CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023

CISPR 16-1-4
®

Edition 4.0 2023-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

AMENDMENT 2
AMENDEMENT 2

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and test
sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour les mesures
des perturbations rayonnées

CISPR 16-1-4:2019-01/AMD2:2023-04(en-fr)

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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
CISPR 16-1-4

®


Edition 4.0 2023-04




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside



INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES



AMENDMENT 2

AMENDEMENT 2




Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and test

sites for radiated disturbance measurements



Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations


radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux

perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour les mesures


des perturbations rayonnées







INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-6736-3




Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

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® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023
© IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND
IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

AMENDMENT 2

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Amendment 2 to CISPR 16-1-4:2019 has been prepared by subcommittee CISPR A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods, of IEC technical committee CISPR:
International special committee on radio interference.
The text of this Amendment is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
CIS/A/1389/FDIS CIS/A/1393/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Amendment is English.

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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023 – 3 –
© IEC 2023
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications/.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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© IEC 2023
2 Normative references
Replace the existing references to CISPR 16-1-1, CISPR 16-1-6, CISPR 16-2-3 by the following:
CISPR 16-1-1:2019, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-6:2014, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – EMC antenna
calibration
CISPR 16-1-6:2014/AMD1:2017
CISPR 16-1-6:2014/AMD2:2022
CISPR 16-2-3:2016, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-3:2016/AMD1:2019
CISPR 16-2-3:2016/AMD2:20─
Add the following references:
IEC 61000-4-20, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-20: Testing and measurement
techniques – Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides
IEC 61000-4-21, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-21: Testing and measurement
techniques – Reverberation chamber test methods

3.1.3
antenna pair reference site attenuation
Replace the existing term and definition by the following new term and definition:
3.1.3
antenna pair reference site attenuation

A
APR
30 MHz to 1 GHz site attenuation for both vertical and horizontal polarizations using a pair of
antennas separated by a specified distance at an ideal open-area test site, with one antenna at
a specified fixed height above the ground plane, and the other antenna scanned over a specified
height range in which the minimum insertion loss is recorded
Note 1 to entry: While ideal A is based on an ideal site, actual A is also measured at a REFTS (see 6.6.3),
APR APR
or at a large OATS (see 6.6.4), and the measured values are used as a reference for comparing corresponding site
attenuation measurement results at a COMTS as well as for determining the suitability of an OATS for use in the
reference site method (RSM).
Note 2 to entry: Because A is defined in terms of an ideal OATS, the difference between the actual OATS and
APR
an ideal OATS is treated as an uncertainty contribution.

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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023 – 5 –
© IEC 2023
3.1.13
ideal open-area test site
Replace the existing note to entry by the following new note to entry:
Note 1 to entry: An ideal OATS is a theoretical construct that is used in the definition of the measurands A , A ,
APR LPR
and in the calculation of the normalized site attenuation A and normalized site insertion loss A for ground plane
N Ni
sites.

3.1.26
site insertion loss
Add, after the definition, the following new note to entry:
Note 1 to entry: With loop antennas, the locations of their feed points shall be as specified in this document.

Add, after the existing term and definition 3.1.29, the following two new terms and definitions:
3.1.30
antenna pair reference site insertion loss
A
LPR
9 kHz to 30 MHz site insertion loss for three orientations using a pair of antennas separated by
a specified distance at an ideal open-area test site, with both antennas at a specified fixed
height above the ground plane and with specified feed point locations
Note 1 to entry: While ideal A is based on an ideal site, actual A is measured at a REFTS (see 5.5.3) and the
LPR LPR
measured values are used as a reference for comparing corresponding site insertion loss measurement results at a
REFTS to evaluate the performance of the COMTS.
Note 2 to entry: Because A is defined in terms of an ideal OATS, the difference between the actual OATS and
LPR
an ideal OATS is treated as an uncertainty contribution.
3.1.31
feed point (of a shielded loop antenna)
location of the slit in the shielding of the loop antenna
Note 1 to entry: The feed point of a shielded loop antenna is important for a correct set-up. The location of the feed
point has an influence on the site insertion loss between two magnetic field antennas [33].
Note 2 to entry: For simulation using NEC [27], the source of the transmit antenna and the load of the receive
antenna is placed at this location.

3.2 Abbreviated terms
Add, to the existing list, the following new abbreviated terms:
DANL displayed average noise level
NSIL normalized site insertion loss

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© IEC 2023
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna
Replace the existing subclause by the following new subclauses and new figure:
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna
4.3.2.1 General
A shielded loop antenna of dimensions such that the loop antenna can be completely enclosed
by a square having sides of 60 cm in length shall be used. The shielding, but not the electronic
unit including mechanical mounting features and connected cables, shall be taken into account
when applying the size criterion; see Figure 34.
For site validation as per 5.5, the loop antenna shall have a single turn.
NOTE 1 Derivation of NSIL values as described in Annex J, is less complicated and more accurate for single-turn
loops.
The unit of magnetic field strength is μA/m. In logarithmic units H is in dB(μA/m), or 20 times
the log of the measured field strength. The associated disturbance limit shall be expressed in
the same units.
NOTE 2 Direct measurements can be made of the strength of the magnetic field component, in dB(μA/m) or μA/m,
of a radiated field under all conditions; that is, both in the near field and in the far field [32].
The reference point of the shielded loop antenna is specified as the centre point of the circle or
rectangle formed by the loop, ignoring any attached balun or mechanical mounting feature.
The magnetic field antenna shall be calibrated according to CISPR 16-1-6 for determination of
the magnetic field antenna factor. The magnetic field antenna factor is required for site
validation as per 5.5, and also for radiated disturbance measurements as per CISPR 16-2-3.

