IEC 62657-2:2022

IEC 62657-2 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Industrial networks – Coexistence of wireless systems –
Part 2: Coexistence management

Réseaux industriels – Coexistence des systèmes sans fil –
Partie 2: Gestion de coexistence

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IEC 62657-2 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Industrial networks – Coexistence of wireless systems –

Part 2: Coexistence management

Réseaux industriels – Coexistence des systèmes sans fil –

Partie 2: Gestion de coexistence

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 25.040.40; 33.040; 35.100 ISBN 978-2-8322-0973-8

– 2 – IEC 62657-2:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and conventions . 12
3.1 Terms and definitions . 12
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 27
3.3 Conventions . 28
4 Coexistence concept in industrial automation . 28
4.1 Overview. 28
4.2 Objective . 30
4.3 Necessity to implement a coexistence management . 32
4.4 Interference potential . 33
4.5 Ancillary conditions . 35
4.6 Requirements to wireless devices for support of coexistence management . 36
4.7 Concepts . 36
4.7.1 Manual coexistence management . 36
4.7.2 Automated non-collaborative coexistence management . 37
4.7.3 Automated collaborative coexistence management . 37
4.8 Best practices to achieve coexistence . 38
4.9 Coexistence conceptual model . 40
4.10 Coexistence management and selection of a wireless solution . 42
4.11 Coexistence management system . 44
5 Coexistence management parameters . 44
5.1 General . 44
5.1.1 Definition and usage of parameters . 44
5.1.2 Physical link . 44
5.2 Adjacent channel selectivity . 45
5.3 Antenna gain . 45
5.4 Antenna radiation pattern . 45
5.5 Antenna type . 45
5.6 Communication availability . 46
5.7 Communication reliability . 46
5.8 Bit rate of physical link . 46
5.9 Blocked frequency list . 46
5.10 Centre frequency . 46
5.11 Area of operation . 47
5.12 Communication load . 47
5.13 Cut-off frequency . 49
5.14 Data throughput . 50
5.15 Distance between wireless devices . 50
5.16 Duty cycle . 51
5.17 Dwell time . 53
5.18 Equivalent isotropic radiated power. 54
5.19 Equivalent radiated power . 54
5.20 Frequency band . 54

5.21 Frequency bandwidth . 54
5.22 Frequency channel . 55
5.23 Frequency hopping sequence . 55
5.24 Future expansion plan . 56
5.25 Geographical dimension of the plant . 56
5.26 Infrastructure device . 56
5.27 Initiation of data transmission . 56
5.28 Interference type . 56
5.29 Intervisibility. 57
5.30 ISM application . 57
5.31 Length of user data per transfer interval. 57
5.32 Limitation from neighbours of the plant . 57
5.33 Maximum number of retransmissions . 57
5.34 Mechanism for adaptivity . 58
5.35 Medium access control mechanism . 58
5.36 Medium utilization factor . 58
5.37 Message . 59
5.38 Modulation . 59
5.39 Natural environmental condition . 59
5.40 Network topology . 59
5.41 Number of consecutive lost messages . 60
5.42 Object movement . 60
5.43 Operating time between failures . 60
5.44 Message loss ratio . 60
5.45 Position of wireless devices . 61
5.46 Power spectral density . 61
5.47 Purpose of the automation application . 62
5.48 Receiver blocking . 62
5.49 Receiver maximum input level . 62
5.50 Receiver sensitivity . 62
5.51 Regional radio regulations . 62
5.52 Relative movement . 63
5.53 Response time . 63
5.54 Security level . 63
5.55 Spatial coverage of the wireless communication system . 64
5.56 Spatial extent of the application . 64
5.57 Spurious response . 64
5.58 Survival time . 64
5.59 Total radiated power . 64
5.60 Transfer interval . 64
5.61 Transmission gap . 65
5.62 Transmission time . 66
5.63 Transmitter output power . 69
5.64 Transmitter sequence . 69
5.65 Transmitter spectral mask . 71
5.66 Update time . 71
5.67 Wireless device density . 72
5.68 Wireless device type information . 72
5.69 Wireless communication solution density . 73

