annexes, however, are not intended to be a tutorial or user manual or to be copied when making uncertainty calculations. For that purpose, the references shown in the bibliography, or other widely recognized documents, may be used. Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in the CISPR 16-1 series, while the methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series. Further information and background on CISPR and radio disturbances is given in CISPR 16-3. The other parts of the CISPR 16-4 series contain further information on uncertainties in general, statistics and limit modelling. The contents of the corrigendum of April 2013 have been included in this copy.
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites - Incertitudes de mesure de l'instrumentation
La CISPR 16-4-2:2011 est une publication fondamentale en CEM. Elle spécifie la méthode d'application de l'incertitude de mesure de l'instrumentation (MIU) à la détermination de la conformité aux limites de perturbation du CISPR. Cela s'applique également à tous les essais CEM lorsque l'interprétation des résultats et les conclusions peuvent être influencées par l'incertitude de l'instrumentation de mesure utilisée pendant les essais. Cette deuxième édition constitue une révision technique. Elle inclut les modifications techniques majeures concernant les méthodes de mesure des perturbations conduites via les accès secteur et les accès télécommunication, ainsi que concernant les méthodes de mesure des perturbations rayonnées au moyen d'une FAR, dans la gamme de fréquences de 30 MHz à 1 000 MHz et de 1 GHz à 18 GHz. Les annexes contiennent les éléments de référence utilisés pour fournir la quantité de MIU trouvée dans l'élaboration des valeurs CISPR indiquées dans le document principal, et en conséquence, fournissent également des informations importantes pour ceux qui ont besoin à la fois d'informations initiales et complémentaires sur les MIU et sur la façon de prendre en compte les incertitudes individuelles dans la chaîne de mesure. Toutefois, les annexes ne sont pas destinées à être un modèle didactique ou un manuel d'utilisateur ou encore à être reproduites pour effectuer des calculs d'incertitude. A cet effet, il est possible d'utiliser les références fournies dans la bibliographie ou dans d'autres documents de fiabilité reconnue. Les spécifications des instruments de mesure sont données dans la série CISPR 16-1 et les méthodes de mesure sont couvertes par la série CISPR 16-2. Des informations complémentaires et références contextuelles sur les perturbations CISPR et radioélectriques sont données dans la CISPR 16-3. Les autres parties de la série CISPR 16-4 contiennent des informations complémentaires sur l'incertitude en général, les statistiques et la modélisation des limites. Le contenu du corrigendum d'avril 2013 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.
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CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2011-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l’instrumentation
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CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2011-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l’instrumentation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-525-8
– 2 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Compliance criterion for the MIU . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Compliance assessment . 11
5 Conducted disturbance measurements . 12
5.1 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using an AMN (see
also B.1) . 12
5.2 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using a VP (see also
B.2) . 12
5.3 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using an
AAN (Y-network) (see also B.3) . 13
5.4 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a
CVP (see also B.4) . 14
5.5 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a
CP (see also B.5) . 15
6 Disturbance power measurements (see also C.1) . 15
6.1 Measurand for disturbance power measurements . 15
6.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for disturbance power measurements . 15
6.3 Input quantities to be considered for disturbance power measurements . 16
7 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 16
7.1 Radiated disturbance measurements at an OATS or in a SAC (see also D.1) . 16
7.2 Radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR (see also D.2) . 17
8 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz (see
also E.1) . 18
8.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR (FSOATS) . 18
8.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance measurements . 18
8.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance measurements in a
FAR . 18
Annex A (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1, general information and
cispr
rationale for input quantities common to all measurement methods . 20
Annex B (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1, uncertainty budgets and
cispr
rationale for conducted disturbance measurements . 28
Annex C (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Disturbance power
cispr
measurements . 37
Annex D (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 39
Annex E (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 52
Bibliography . 56
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 3 –
Figure A.1 – Deviation of the QP detector level indication from the signal level at
receiver input for two cases, a sine-wave signal and an impulsive signal (PRF 100 Hz) . 23
Figure A.2 – Deviation of the peak detector level indication from the signal level at
receiver input for two cases, a sine-wave signal and an impulsive signal (PRF 100 Hz) . 24
Figure A.3 – Illustration of system noise figure . 25
Figure D.1 – Effect of antenna directivity without tilting . 47
Figure D.2 – Effect of antenna directivity with optimum tilting . 47
Table 1 – Values of U . 11
cispr
Table B.1 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 150 kHz using a 50
Ω/50 µH + 5 Ω AMN . 28
Table B.2 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
50 Ω/50 µH AMN . 29
Table B.3 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz using a VP . 30
Table B.4 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using an
AAN . 31
Table B.5 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
capacitive voltage probe (CVP) . 32
Table B.6 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz using a CP . 33
Table C.1 – Disturbance power from 30 MHz to 300 MHz . 37
Table D.1 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 200 MHz
using a biconical antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m. 40
Table D.2 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 200 MHz using a
biconical antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 41
Table D.3 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 200 MHz to 1 GHz using
an LPDA antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 42
Table D.4 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 200 MHz to 1 GHz using an
LPDA antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 43
Table D.5 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 30 MHz to 200 MHz using a
biconical antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 44
Table D.6 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 200 MHz to 1 000 MHz using an
LPDA antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 45
Table E.1 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 1 GHz to 6 GHz in a FAR
(FSOATS) at a distance of 3 m . 52
Table E.2 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 6 GHz to 18 GHz in a FAR
(FSOATS) at a distance of 3 m . 53
– 4 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-4-2 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. It constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical additions with respect to the previous
edition:
– Methods of conducted disturbance measurements
• on the mains port using a voltage probe,
• on the telecommunication port using an AAN (ISN),
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 5 –
• on the telecommunication port using a CVP, and
• on the telecommunication port using a current probe.
– Methods of radiated disturbance measurements
• in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz using a FAR, and
• in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz using a FAR.
This publication has the status of a basic EMC standard in accordance with IEC Guide
107:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic
compatibility publications.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CISPR/A/942/FDIS CISPR/A/952/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the CISPR 16 series can be found, under the general title Specification for
radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the corrigendum of April 2013 have been included in this copy.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 6 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
INTRODUCTION
The CISPR 16-4 series, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods – Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling, contains information
related to uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling, and consists of the following five parts:
• Part 4-1: Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests,
• Part 4-2: Measurement instrumentation uncertainty,
• Part 4-3: Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products,
• Part 4-4: Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits for the protection
of radio services, and
• Part 4-5: Conditions for the use of alternative test methods.
For practical reasons, standardized electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests are simplified
representations of possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) scenarios that a product may
encounter in practice. Consequently, in an EMC standard, the measurand, the limit,
measurement instruments, measurement set-up, measurement procedure and measurement
conditions are simplified but are still meaningful (representative). Here meaningful means that
there is a statistical correlation between compliance of the product with a limit, based on a
standardized EMC test using standardized test equipment, and a high probability of actual
EMC of the same product during its life cycle. Part 4-4 provides methods based on statistics
to derive meaningful disturbance limits to protect radio services.