NOTE This example illustrates the maximum diameter circular-shaped loop antenna that still complies with the size
criterion.
Figure 34 – Example of size-compliant loop antenna

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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023 – 7 –
© IEC 2023
4.3.2.2 Considerations on active antennas
In principle, an active antenna can be seen as a passive antenna with a preamplifier.
CISPR 16-1-1:2019, Annex J describes the problems that can arise when preamplifiers are
used. Especially when pulsed signals are measured, a larger dynamic range is required.
When using active antennas, it is recommended to use those types that are equipped with an
overload indicator. In this case, the indicator shall be observed such that any overload condition
is detected, and actions are taken to correct it.
Alternatively, the output voltage of the antenna shall be checked simultaneously with an
oscilloscope by using a tee connector to split the receive cable. This tee connector shall be
connected directly to the input of an oscilloscope and the second output to the receiver via a
cable. The oscilloscope shall be set to high input impedance to minimise any influence on the
measurement result. The trigger point of the oscilloscope shall be set to a voltage that
corresponds to the 1 dB compression point of the active antenna. The measurement is assumed
to be valid if no trigger event occurs during the entire measurement.
NOTE The influence of the input impedance of the oscilloscope to the measurement result is negligible. For 1 MΩ
in parallel with 20 pF, the error is less than 0,04 dB.
A resistive power divider may be used instead of a tee connector. In this case the input
impedance of the oscilloscope shall be set to 50 Ω. The noise floor of the system might be
increased by the insertion of 6 dB loss between antenna and receiver. The loss through the
power divider shall be accounted for when determining the measured magnetic field strength
level (i.e. added to the level measured by the receiver).
The highest measurable field strength is usually given in the datasheet of the antenna, which
shall be checked to ensure that it is valid for the entire measurement frequency range.
The ratio between the peak value of the field strength and power of the fundamental frequency
depends on the type of disturbance. For pulse-width modulated signals especially, this value
can reach 30 dB or more; see [26]. When considering overload, the peak value of a disturbance
signal shall be taken into consideration.
Use of an active antenna might not be necessary at measurement distances of 3 m or 5 m.
Passive antennas can be suitable to provide a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.

5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the
frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz
Replace the existing text of this clause “(Void)” with the following new text:
5.1 General
An environment shall ensure valid, repeatable measurement results of the disturbance field
strength from an EUT. The provisions in this clause are not intended for measurements on
EUTs at their place of use (in that case, see, e.g., the in situ measurement procedures in
CISPR 16-2-3).
In the frequency range below 30 MHz, a semi-free space environment is required. Such a semi-
free-space environment shall be an OATS, an OATS with a weather-protection enclosure, or a
SAC.

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© IEC 2023
5.2 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site
The test site shall allow disturbances from an EUT to be distinguished from ambient noise. Its
suitability in this respect can be determined by measuring the ambient noise levels with the
EUT inoperative and ensuring that the ambient noise levels are at least 6 dB below the limits
that apply for the measurement being carried out.
It is not necessary to reduce the ambient noise level to 6 dB below the specified limit where the
combination of the ambient noise plus the disturbance from the EUT does not exceed the
specified limit. Under those conditions, the EUT is considered to comply with the specified limit.
5.3 Measurement distance and test volume
The test site shall be validated at the measurement distances that are used for disturbance
measurements as per the methods of CISPR 16-2-3:2016/AMD2:20─. The measurement
distance shall be 3 m, 5 m, or 10 m.
NOTE According to CISPR 16-2-3, measurements at 30 m distance are considered as in-situ measurements.
The test volume is determined by the locations of the transmit antenna used during test site
validation, where the site meets the criteria in 5.5.4. The maximum size of the EUT shall not
exceed the validated test volume (the maximum volume is also limited by Table 10 of
CISPR 16-2-3:2016/AMD1:2019).
5.4 Set-up table and antenna positioner
The shape and construction of the set-up table and the antenna positioner for the receive
antenna are not critical in the frequency range below 30 MHz provided that non-conductive
material is used. In this case, the influence of the set-up table and antenna positioner shall not
be evaluated.
5.5 Validation procedure of test site
5.5.1 General
For an OATS, an OATS with a weather-protection enclosure or a SAC, a single site insertion
loss measurement is insufficient to determine possible reflections from ground plane edges, the
construction material and/or the RF-absorbing material comprising the walls and ceiling of the
facility. Evaluating H , H , and H antenna orientations (as illustrated in Figure 35) requires 15
x y z
separate SIL measurements, i.e. five positions for each of the three orientations of the loop
antennas [25].
Loop antennas conforming to the requirements of 4.3.2 shall be used for these measurements.
Distances are measured with respect to the reference points of the antennas. The measurement
heights for the transmit antenna and the receive antenna are fixed at 1,3 m from the ground
plane to reference points of the loop antennas. Height scanning is not required for either
antenna. The reference point of the transmit antenna shall be placed at the required locations
in turn: centre and four locations (left, right, front, rear) on the perimeter of the test volume to
be validated, in accordance with Figure 36 and Figure 37.
For each measurement made with a spectrum analyzer or a network analyzer, the procedure
requires two different measurements of the received voltage V . The first reading of V is with
R R
the two coaxial cables disconnected from the two loop antennas and connected to each other
via an adaptor. The second reading of V is taken with the coaxial cables reconnected to their
R
respective loop antennas. For both of these measurements, the signal source voltage, V ,
I
remains unchanged. The first reading of V is called V and the second is called V .
R DIRECT SITE