– 4 – IEC 62657-2:2022 © IEC 2022
5.70 Wireless technology or standard . 73
6 Coexistence management information structures . 73
6.1 General . 73
6.2 General plant characteristic . 75
6.2.1 General . 75
6.2.2 General plant characteristic . 75
6.2.3 Passive environmental influences . 76
6.2.4 Active environmental influences . 76
6.3 Application communication requirements . 77
6.3.1 Overview . 77
6.3.2 Requirements influencing the characteristic of wireless solutions . 78
6.3.3 Performance requirements . 79
6.4 Wireless system type and wireless device type . 79
6.4.1 Overview . 79
6.4.2 Wireless system type . 80
6.4.3 Wireless device type . 80
6.5 Wireless solution . 83
6.5.1 Overview . 83
6.5.2 Wireless system solution . 83
6.5.3 Wireless device solution . 84
6.6 Application related characteristic parameters . 85
7 Coexistence management process . 87
7.1 General . 87
7.1.1 Overview . 87
7.1.2 Documentation . 87
7.1.3 Suitable documentation method . 89
7.1.4 Application of tools . 89
7.2 Establishment of a coexistence management system . 89
7.2.1 Nomination of a coexistence manager . 89
7.2.2 Responsibility of a coexistence manager . 90
7.2.3 Support by wireless experts . 90
7.2.4 Training . 91
7.3 Maintaining coexistence management system . 91
7.4 Phases of a coexistence management process . 91
7.4.1 Investigation phase . 91
7.4.2 Planning phase . 94
7.4.3 Implementation phase. 96
7.4.4 Operation phase . 97
8 Coexistence parameter templates . 99
Bibliography . 106

Figure 1 – Issues of consideration . 31
Figure 2 – Applications using frequency spectrum . 31
Figure 3 – Progression of expense to achieve coexistence corresponding to the
application classes . 36
Figure 4 – Separation of wireless systems according to frequency and time . 39
Figure 5 – Coexistence conceptual model . 41
Figure 6 – Flow chart of the coexistence conceptual model . 42

Figure 7 – Selection of a wireless system in the coexistence management process . 43
Figure 8 – Communication load in case of two wireless devices . 48
Figure 9 – Communication load in the case of several wireless devices . 49
Figure 10 – Cut-off frequencies derived from maximum power level . 50
Figure 11 – Distance of the wireless devices . 51
Figure 12 – Duty cycle . 52
Figure 13 – Maximum dwell time . 53
Figure 14 – Power spectral density of an IEEE 802.15.4 system . 61
Figure 15 – Communication cycle, application event interval and machine cycle . 65
Figure 16 – Transmission gap . 66
Figure 17 – Example of the density functions of transmission time . 67
Figure 18 – Example of the distribution functions of transmission time . 68
Figure 19 – Transmitter sequence . 70
Figure 20 – Transmitter spectral mask of an IEEE 802.15.4 system . 71
Figure 21 – Example of distribution functions of the update time . 72
Figure 22 – Principle for use of coexistence parameters . 75
Figure 23 – Parameters to describe the general plant characteristic . 75
Figure 24 – Parameters to describe application communication requirements . 78
Figure 25 – Parameters to describe wireless system type and device type . 79
Figure 26 – Example of power spectral density and transmitter spectral mask . 81
Figure 27 – Example of medium utilization in time and frequency . 82
Figure 28 – Parameters to describe a wireless communication solution . 83
Figure 29 – Planning of a wireless system in the coexistence management process . 95
Figure 30 – Implementation and operation of a wireless system in the coexistence
management process . 98