In general, a standardized EMC test should be developed such that reproducible results are
obtained if different parties perform the same test with the same EUT. However, various
uncertainty sources limit the reproducibility of a standardized EMC.
Part 4-1 is a technical report that consists of a collection of informative reports that address
all relevant uncertainty sources that may be encountered during EMC compliance tests.
Typical examples of uncertainty sources are the EUT itself, the measurement instrumentation,
the set-up of the EUT, the test procedures and the environmental conditions.
Part 4-2 describes a specific category of uncertainties, i.e. measurement instrumentation
uncertainties. In this part, examples of MIU budgets are given for most of the CISPR
measurement methods. Also in this part, normative requirements are given on how to apply
the MIU when determining compliance of an EUT with a disturbance limit (i.e. conformity
assessment decision).
Part 4-3 is a technical report that describes the statistical treatment of test results when
compliance tests are performed on samples of mass-produced products. This treatment is
known as the 80 %/80 % rule.
Part 4-4 is a technical report that contains CISPR recommendations for the collation of
statistical data on interference complaints and for the classification of interference sources.
Also, models for the calculation of limits for various modes of interference coupling are given.
Part 4-5 is a technical report describing a method to enable product committees to develop
limits for alternative test methods, using conversions from established limits.
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 7 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16-4 specifies the method of applying Measurement Instrumentation
Uncertainty (MIU) when determining compliance with CISPR disturbance limits. The material
is also relevant to any EMC test when interpretation of the results and conclusions reached
will be impacted by the uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation used during testing.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-4-2 is a basic EMC standard for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with technical committees and product
committees in the evaluation of the applicability of this standard for specific products.
The annexes contain the background material used in providing the amount of MIU found in
generating the CISPR values shown in Clauses 4 through 8 and hence provide valuable
background material for those needing both initial and further information on MIU and how to
take individual uncertainties in the measurement chain into account. The annexes, however,
are not intended to be a tutorial or user manual or to be copied when making uncertainty
calculations. For that purpose, the references shown in the bibliography, or other widely
recognized documents, may be used.
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in the CISPR 16-1 series, while the
methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series. Further information and
background on CISPR and radio disturbances is given in CISPR 16-3. The other parts of the
CISPR 16-4 series contain further information on uncertainties in general, statistics and limit
modelling. See the introduction of this part for more information on the background and on the
content of the CISPR 16-4 series.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 12, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
CISPR 13, Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment – Radio
disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
– 8 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
CISPR 16-1-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-3: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Disturbance power
CISPR 16-1-4, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Measurement
of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-3:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in
standardized EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Statistical considerations in
the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
CISPR 22:2008, Information technology equipment – Radio disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and
ISO/IEC Guide 99, as well as the following apply.
NOTE General terms and definitions used in the expression of uncertainty are contained in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.
General metrology definitions are contained in ISO/IEC Guide 99. Relevant basic definitions are not repeated
here.
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 9 –
3.1.1
measurement instrumentation uncertainty
MIU
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand, induced by all relevant input
quantities that are related to the measurement instrumentation
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Clauses 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 apply, as
well as the following.
3.2.1 General symbols
X
input quantity
i
x estimate of X
i i
δX correction for input quantity
i
u(x ) standard uncertainty of x
i i
c sensitivity coefficient
i
y result of a measurement (the estimate of the measurand), corrected for all
recognised significant systematic effects, in logarithmic units, e.g. dB(µV/m)
u (y) (combined) standard uncertainty of y, in dB
c
U(y) expanded uncertainty of y, in dB
U CISPR criterion for the expanded MIU evaluated in this standard for each specific
cispr
measurement method, in dB
U expanded MIU determined by the test laboratory, in dB
lab
k
coverage factor
+
a upper abscissa of a probability distribution
-
a
lower abscissa of a probability distribution
3.2.2 Symbols for measured quantities
E
disturbance electric field strength, in dB(µV/m)
I
disturbance current, in dB(µA)
P
disturbance power, in dB(pW)
V
disturbance voltage, in dB(µV)
3.2.3 Symbols for input quantities common to all disturbance measurements
a attenuation of the connection between the receiver and the ancillary equipment
c
(e.g. AMN, antenna etc.), in dB
correction for the error caused by mismatch, in dB
δM
V
receiver voltage reading, in dB(µV)
r
correction for receiver sine wave voltage inaccuracy, in dB
δV
sw
δV correction for imperfect receiver pulse amplitude response, in dB
pa
correction for imperfect receiver pulse repetition rate response, in dB
δV
pr
δV correction for the effect of the receiver noise floor, in dB
nf
– 10 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
NOTE Abbreviations not shown here are defined at their first occurrence in this document.
AAN asymmetric artificial network
AE associated equipment (equipment connected to the AE port of the ancillary
equipment; ancillary equipment is a transducer, e.g. an AAN; see definitions in
CISPR 16-2-1)
AF antenna factor
AMN artificial mains network
CP current probe
CVP capacitive voltage probe
EUT equipment under test
FAR fully anechoic room
FSOATS free-space OATS (refer to CISPR16-1-4)
LCL longitudinal conversion loss
LPDA logarithmic periodic (log-periodic) dipole array
MIU measurement instrumentation uncertainty
OATS open area test site
PRF pulse repetition frequency
RF radio frequency
SAC semi-anechoic chamber
S/N signal to noise ratio
VDF voltage division factor
VP voltage probe
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
4 Compliance criterion for the MIU
4.1 General
MIU shall be taken into account, as described in this clause, when determining compliance or
non-compliance of an EUT with a disturbance limit.
The MIU for a test laboratory shall be evaluated for the measurements addressed in
Clauses 5 through 8, taking into consideration each of the input quantities listed there. The
standard uncertainty u(x ) in dB, and the sensitivity coefficient c , shall be evaluated for the
i i
estimate x of each quantity. The combined standard uncertainty u (y) of the estimate y of the
i
c
measurand shall be calculated using
2 2
u ( y)= c u (x )
c ∑ i i
(1)
i
The expanded MIU U for a test laboratory shall be calculated for each type of measurement
lab
using
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 11 –
U = U( y)= 2 u ( y)
(2)
lab c
If U is less than or equal to U in Table 1, then the test report may either state the value
lab cispr
of U or state that U is less than U .
lab lab cispr
If U exceeds U of Table 1, then the test report shall contain the value of U (in dB) for
lab cispr lab
the measurement instrumentation actually used for the measurements.
NOTE Equation (2) means that a coverage factor k = 2 is applied that yields approximately a 95 % level of
confidence for the near-normal distribution typical of most measurement results.