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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023 – 9 –
© IEC 2023
An acceptable signal to noise ratio shall be maintained; however, a requirement is not specified
because the receive level depends on the antennas used, the available transmit power, the
noise level of the receiver, and the ambient level. A value of 20 dB is recommended. The
achieved values shall be used in the uncertainty budget given in Annex I.
Special care shall be taken to avoid coupling between the receive system and the transmit
system. Typically a ground loop is formed if the transmit antenna and receive antenna cables
are routed through the chamber shielding using standard bulkhead connectors; see [31]. There
are several possible methods to avoid this ground loop. One of them is to operate the signal
generator inside and the measuring receiver outside the shielded room. It is also possible to
use an isolating transformer in the transmit path. It is recommended to check the dynamic range
of the system before use. This check is done by connecting a termination instead of the transmit
antenna and recording the receive level. If an active receive antenna is used it should be turned
on during a dynamic range test to take the noise of the preamplifier into account.
If the cables have an influence on the measurement result, they shall be equipped with ferrite
cores. It is highly recommended that ferrites with a minimum impedance of 50 Ω at 25 MHz are
placed on the transmit antenna and receive antenna cables every 20 cm along their entire length
within the test volume being validated.
Three different loop antennas orientations shall be measured according to Figure 35. The
measurements shall be performed in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 MHz, with frequency
steps less than or equal to those specified in Table 9.
Figure 36 and Figure 37 illustrate the measurement positions in the test volume. Five positions
in the test volume shall be measured. The measurement distance d shall be kept constant.
Table 9 – Maximum frequency step size
Frequency range Maximum step size
9 kHz to 20 kHz 1 kHz
20 kHz to 150 kHz 5 kHz
150 kHz to 1 MHz 50 kHz
1 MHz to 30 MHz 100 kHz



Figure 35 – General arrangement of the three measurement orientations H , H and H ,
x y z
where d is the measurement distance and h is the height of the reference point

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© IEC 2023

a) H validation measurement with loop antennas
x

b) H validation measurement with loop antennas
y

c) H validation measurement with loop antennas
z
NOTE The receive loop antenna positions corresponding to the left and right transmit antenna positions, shown
with green and magenta colors respectively, are one and the same. However, these are shown with a slight offset in
the diagram so that both are visible.
Figure 36 – Antenna positions

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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD2:2023 – 11 –
© IEC 2023

a) H validation measurement with loop antennas
x

b) H validation measurement with loop antennas
y

c) H validation measurement with loop antennas
z
Figure 37 – Antenna positions

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© IEC 2023
5.5.2 Normalized site insertion loss (NSIL)
The site insertion loss deviation is calculated by Equation (27):
(27)
AV −V− F− F− A

i DIRECT SITE aH,T aH,R Ni

where
V is the level recorded by the receiver when transmit antenna and receive antenna
DIRECT
cables are connected via an adaptor, in dBm or dB(µV);
V is the level recorded by the receiver when transmit antenna and receive antenna
SITE
cables are connected to the antennas, in dBm or dB(µV); the same unit shall be used
as for V ;
DIRECT
F is the magnetic field antenna factor of the transmit antenna, in dB(S/m);
aH,T
F is the magnetic field antenna factor of the receive antenna, in dB(S/m);
aH,R
2 2
A is the normalized site insertion loss, in dB(m /S ), calculated in accordance with
Ni
Annex J;
∆A  is the site insertion loss deviation, in dB.
i
F and F shall be calibrated according to CISPR 16-1-6 with frequency steps less than
aH,T aH,R
or equal to those specified in Table 9.
Due to the required sensitivity at 10 m measurement distance, the use of a transmit power
amplifier can be required. To avoid overloading the receiver in the V measurement mode,
DIRECT
an additional attenuator can be necessary; see Fi
...