Table 1 – Example of a classification of application communication requirements . 30
Table 2 – Application profile dependent observation time values . 52
Table 3 – Parameter options for frequency channel . 55
Table 4 – Hierarchy of the characteristics . 74
Table 5 – List of parameters used to describe the general plant characteristic . 76
Table 6 – List of parameters used to describe the passive environmental influences . 76
Table 7 – List of parameters used to describe the active environmental influences . 76
Table 8 – List of parameters used to describe the interference type . 77
Table 9 – List of parameters used to describe the requirements influencing the
characteristic of wireless solutions . 78
Table 10 – List of characteristic parameters . 79
Table 11 – List of parameters used to describe the wireless system type . 80
Table 12 – List of parameters used to describe the transmitter of a wireless device type . 82
Table 13 – List of parameters used to describe the receiver of a wireless device type . 83
Table 14 – List of parameters used to describe a wireless solution . 84
Table 15 – List of general parameters used to describe the wireless device solution . 84
Table 16 – List of parameters used to describe the transmitter of a wireless device
solution . 85

– 6 – IEC 62657-2:2022 © IEC 2022
Table 17 – List of parameters used to describe the receiver of a wireless device
solution . 85
Table 18 – List of relevant characteristic parameters of wireless solutions . 86
Table 19 – List of relevant statistical values of characteristic parameters . 86
Table 20 – Template used to describe the general plant characteristic . 100
Table 21 – Template used to describe the application communication requirements . 101
Table 22 – Template used to describe the wireless system type . 102
Table 23 – Template used to describe a wireless device type . 102
Table 24 – Template used to describe the wireless system solution . 103
Table 25 – Template used to describe a wireless device solution . 104
Table 26 – Template used to describe the relevant characteristic parameters of
wireless solutions . 104
Table 27 – Template used to describe the relevant statistical values of characteristic
parameters . 105
Table 28 – Template used to describe an interference type . 105

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS –
COEXISTENCE OF WIRELESS SYSTEMS –

Part 2: Coexistence management

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62657-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 65C: Industrial networks, of IEC technical
committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation. It is an International
Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2017 and Amendment 1:
2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) change the main part of the title from:
Industrial communication networks – Wireless communication networks
to
Industrial networks – Coexistence of wireless systems
b) alignment of some definitions and specifications of coexistence parameters in order to
facilitate their future inclusion in the IEC Common Data Dictionary (IEC CDD) maintained
by the IEC;
– 8 – IEC 62657-2:2022 © IEC 2022
c) alignment of some definitions and specifications to be consistent to the new Part 3 and
Part 4.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
65C/XX/FDIS 65C/XX/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all the parts of the IEC 62657 series, under the general title Industrial networks –
Coexistence of wireless systems, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

INTRODUCTION
The overall market for wireless communication solutions spans a range of diverse applications,
with differing performance and functional requirements. Within this overall market, the industrial
automation domain could include:
• process automation, covering for example the following industry branches:
– oil and gas, refining,
– chemical,
– pharmaceutical,
– mining,
– pulp & paper,
– water & wastewater,
– steel,
• electric power such as:
– power generation (for example wind turbine),
– power transmission and distribution (grid),
• factory automation, covering for example the following industry branches:
– food and beverage,
– automotive,
– machinery,
– semiconductor.
Industrial automation requirements for wireless communication systems are different from those
of, for example, the telecommunications, commercial and consumer markets. These industrial
automation requirements are identified and provided in IEC 62657-1.
Industrial premises can contain a variety of wireless communication technologies and other
sources of radio emissions.
This document is intended for designers and persons responsible for production and process
plants, system integrators and mechanical engineers having to integrate and start up wireless
systems in machines and plants, and producers of industrial wireless solutions. In particular, it
is intended to motivate exchange of information between automation and radio engineers.
Many wireless industrial automation applications are also located in physical environments over
which the operator/owner can exert control. That is, within a physical facility where the presence
and operation of all radio emitting devices are under the control of a single entity. This allows
wireless management strategies to be employed which are not feasible for equipment installed
in public or other unmanaged areas.