Table 1 – Values of U
cispr
Measurement U Table
cispr
(9 kHz to 150 kHz) 3,8 dB B.1
Conducted disturbance at mains port using AMN
(150 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,4 dB B.2
Conducted disturbance at mains port using voltage probe (9 kHz to 30 MHz) 2,9 dB B.3
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using AAN (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 5,0 dB B.4
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CVP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,9 dB B.5
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 2,9 dB B.6
Disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 4,5 dB C.1
Radiated disturbance
(30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) 6,3 dB D.1 to D.4
(electric field strength at an OATS or in a SAC)
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) 5,3 dB D.5 to D.6
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (1 GHz to 6 GHz) 5,2 dB E.1
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (6 GHz to 18 GHz) 5,5 dB E.2
NOTE 1 The values of U are based on the expanded uncertainties in the annexes that were evaluated by
cispr
considering uncertainties associated with the quantities listed in the measurement-specific subclause. If there
are different values in the annexes, then the value taken as U is the maximum value (e.g. maximum of
cispr
Tables D.1 through D.4).
NOTE 2 In the frequency range below 1 GHz, the values of U were calculated for measurements using the
cispr
quasi-peak detector, assuming that values for the average detector and r.m.s.-average detector would not
exceed these values. Above 1 GHz, the value of U was calculated for measurements using the peak
cispr
detector.
Nothing in this clause supersedes the requirement for measurement instrumentation to comply
with specifications of the CISPR 16-1 series. Also, this clause does not replace the
requirement to comply with CISPR 16-4-3.
4.2 Compliance assessment
Compliance or non-compliance with a disturbance limit shall be determined in the following
manner.
If U is less than or equal to U of Table 1, then:
lab cispr
– compliance is deemed to occur if no measured disturbance level exceeds the disturbance
limit;
– non-compliance is deemed to occur if any measured disturbance level exceeds the
disturbance limit.
– 12 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
If U is greater than U of Table 1, then:
lab cispr
– compliance is deemed to occur if no measured disturbance level, increased by
(U − U ), exceeds the disturbance limit;
lab cispr
– non-compliance is deemed to occur if any measured disturbance level, increased by
(U − U ), exceeds the disturbance limit.
lab cispr
NOTE For the compliance assessment procedure described in this subclause, both the measured disturbance level
and the disturbance limit are expressed in logarithmic units, e.g. dB(μV/m).
5 Conducted disturbance measurements
5.1 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using an AMN
(see also B.1)
5.1.1 Measurand for measurements using an AMN
V
Unsymmetric voltage, in dB(µV), measured at the EUT port of the AMN relative
to the reference ground plane
5.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using an AMN
F Voltage division factor of the AMN, in dB
AMN
δF
Correction for voltage division factor (VDF) frequency interpolation error, in dB
AMNf
Correction for the error caused by mains disturbances, in dB
δD
mains
δV Correction for the effect of the environment, in dB
env
Correction for imperfect AMN impedance, in dB
δZ
AMN
5.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance measurements at a
mains port using an AMN
– Receiver reading
– Attenuation of the connection between AMN and receiver
– AMN voltage division factor
– AMN VDF frequency interpolation
– Receiver related input quantities:
• Receiver sine-wave voltage accuracy
• Receiver pulse amplitude response
• Receiver pulse response variation with repetition frequency
• Receiver noise floor
– Mismatch effects between AMN receiver port and receiver
– AMN impedance
– Effect of mains disturbances
– Effect of environment
5.2 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using a VP
(see also B.2)
5.2.1 Measurand for measurements using a VP
V
Unsymmetric voltage, in dB(µV), measured at the EUT power port – loaded with
an impedance of 1 500 Ω – relative to the reference ground
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 13 –
5.2.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using a VP
F Voltage division factor (VDF) of the voltage probe, in dB
VP
δF Correction for the VDF frequency interpolation error, in dB
VPf
Correction for the error caused by mains disturbances, in dB
δD
mains
δV Correction for the effect of the environment, in dB
env
Correction for imperfect voltage probe impedance, in dB
δZ
VP
δZ Correction for the error caused by the mains impedance when compared with
mains
AMN, in dB
5.2.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance measurements at a
mains port using a VP
– Receiver reading
– Attenuation of the connection between VP and receiver
– VP VDF
– VP VDF frequency interpolation
– Receiver related input quantities:
• Receiver sine-wave voltage accuracy
• Receiver pulse amplitude response
• Receiver pulse response variation with repetition frequency
• Receiver noise floor
– Mismatch effects between VP receiver port and receiver
– VP impedance
– Effect of mains disturbances
– Effect of mains impedance when compared with AMN
– Effect of environment
5.3 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using an AAN
(Y-network) (see also B.3)
NOTE The term “asymmetric artificial network (AAN)” is defined in CISPR 16-1-2. It is referred to as an
impedance stabilization network (ISN) in CISPR 22. The term Y-network differentiates it from V- and Δ-networks.
5.3.1 Measurand for measurements using an AAN
V
Asymmetric (common mode) voltage, in dB(µV), measured at the EUT port of
the AAN referred to the reference ground plane
5.3.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using an AAN
F
Voltage division factor (VDF) of the AAN, in dB
AAN
δF Correction for the VDF frequency interpolation error, in dB
AANf
δD Correction for the error caused by disturbances from the AE, in dB
AE
Correction for the effect of the environment, in dB
δV
env
δa Correction for imperfect longitudinal conversion loss of the AAN, in dB
LCL
Correction for imperfect asymmetric (common mode) impedance of the AAN, in
δZ
AAN
dB
5.3.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance measurements at a
telecommunication port using an AAN
– Receiver reading
– 14 – CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011
– Attenuation of the connection between AAN and receiver
– AAN VDF
– AAN VDF frequency interpolation
– Receiver related input quantities:
• Receiver sine-wave voltage accuracy
• Receiver pulse amplitude response
• Receiver pulse response variation with repetition frequency
• Receiver noise floor
– Mismatch effects between AAN receiver port and receiver
– Asymmetric impedance of the AAN
– Longitudinal conversion loss (LCL) of the AAN
– Effect of disturbances from the AE
– Effect of environment
5.4 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a CVP
(see also B.4)
5.4.1 Measurand for measurements using a CVP
V
Asymmetric (common mode) voltage, in dB(µV), measured at the
telecommunication port referred to the reference ground
5.4.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using a CVP
F
Voltage division factor (VDF) of the CVP, in dB
CVP
δF Correction for the CVP VDF frequency interpolation error, in dB
CVPf
δD Correction for the error caused by disturbances from the AE, in dB
AE
Correction for the effect of the environment, in dB
δV
env
δF Correction for the effect of cable position inside the CVP aperture on the
c pos
voltage division factor, in dB
δF Correction for the effect of cable radius on voltage division factor, in dB
c rad
δZ Correction for imperfect termination of the telecommunication port by the AE, in
AE
dB
δZ Correction for the effect of the CVP load impedance, in dB
CVP
5.4.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance measurements at a
telecommunication port using a CVP
– Receiver reading
– Attenuation of the connection between CVP and receiver
– CVP VDF
– CVP VDF frequency interpolation
– Receiver related input quantities:
• Receiver sine-wave voltage accuracy
• Receiver pulse amplitude response
• Receiver pulse response variation with repetition frequency
• Receiver noise floor
– Effect of cable position inside the CVP aperture on VDF
– Effect of cable radius on VDF
CISPR 16-4-2 IEC:2011 – 15 –
– Effect of disturbances from the AE
– Effect of the AE impedance when compared with AAN
– Mismatch effects between CVP receiver port and receiver
– CVP load impedance
– Effect of environment
5.5 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a CP
(see also B.5)
5.5.1 Measurand for measurements using a CP
I
Asymmetric (common mode) current, in dB(µA), measured on the cable
connected to the telecommunication port of the EUT
5.5.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using a CP
Y Transfer admittance of the CP, in dB(S)
T
δY
Correction for the CP transfer admittance frequency interpolation error, in dB
Tf
Correction for the error caused by disturbances from the AE, in dB
δD
AE
δI Correction for the effect of the environment, in dB
env
Correction for the error caused by the CP insertion impedance, in dB
δZ
CP
δZ Correction for imperfect termination of the telecommunication port by the AE, in
AE
dB
5.5.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance measurements at a
telecommunication port using a CP
– Receiver reading
– Attenuation of the connection between CP and receiver
– Transfer admittance of the CP
– CP transfer admittance frequency interpolation
– Receiver related input quantities:
• Receiver sine-wave voltage accuracy
• Receiver pulse amplitude response
• Receiver pulse response variation with repetition frequency
• Receiver noise floor
– Mismatch effects between CP and receiver
– Effect of the CP insertion impedance
– Effect of disturbances from the AE
–
...
CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.1 2014-02
CONSOLIDATED
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CONSOLIDÉE
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inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l’instrumentation
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CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.1 2014-02
CONSOLIDATED
VERSION
VERSION
CONSOLIDÉE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l’instrumentation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1433-6
CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.1 2014-02
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l’instrumentation
– 2 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.2.1 General symbols . 10
3.2.2 Symbols for measured quantities . 10
3.2.3 Symbols for input quantities common to all disturbance
measurements . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Compliance criterion for the MIU . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Compliance assessment . 12
5 Conducted disturbance measurements . 13
5.1 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using an AMN (see
also B.1) . 13
5.1.1 Measurand for measurements using an AMN . 13
5.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using an AMN . 13
5.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a mains port using an AMN . 13
5.2 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using a VP (see also
B.2) . 14
5.2.1 Measurand for measurements using a VP . 14
5.2.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using a VP . 14
5.2.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a mains port using a VP . 14
5.3 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using an
AAN (Y-network) (see also B.3) . 14
5.3.1 Measurand for measurements using an AAN . 14
5.3.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using an AAN . 14
5.3.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a telecommunication port using an AAN . 14
5.4 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a
CVP (see also B.4) . 15
5.4.1 Measurand for measurements using a CVP . 15
5.4.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using a CVP . 15
5.4.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a telecommunication port using a CVP . 15
5.5 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a
CP (see also B.5) . 16
5.5.1 Measurand for measurements using a CP . 16
5.5.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using a CP . 16
5.5.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a telecommunication port using a CP . 16
5.6 Conducted disturbance measurements using a CDNE (see also B.7) . 17
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
5.6.1 Measurand for measurements using a CDNE . 17
5.6.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to CDNE measurements . 17
5.6.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a mains port using a CDNE . 17
6 Disturbance power measurements (see also C.1) . 17
6.1 Measurand for disturbance power measurements . 17
6.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for disturbance power measurements . 17
6.3 Input quantities to be considered for disturbance power measurements . 17
7 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 18
7.1 Radiated disturbance measurements at an OATS or in a SAC (see also D.1) . 18
7.1.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements at an OATS or in
a SAC . 18
7.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance
measurements . 18
7.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance
measurements at an OATS or in a SAC . 18
7.2 Radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR (see also D.2) . 19
7.2.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR . 19
7.2.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance
measurements . 19
7.2.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance
measurements in a FAR . 19
8 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz (see
also E.1) . 20
8.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR (FSOATS) . 20
8.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance measurements . 20
8.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance measurements in a
FAR . 20
Annex A (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1, general information and
cispr
rationale for input quantities common to all measurement methods . 22
Annex B (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1, uncertainty budgets and
cispr
rationale for conducted disturbance measurements . 30
Annex C (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Disturbance power
cispr
measurements . 41
Annex D (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 43
Annex E (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 56
Bibliography . 60
Figure A.1 – Deviation of the QP detector level indication from the signal level at
receiver input for two cases, a sine-wave signal and an impulsive signal (PRF 100 Hz) . 25
Figure A.2 – Deviation of the peak detector level indication from the signal level at
receiver input for two cases, a sine-wave signal and an impulsive signal (PRF 100 Hz) . 26
Figure A.3 – Illustration of system noise figure . 27
Figure D.1 – Effect of antenna directivity without tilting . 51
Figure D.2 – Effect of antenna directivity with optimum tilting . 51
Table 1 – Values of U . 12
cispr
– 4 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
Table B.1 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 150 kHz using a 50
/50 H + 5 AMN . 30
Table B.2 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
50 /50 H AMN . 31
Table B.3 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz using a VP . 32
Table B.4 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using an
AAN . 33
Table B.5 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
capacitive voltage probe (CVP) . 34
Table B.6 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz using a CP . 35
Table B.7 – Uncertainty budget for conducted disturbance measurements from 30 MHz
to 300 MHz . 39
Table C.1 – Disturbance power from 30 MHz to 300 MHz . 41
Table D.1 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 200 MHz
using a biconical antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 44
Table D.2 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 200 MHz using a
biconical antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 45
Table D.3 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 200 MHz to 1 GHz using
an LPDA antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 46
Table D.4 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 200 MHz to 1 GHz using an
LPDA antenna at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 47
Table D.5 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 30 MHz to 200 MHz using a
biconical antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 48
Table D.6 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 200 MHz to 1 000 MHz using an
LPDA antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 49
Table E.1 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 1 GHz to 6 GHz in a FAR
(FSOATS) at a distance of 3 m . 56
Table E.2 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 6 GHz to 18 GHz in a FAR
(FSOATS) at a distance of 3 m . 57
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
FOREWORD
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This Consolidated version of CISPR 16-4-2 bears the edition number 2.1. It consists of
the second edition (2011-06) [documents CISPR/A/942/FDIS and CISPR/A/952/RVD] and
its amendment 1 (2014-02) [documents CISPR/A/1049/FDIS and CISPR/A/1058/RVD]. The
technical content is identical to the base edition and its amendment.
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
is modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with
deletions being struck through. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is
available in this publication.
This publication has been prepared for user convenience.
– 6 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
International Standard CISPR 16-4-2 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This edition includes the following significant technical additions with respect to the previous
edition:
– Methods of conducted disturbance measurements
• on the mains port using a voltage probe,
• on the telecommunication port using an AAN (ISN),
• on the telecommunication port using a CVP, and
• on the telecommunication port using a current probe.
– Methods of radiated disturbance measurements
• in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz using a FAR, and
• in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz using a FAR.
This publication has the status of a basic EMC standard in accordance with IEC Guide
107:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic
compatibility publications.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the CISPR 16 series can be found, under the general title Specification for
radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the corrigendum of April 2013 have been included in this copy.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
The CISPR 16-4 series, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods – Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling, contains information
related to uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling, and consists of the following five parts:
• Part 4-1: Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests,
• Part 4-2: Measurement instrumentation uncertainty,
• Part 4-3: Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products,
• Part 4-4: Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits for the protection
of radio services, and
• Part 4-5: Conditions for the use of alternative test methods.
For practical reasons, standardized electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests are simplified
representations of possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) scenarios that a product may
encounter in practice. Consequently, in an EMC standard, the measurand, the limit,
measurement instruments, measurement set-up, measurement procedure and measurement
conditions are simplified but are still meaningful (representative). Here meaningful means that
there is a statistical correlation between compliance of the product with a limit, based on a
standardized EMC test using standardized test equipment, and a high probability of actual
EMC of the same product during its life cycle. Part 4-4 provides methods based on statistics
to derive meaningful disturbance limits to protect radio services.
In general, a standardized EMC test should be developed such that reproducible results are
obtained if different parties perform the same test with the same EUT. However, various
uncertainty sources limit the reproducibility of a standardized EMC.
Part 4-1 is a technical report that consists of a collection of informative reports that address
all relevant uncertainty sources that may be encountered during EMC compliance tests.
Typical examples of uncertainty sources are the EUT itself, the measurement instrumentation,
the set-up of the EUT, the test procedures and the environmental conditions.
Part 4-2 describes a specific category of uncertainties, i.e. measurement instrumentation
uncertainties. In this part, examples of MIU budgets are given for most of the CISPR
measurement methods. Also in this part, normative requirements are given on how to apply
the MIU when determining compliance of an EUT with a disturbance limit (i.e. conformity
assessment decision).
Part 4-3 is a technical report that describes the statistical treatment of test results when
compliance tests are performed on samples of mass-produced products. This treatment is
known as the 80 %/80 % rule.
Part 4-4 is a technical report that contains CISPR recommendations for the collation of
statistical data on interference complaints and for the classification of interference sources.
Also, models for the calculation of limits for various modes of interference coupling are given.
Part 4-5 is a technical report describing a method to enable product committees to develop
limits for alternative test methods, using conversions from established limits.
– 8 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16-4 specifies the method of applying Measurement Instrumentation
Uncertainty (MIU) when determining compliance with CISPR disturbance limits. The material
is also relevant to any EMC test when interpretation of the results and conclusions reached
will be impacted by the uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation used during testing.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-4-2 is a basic EMC standard for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with technical committees and product
committees in the evaluation of the applicability of this standard for specific products.
The annexes contain the background material used in providing the amount of MIU found in
generating the CISPR values shown in Clauses 4 through 8 and hence provide valuable
background material for those needing both initial and further information on MIU and how to
take individual uncertainties in the measurement chain into account. The annexes, however,
are not intended to be a tutorial or user manual or to be copied when making uncertainty
calculations. For that purpose, the references shown in the bibliography, or other widely
recognized documents, may be used.
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in the CISPR 16-1 series, while the
methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series. Further information and
background on CISPR and radio disturbances is given in CISPR 16-3. The other parts of the
CISPR 16-4 series contain further information on uncertainties in general, statistics and limit
modelling. See the introduction of this part for more information on the background and on the
content of the CISPR 16-4 series.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 12, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
CISPR 13, Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment – Radio
disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
CISPR 16-1-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-3: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Disturbance power
CISPR 16-1-4, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Measurement
of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-3:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in
standardized EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Statistical considerations in
the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
CISPR 22:2008, Information technology equipment – Radio disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and
ISO/IEC Guide 99, as well as the following apply.
NOTE General terms and definitions used in the expression of uncertainty are contained in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.
General metrology definitions are contained in ISO/IEC Guide 99. Relevant basic definitions are not repeated
here.
– 10 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
3.1.1
measurement instrumentation uncertainty
MIU
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand, induced by all relevant input
quantities that are related to the measurement instrumentation
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Clauses 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 apply, as
well as the following.
3.2.1 General symbols
X
input quantity
i
x estimate of X
i i
δX correction for input quantity
i
u(x ) standard uncertainty of x
i i
c sensitivity coefficient
i
y result of a measurement (the estimate of the measurand), corrected for all
recognised significant systematic effects, in logarithmic units, e.g. dB(µV/m)
u (y) (combined) standard uncertainty of y, in dB
c
U(y) expanded uncertainty of y, in dB
U CISPR criterion for the expanded MIU evaluated in this standard for each specific
cispr
measurement method, in dB
U expanded MIU determined by the test laboratory, in dB
lab
k
coverage factor
+
a upper abscissa of a probability distribution
-
a
lower abscissa of a probability distribution
3.2.2 Symbols for measured quantities
E
disturbance electric field strength, in dB(µV/m)
I
disturbance current, in dB(µA)
P
disturbance power, in dB(pW)
V
disturbance voltage, in dB(µV)
3.2.3 Symbols for input quantities common to all disturbance measurements
a attenuation of the connection between the receiver and the ancillary equipment
c
(e.g. AMN, antenna etc.), in dB
correction for the error caused by mismatch, in dB
δM
V
receiver voltage reading, in dB(µV)
r
correction for receiver sine wave voltage inaccuracy, in dB
δV
sw
δV correction for imperfect receiver pulse amplitude response, in dB
pa
correction for imperfect receiver pulse repetition rate response, in dB
δV
pr
δV correction for the effect of the receiver noise floor, in dB
nf
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
NOTE Abbreviations not shown here are defined at their first occurrence in this document.
AAN asymmetric artificial network
AE associated equipment (equipment connected to the AE port of the ancillary
equipment; ancillary equipment is a transducer, e.g. an AAN; see definitions in
CISPR 16-2-1)
AF antenna factor
AMN artificial mains network
CDNE coupling decoupling network for emission measurement
CP current probe
CVP capacitive voltage probe
EUT equipment under test
FAR fully anechoic room
FSOATS free-space OATS (refer to CISPR16-1-4)
LCL longitudinal conversion loss
LPDA logarithmic periodic (log-periodic) dipole array
MIU measurement instrumentation uncertainty
OATS open area test site
PRF pulse repetition frequency
RF radio frequency
SAC semi-anechoic chamber
S/N signal to noise ratio
VDF voltage division factor
VP voltage probe
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
4 Compliance criterion for the MIU
4.1 General
MIU shall be taken into account, as described in this clause, when determining compliance or
non-compliance of an EUT with a disturbance limit.
The MIU for a test laboratory shall be evaluated for the measurements addressed in
Clauses 5 through 8, taking into consideration each of the input quantities listed there. The
standard uncertainty u(x ) in dB, and the sensitivity coefficient c , shall be evaluated for the
i i
estimate x of each quantity. The combined standard uncertainty u (y) of the estimate y of the
i
c
measurand shall be calculated using
2 2
u ( y) = c u (x )
c ∑ i i
(1)
i
– 12 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
The expanded MIU U for a test laboratory shall be calculated for each type of measurement
lab
using
U = U( y) = 2 u ( y)
(2)
lab c
If U is less than or equal to U in Table 1, then the test report may either state the value
lab cispr
of U or state that U is less than U .
lab lab cispr
If U exceeds U of Table 1, then the test report shall contain the value of U (in dB) for
lab cispr lab
the measurement instrumentation actually used for the measurements.