– 10 – IEC 62657-2:2022 © IEC 2022
In industrial automation, many different wireless communication systems can operate in the
®1
same premises. Examples of these communication systems are IEC 62591 (WirelessHART ),
IEC 62601 (WIA-PA) and IEC 62734 (ISA100.11a). All these communication systems use
IEEE 802.15.4 [28] for the process automation applications. Other examples of wireless
communication systems are specified in IEC 61784-1 and IEC 61784-2 CPs that use
IEEE 802.11 [25] and IEEE 802.15.1 [26] for factory automation applications. Different to wired
fieldbuses, the wireless communication devices can interfere with others on the same premises
or environment, disturbing each other. Other sources of radio energy in these bands, often at
high energy levels, include radiated process heating, plastic welding, plasma lamps, and
microwave irradiation devices.
Clearly, without a means to manage the coexistence of these varied emitters, it would be
problematic to ensure that wireless systems meet the time-criticality and other performance
requirements of industrial automation.
This document describes the management of independent radio sources that use the same
transmission medium. The management within a wireless communication system is not the
subject of this document. It is assumed that the standard of a wireless system regulates it, for
example by a medium access control mechanism.
The IEC 62657 series has four parts:
• Part 1: Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations
• Part 2: Coexistence management
• Part 3: Formal description of the automated coexistence management and application
guidance
• Part 4: Coexistence management with central coordination of wireless applications
IEC 62657-1 provides general requirements for industrial automation and spectrum
considerations that are the basis for industrial communication solutions. This document
specifies the coexistence management of wireless devices to ensure predicable performance.
It is intended to facilitate harmonization of future adjustments to international, national, and
local regulations.
This document provides the coexistence management concept and process. Based on the
coexistence management process, a predictable assuredness of coexistence can be achieved
for a given spectrum with certain application requirements. This document describes principles
to manage the potential mutual interference that might occur due to the operation of multiple
wireless devices in a plant.
This document provides guidance to the users of wireless systems on selection and proper use
of wireless systems. To provide suitable wireless devices to the market, it also serves vendors
in describing the behaviors of wireless devices to build wireless systems matching the
application requirements.
This document is based on analyses of a number of International Standards, which focus on
specific technologies. The intention of this document is not to invent new parameters but to use
already defined ones and to be technology independent.

___________
WirelessHART is the registered trade name of the FieldComm Group, see www.fieldcommgroup.org. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by
IEC of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS –
COEXISTENCE OF WIRELESS SYSTEMS –

Part 2: Coexistence management

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62657:
• specifies the fundamental assumptions, concepts, parameters, and procedures for wireless
communication coexistence;
• specifies coexistence parameters and how they are used in an application requiring wireless
coexistence;
• provides guidelines, requirements, and best practices for wireless communication's
availability and performance in an industrial automation plant; it covers the life-cycle of
wireless communication coexistence;
• helps the work of all persons involved with the relevant responsibilities to cope with the
critical aspects at each phase of life-cycle of the wireless communication coexistence
management in an industrial automation plant. Life-cycle aspects include: planning, design,
installation, implementation, operation, maintenance, administration and training;
• provides a common point of reference for wireless communication coexistence for industrial
automation sites as a homogeneous guideline to help the users assess and gauge their
plant efforts;
• deals with the operational aspects of wireless communication coexistence regarding both
the static human/tool-organization and the dynamic network self-organization.
This document provides a major contribution to national and regional regulations. It does not
exempt devices from conforming to all requirements of national and regional regulations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62657-1:2017, Industrial communication networks – Wireless communication networks –
Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations
IEC 62657-4, Industrial networks – Coexistence of wireless systems – Part 4: Coexistence
management with central coordination of wireless applications
IEC 62443 (all parts), Industrial communication networks – Network and system security

– 12 – IEC 62657-2:2022 © IEC 2022
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
active environmental influence
influence on the signal propagation through interfering of the wireless communication
application or wireless application
3.1.2
adjacent channel interference
interference that occurs from wireless devices using adjacent frequency channels
3.1.3
adjacent channel selectivity
ability of a radio receiver to respond to the desired signal and to reject signals in adjacent
frequency channels
3.1.4
antenna gain
ratio of the power required at the input of a reference antenna to the power supplied to the input
of the given antenna to produce, in a given direction, the same field strength at the same
distance
[SOURCE: Federal Standard 1037C:1996, modified – Deletion of "loss-free" before "reference
antenna", deletion of the two notes and synonyms] [29]
3.1.5
antenna radiation pattern
variation of the field intensity of an antenna as an angular function with respect to the axis
3.1.6
antenna type
kind of part of
...