NOTE Equation (2) means that a coverage factor k = 2 is applied that yields approximately a 95 % level of
confidence for the near-normal distribution typical of most measurement results.
Table 1 – Values of U
cispr
Measurement U Table
cispr
(9 kHz to 150 kHz) 3,8 dB B.1
Conducted disturbance at mains port using AMN
(150 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,4 dB B.2
Conducted disturbance at mains port using voltage probe (9 kHz to 30 MHz) 2,9 dB B.3
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using AAN (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 5,0 dB B.4
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CVP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,9 dB B.5
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 2,9 dB B.6
Disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 4,5 dB C.1
Radiated disturbance
(30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) 6,3 dB D.1 to D.4
(electric field strength at an OATS or in a SAC)
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) 5,3 dB D.5 to D.6
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (1 GHz to 6 GHz) 5,2 dB E.1
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (6 GHz to 18 GHz) 5,5 dB E.2
Conducted disturbance at mains port using CDNE (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 3,8 dB B.7
NOTE 1 The values of U are based on the expanded uncertainties in the annexes that were evaluated by
cispr
considering uncertainties associated with the quantities listed in the measurement-specific subclause. If there
are different values in the annexes, then the value taken as U is the maximum value (e.g. maximum of
cispr
Tables D.1 through D.4).
NOTE 2 In the frequency range below 1 GHz, the values of U were calculated for measurements using the
cispr
quasi-peak detector, assuming that values for the average detector and r.m.s.-average detector would not
exceed these values. Above 1 GHz, the value of U was calculated for measurements using the peak
cispr
detector.
Nothing in this clause supersedes the requirement for measurement instrumentation to comply
with specifications of the CISPR 16-1 series. Also, this clause does not replace the
requirement to comply with CISPR 16-4-3.
4.2 Compliance assessment
Compliance or non-compliance with a disturbance limit shall be determined in the following
manner.
If U is less than or equal to U of Table 1, then:
lab cispr
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
– compliance is deemed to occur if no measured disturbance level exceeds the disturbance
limit;
– non-compliance is deemed to occur if any measured disturbance level exceeds the
disturbance limit.
If U is greater than U of Table 1, then:
lab cispr
– compliance is deemed to occur if no measured disturbance level, increased by
(U − U ), exceeds the disturbance limit;
lab cispr
– non-compliance is deemed to occur if any measured disturbance level, increased by
(U − U ), exceeds the disturbance limit.
lab cispr
NOTE For the compliance assessment procedure described in this subclause, both the measured disturbance level
and the disturbance limit are expressed in logarithmic units, e.g. dB(μV/m).
5 Conducted disturbance measurements
5.1 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using an AMN
(see also B.1)
5.1.1 Measurand for measurements using an AMN
V
Unsymmetric voltage, in dB(µV), measured at the EUT port of the AMN relative
to the reference ground plane
5.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using an AMN
F Voltage division factor of the AMN, in dB
AMN
δF
Correction for voltage division factor (VDF) frequency interpolation error, in dB
AMNf
Correction for the error caused by mains disturbances, in dB
δD
mains
δV Correction for the effect of the environment, in dB
env
Correction for imperfect AMN impedance, in dB
δZ
AMN
5.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance measurements at a
mains port using an AMN
– Receiver reading
– Attenuation of the connection between AMN and receiver
– AMN voltage division factor
– AMN VDF frequency interpolation
– Receiver related input quantities:
• Receiver sine-wave voltage accuracy
• Receiver pulse amplitude response
...
CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.2 2018-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBTIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l'instrumentation
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CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.2 2018-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS
RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l'instrumentation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-5950-4
CISPR 16-4-2 ®
Edition 2.2 2018-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainty
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 4-2: Incertitudes, statistiques et modélisation des limites – Incertitudes de
mesure de l'instrumentation
– 2 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms and definitions . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.2.1 General symbols . 11
3.2.2 Symbols for measured quantities . 11
3.2.3 Symbols for input quantities common to all disturbance
measurements . 12
3.3 Abbreviations . 12
4 Compliance criterion for the MIU . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 Compliance assessment . 14
5 Conducted disturbance measurements . 15
5.1 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using an V-AMN (see
also B.1) . 15
5.1.1 Measurand for measurements using an V-AMN . 15
5.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using
an V-AMN . 15
5.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a mains port using an V-AMN . 15
5.2 Conducted disturbance measurements at a mains port using a VP (see also
B.2) . 15
5.2.1 Measurand for measurements using a VP . 15
5.2.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using a VP . 16
5.2.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a mains port using a VP . 16
5.3 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using an
AAN (Y-network) (see also B.3) . 16
5.3.1 Measurand for measurements using an AAN . 16
5.3.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using an AAN . 16
5.3.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a telecommunication port using an AAN . 16
5.4 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a
CVP (see also B.4) . 17
5.4.1 Measurand for measurements using a CVP . 17
5.4.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using a CVP . 17
5.4.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a telecommunication port using a CVP . 17
5.5 Conducted disturbance measurements at a telecommunication port using a
CP (see also B.5) . 18
5.5.1 Measurand for measurements using a CP . 18
5.5.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for measurements using a CP . 18
5.5.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a telecommunication port using a CP . 18
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
5.6 Conducted disturbance measurements using a CDNE (see also B.7) . 18
5.6.1 Measurand for measurements using a CDNE . 18
5.6.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to CDNE measurements. 18
5.6.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at a mains port using a CDNE . 19
5.7 Conducted disturbance measurements at AC mains and other power ports
using a Δ-AN . 19
5.7.1 Measurand for measurements using a Δ-AN . 19
5.7.2 Symbols of input quantities specific to measurements using a Δ-AN . 19
5.7.3 Input quantities to be considered for conducted disturbance
measurements at AC mains and other power ports using a Δ-AN . 19
6 Disturbance power measurements (see also C.1) . 20
6.1 Measurand for disturbance power measurements . 20
6.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for disturbance power measurements. 20
6.3 Input quantities to be considered for disturbance power measurements . 20
7 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 20
7.1 Radiated disturbance measurements at an OATS or in a SAC (see also D.1) . 20
7.1.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements at an OATS or in
a SAC . 20
7.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance
measurements . 21
7.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance
measurements at an OATS or in a SAC . 21
7.2 Radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR (see also D.2) . 21
7.2.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR . 21
7.2.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance
measurements . 22
7.2.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance
measurements in a FAR . 22
8 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz (see
also E.1) . 22
8.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements in a FAR (FSOATS) . 22
8.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for radiated disturbance measurements . 23
8.3 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance measurements in a
FAR. 23
9 Radiated disturbance measurements in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 23
9.1 Magnetic field disturbance measurements using the LLAS in the frequency
range 9 kHz to 30 MHz (see also Clause F.1) . 23
9.1.1 Measurand for LLAS measurements . 23
9.1.2 Symbols of input quantities specific for LLAS measurements . 23
9.1.3 Input quantities to be considered for LLAS measurements . 24
9.2 Magnetic field disturbance measurement in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30
MHz using a loop antenna at various distances from the EUT . 24
Annex A (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1, general information and
cispr
rationale for input quantities common to all measurement methods . 25
Annex B (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1, uncertainty budgets and
cispr
rationale for conducted disturbance measurements . 33
Annex C (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Disturbance power
cispr
measurements . 46
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+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
Annex D (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 48
Annex E (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 66
Annex F (informative) Basis for U values in Table 1 – Radiated disturbance
cispr
measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz (LLAS) . 70
Bibliography. 72
Figure A.1 – Deviation of the QP detector level indication from the signal level at
receiver input for two cases, a sine-wave signal and an impulsive signal (PRF 100 Hz) . 28
Figure A.2 – Deviation of the peak detector level indication from the signal level at
receiver input for two cases, a sine-wave signal and an impulsive signal (PRF 100 Hz) . 29
Figure A.3 – Illustration of system noise figure. 30
Figure D.1 – Effect of antenna directivity without tilting . 58
Figure D.2 – Effect of antenna directivity with optimum tilting . 58
Table 1 – Values of U . 14
cispr
Table B.1 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 150 kHz using a 50
Ω/50 µH + 5 Ω V-AMN . 33
Table B.2 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
50 Ω/50 µH V-AMN . 34
Table B.3 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz using a VP . 35
Table B.4 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using an
AAN . 36
Table B.5 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
capacitive voltage probe (CVP) . 37
Table B.6 – Conducted disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz using a CP . 38
Table B.7 − Uncertainty budget for conducted disturbance measurements from 30 MHz
to 300 MHz . 42
Table B.8 − Conducted disturbances measurements from 150 kHz to 30 MHz using a
150 Ω Δ-AN . 44
Table C.1 – Disturbance power from 30 MHz to 300 MHz . 46
Table D.1 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 200 MHz
using a biconical antenna at an OATS/SAC at a distance of 3 m, 10 m or 30 m . 49
Table D.2 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 200 MHz using a
biconical antenna at an OATS/SAC at a distance of 3 m, 10 m or 30 m . 50
Table D.3 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 200 MHz to 1 GHz using
an LPDA antenna at an OATS/SAC at a distance of 3 m, 10 m or 30 m . 51
Table D.4 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 200 MHz to 1 GHz using an
LPDA antenna at an OATS/SAC at a distance of 3 m, 10 m or 30 m . 53
Table D.5 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 30 MHz to 200 MHz using a
biconical antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 55
Table D.6 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 200 MHz to 1 000 MHz using an
LPDA antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 56
Table D.7 – Horizontally polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
using a hybrid antenna at an OATS/SAC at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 63
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
Table D.8 – Vertically polarized radiated disturbances from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
using a hybrid antenna at an OATS/SAC at a distance of 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m . 64
Table D.9 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz using a
hybrid antenna in a FAR at a distance of 3 m . 65
Table E.1 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 1 GHz to 6 GHz in a FAR
(FSOATS) at a distance of 3 m . 66
Table E.2 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 6 GHz to 18 GHz in a FAR
(FSOATS) at a distance of 3 m . 67
Table F.1 – Radiated disturbance measurements from 9 kHz to 30 MHz in a LLAS of
any diameter . 70
– 6 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendments has been prepared
for user convenience.
CISPR 16-4-2 edition 2.2 contains the second edition (2011-06) [documents CISPR/A/942/FDIS
and CISPR/A/952/RVD] and its corrigendum (2013-04), its amendment 1 (2014-02) [documents
CISPR/A/1049/FDIS and CISPR/A/1058/RVD], and its amendment 2 (2018-08) [documents CISPR/
A/1257/FDIS and CISPR/A/1259/RVD] and its corrigendum (2019-01).
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red
text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.
+AMD2:2018 CSV © IEC 2018
International Standard CISPR 16-4-2 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This edition includes the following significant technical additions with respect to the previous
edition:
– Methods of conducted disturbance measurements
• on the mains port using a voltage probe,
• on the telecommunication port using an AAN (ISN),
• on the telecommunication port using a CVP, and
• on the telecommunication port using a current probe.
– Methods of radiated disturbance measurements
• in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz using a FAR, and
• in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz using a FAR.
This publication has the status of a basic EMC standard in accordance with IEC Guide
107:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic
compatibility publications.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the CISPR 16 series can be found, under the general title Specification for
radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the corrigendum of January 2019 have been included in this copy.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 8 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
INTRODUCTION
The CISPR 16-4 series, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods – Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling, contains information
related to uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling, and consists of the following five parts:
• Part 4-1: Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests,
• Part 4-2: Measurement instrumentation uncertainty,
• Part 4-3: Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products,
• Part 4-4: Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits for the protection
of radio services, and
• Part 4-5: Conditions for the use of alternative test methods.
For practical reasons, standardized electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests are simplified
representations of possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) scenarios that a product may
encounter in practice. Consequently, in an EMC standard, the measurand, the limit,
measurement instruments, measurement set-up, measurement procedure and measurement
conditions are simplified but are still meaningful (representative). Here meaningful means that
there is a statistical correlation between compliance of the product with a limit, based on a
standardized EMC test using standardized test equipment, and a high probability of actual
EMC of the same product during its life cycle. Part 4-4 provides methods based on statistics
to derive meaningful disturbance limits to protect radio services.
In general, a standardized EMC test should be developed such that reproducible results are
obtained if different parties perform the same test with the same EUT. However, various
uncertainty sources limit the reproducibility of a standardized EMC.
Part 4-1 is a technical report that consists of a collection of informative reports that address
all relevant uncertainty sources that may be encountered during EMC compliance tests.
Typical examples of uncertainty sources are the EUT itself, the measurement instrumentation,
the set-up of the EUT, the test procedures and the environmental conditions.
Part 4-2 describes a specific category of uncertainties, i.e. measurement instrumentation
uncertainties. In this part, examples of MIU budgets are given for most of the CISPR
measurement methods. Also in this part, normative requirements are given on how to apply
the MIU when determining compliance of an EUT with a disturbance limit (i.e. conformity
assessment decision).
Part 4-3 is a technical report that describes the statistical treatment of test results when
compliance tests are performed on samples of mass-produced products. This treatment is
known as the 80 %/80 % rule.
Part 4-4 is a technical report that contains CISPR recommendations for the collation of
statistical data on interference complaints and for the classification of interference sources.
Also, models for the calculation of limits for various modes of interference coupling are given.
Part 4-5 is a technical report describing a method to enable product committees to develop
limits for alternative test methods, using conversions from established limits.
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16-4 specifies the method of applying Measurement Instrumentation
Uncertainty (MIU) when determining compliance with CISPR disturbance limits. The material
is also relevant to any EMC test when interpretation of the results and conclusions reached
will be impacted by the uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation used during testing.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-4-2 is a basic EMC standard for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with technical committees and product
committees in the evaluation of the applicability of this standard for specific products.
The annexes contain the background material used in providing the amount of MIU found in
generating the CISPR values shown in Clauses 4 through 8 and hence provide valuable
background material for those needing both initial and further information on MIU and how to
take individual uncertainties in the measurement chain into account. The annexes, however,
are not intended to be a tutorial or user manual or to be copied when making uncertainty
calculations. For that purpose, the references shown in the bibliography, or other widely
recognized documents, may be used.
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in the CISPR 16-1 series, while the
methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series. Further information and
background on CISPR and radio disturbances is given in CISPR 16-3. The other parts of the
CISPR 16-4 series contain further information on uncertainties in general, statistics and limit
modelling. See the introduction of this part for more information on the background and on the
content of the CISPR 16-4 series.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 12, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
CISPR 13, Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment – Radio
disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
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CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
CISPR 16-1-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-3: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Disturbance power
CISPR 16-1-4, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Measurement
of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-3:2010 2016, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Radiated disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in
standardized EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Statistical considerations in
the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
CISPR 22:2008, Information technology equipment – Radio disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and
ISO/IEC Guide 99, as well as the following apply.
NOTE General terms and definitions used in the expression of uncertainty are contained in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.
General metrology definitions are contained in ISO/IEC Guide 99. Relevant basic definitions are not repeated
here.
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
3.1.1
measurement instrumentation uncertainty
MIU
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand, induced by all relevant input
quantities that are related to the measurement instrumentation
3.1.2
small EUT
equipment, either positioned on a table top or standing on the floor that, including its cables,
fits in a cylindrical test volume of 1,5 m in diameter and 1,5 m in height measured from the
floor
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Clauses 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 apply, as
well as the following.
3.2.1 General symbols
X input quantity
i
x estimate of X
i i
correction for input quantity
δX
i
u(x ) standard uncertainty of x
i i
c
sensitivity coefficient
i
y result of a measurement (the estimate of the measurand), corrected for all
recognised significant systematic effects, in logarithmic units, e.g. dB(µV/m)
u (y) (combined) standard uncertainty of y, in dB
c
U(y) expanded uncertainty of y, in dB
U CISPR criterion for the expanded MIU evaluated in this standard for each specific
cispr
measurement method, in dB
U expanded MIU determined by the test laboratory, in dB
lab
k coverage factor
+
a upper abscissa of a probability distribution
-
a lower abscissa of a probability distribution
3.2.2 Symbols for measured quantities
E disturbance electric field strength, in dB(µV/m)
I
disturbance current, in dB(µA)
P disturbance power, in dB(pW)
V disturbance voltage, in dB(µV)
– 12 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
3.2.3 Symbols for input quantities common to all disturbance measurements
a attenuation of the connection between the receiver and the ancillary equipment
c
(e.g. AMN, antenna etc.), in dB
correction for the error caused by mismatch, in dB
δM
V
receiver voltage reading, in dB(µV)
r
correction for receiver sine wave voltage inaccuracy, in dB
δV
sw
δV correction for imperfect receiver pulse amplitude response, in dB
pa
correction for imperfect receiver pulse repetition rate response, in dB
δV
pr
δV correction for the effect of the receiver noise floor, in dB
nf
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
NOTE Abbreviations not shown here are defined at their first occurrence in this document.
AAN asymmetric artificial network
AE associated equipment (equipment connected to the AE port of the ancillary
equipment; ancillary equipment is a transducer, e.g. an AAN; see definitions in
CISPR 16-2-1)
AF antenna factor
AMN artificial mains network
AN artificial network
CDNE coupling decoupling network for emission measurement
CP current probe
CVP capacitive voltage probe
EUT equipment under test
FAR fully anechoic room
FSOATS free-space OATS (refer to CISPR16-1-4)
LCL longitudinal conversion loss
LLAS large loop antenna system
LPDA logarithmic periodic (log-periodic) dipole array
LV low voltage
MIU measurement instrumentation uncertainty
OATS open area test site
PRF pulse repetition frequency
RF radio frequency
SAC semi-anechoic chamber
S/N signal to noise ratio
VDF voltage division factor
VP voltage probe
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
V-AMN artificial mains V-network
Δ-AN artificial Δ-network (‘Δ’ is pronounced ‘delta’)
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
4 Compliance criterion for the MIU
4.1 General
MIU shall be taken into account, as described in this clause, when determining compliance or
non-compliance of an EUT with a disturbance limit.
The MIU for a test laboratory shall be evaluated for the measurements addressed in
Clauses 5 through 8, taking into consideration each of the input quantities listed there. The
standard uncertainty u(x ) in dB, and the sensitivity coefficient c , shall be evaluated for the
i i
estimate x of each quantity. The combined standard uncertainty u (y) of the estimate y of the
i
c
measurand shall be calculated using
2 2
u ( y) = c u (x )
c ∑ i i
(1)
i
The expanded MIU U for a test laboratory shall be calculated for each type of measurement
lab
using
U = U( y) = 2 u ( y)
(2)
lab c
If U is less than or equal to U in Table 1, then the test report may either state the value
lab cispr
of U or state that U is less than U .
lab lab cispr
If U exceeds U of Table 1, then the test report shall contain the value of U (in dB) for
lab cispr lab
the measurement instrumentation actually used for the measurements.
NOTE Equation (2) means that a coverage factor k = 2 is applied that yields approximately a 95 % level of
confidence for the near-normal distribution typical of most measurement results.
– 14 – CISPR 16-4-2:2011+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2018 CSV IEC 2018
Table 1 – Values of U
cispr
Measurement U Table
cispr
(9 kHz to 150 kHz) 3,8 dB B.1
Conducted disturbance at AC mains and other port power
using a V-AMN
(150 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,4 dB B.2
Conducted disturbance at AC mains port using a voltage (9 kHz to 30 MHz) 2,9 dB B.3
probe
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using AAN (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 5,0 dB B.4
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CVP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,9 dB B.5
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 2,9 dB B.6
Conducted disturbance at telecommunication port using CP (150 kHz to 30 MHz) 4,0 dB B.5
and CVP
Disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 4,5 dB C.1
Radiated disturbance (disturbance current in a LLAS)
(9 kHz to 30 MHz) 3,3 dB F.1
Radiated disturbance
(30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) 6,3 dB D.1 to D.4
(electric field strength at an OATS or in a SAC)
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) 5,3 dB D.5 to D.6
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (1 GHz to 6 GHz) 5,2 dB E.1
Radiated disturbance (electric field strength in a FAR) (6 GHz to 18 GHz) 5,5 dB E.2
Conducted disturbance at mains port using CDNE (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 3,8 dB B.7
NOTE 1 The values of U are based on the expanded uncertainties in the annexes that were evaluated by
cispr
considering uncertainties associated with th
...
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