ENV 13381-2:2002

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2003
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Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of stuctural members
- Part 2: Vertical protective membranes
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden
Bauteilen - Teil 2: Vertikal angeordnete Brandschutzbekleidungen
Méthodes d'essai pour déterminer la contribution a la résistance au feu des éléments de
construction - Partie 2: Membranes de protection verticales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ENV 13381-2:2002
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.080.01 Gradbene konstrukcije na Structures of buildings in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD
ENV 13381-2
PRÉNORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE VORNORM
July 2002
ICS 13.220.50
English version
Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire
resistance of stuctural members - Part 2: Vertical protective
membranes
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum
Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Bauteilen - Teil 2: Vertikal
angeordnete Brandschutzbekleidungen
This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 1 March 2002 as a prospective standard for provisional application.
The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly
at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final
decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. ENV 13381-2:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword. 3
1 Scope.4
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units . 6
4 Test equipment . 7
5 Test conditions . 8
6 Test specimens . 9
7 Installation of the test construction. 12
8 Conditioning.13
9 Application of instrumentation. 13
10 Test procedure. 15
11 Test results. 16
12 Test report . 17
13 Assessment . 17
14 Report of the assessment . 19
15 Limits of applicability of the results of the assessment. 20
Annex A (normative) Measurement of properties of vertical protective membranes and components. 27
Bibliography . 30
Foreword
This document ENV 13381-2:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC127 "Fire safety in buildings",
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Prestandard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
As there was little experience in carrying out these tests in Europe CEN/TC127 agreed that more experience should be
built up during a prestandardisation period before agreeing text as European Standards. Consequently all parts are being
prepared as European Prestandards.
This European Prestandard is one of a series of standards for evaluating the contribution to the fire resistance of
structural members by applied fire protection materials. Other parts of the ENV are:
Part 1: Horizontal protective membranes.
Part 3: Applied protection to concrete members.
Part 4: Applied protection to steel members.
Part 5: Applied protection to concrete / profiled sheet steel composite members.
Part 6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow steel columns.
Part 7: Applied protection to timber members.
The fire protection provided by the vertical protective membrane can be nullified by the presence of combustible
materials in the cavity behind the membrane. The assessment methodology can be modified according to the
quantity and position of such materials within that cavity.
Annex A is normative.
Caution
The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire resistance test, is drawn to the fact that
fire testing can be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and / or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved
during the test. Mechanical and operational hazards can also arise during the construction of test elements or structures,
their testing and the disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health should be made and safety precautions should be identified
and provided. Written safety instructions should be issued. Appropriate training should be given to relevant personnel.
Laboratory personnel should ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times.
The specific health and safety instructions contained within this prestandard should be followed.
When testing concrete filled hollow steel composite columns steam release holes should be provided for the release of
steam from the column, during the test, as specified in ENV 13381-6.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries
are bound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
1 Scope
This part of this European Prestandard specifies a test method for determining the ability of a vertical
protective membrane, when used as a fire resistant barrier, to contribute to the fire resistance of loadbearing
vertical structural building members fabricated from steel, concrete, steel / concrete composites or timber.
The method described is applicable to any type of vertical protective membrane, which can be associated
with a separate bracing membrane.
The vertical protective membrane can be separate from the structural building member and be self-
supporting or can be attached to the structural building member and can form part of any load bearing
structure. This test method is applicable to vertical protective membranes where there is a separating gap
of at least 5 mm size between the vertical protective membrane and the structural building member,
otherwise alternative test methods ENV 13381-3, ENV 13381-4, ENV 13381-6 or ENV 13381-7 should
be used as appropriate
This test method and assessment is not applicable to the following:
a) all situations where the cavity behind the vertical protective membrane contains more than a
specified amount of combustible materials, e.g. electrical cables and pipes, other than where
timber structural members themselves are required;
b) all situations where the cavity is to be used as a service or ventilation shaft;
c) all situations where the vertical protective membrane acts as a bracing membrane.
This European Prestandard contains the fire test which specifies the tests which should be carried out
whereby the vertical protective membrane together with the structural member to be protected is exposed
to the specified fire. The fire exposure, to the standard temperature/time curve given in EN 1363-1, is
applied to the side which would be exposed in practice.
The test method makes provision, through specified optional additional procedures, for the collection of
data which can be used as direct input to the calculation of fire resistance according to the processes given
in ENV 1992-1-2, ENV 1993-1-2, ENV 1994-1-2 and ENV 1995-1-2.
This European Prestandard also contains the assessment which provides information relative to the analysis
of the test data and gives guidance for the interpretation of the results of the fire test, in terms of
loadbearing capacity criteria of the protected vertical structural member.
The results of the fire test and the assessment can be applied, with certain defined provisions, to vertical
structural building members which can be beams, columns or a combination of both and / or which could
form part of a separating element or partition.
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined, together
with permitted direct application of the results to different structures, membranes and fittings.
2 Normative references
This European Prestandard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Prestandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated
references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 1363-1 Fire Resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements.
EN 206-1 Concrete - Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity.
ENV 1992-1-2 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design.
ENV 1993-1-2 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design.
ENV 1994-1-2 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design (including Technical
Corrigendum 1:1995).
ENV 1995-1-2:1994 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
Part 1-2 General rules - Structural fire design.
EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels - Technical delivery conditions.
ENV 10080 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable ribbed reinforcing steel B
500 - Technical delivery conditions for bars, coils and welded fabric.
EN 10113 Hot rolled products in weldable fine grade structural steels.
ENV 13381-3 Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural
members Part 3: Applied protection to concrete members.
ENV 13381-6 Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural
members Part 6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow steel columns.
ENV 13381-7 Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural
members Part 7: Applied protection to timber members.
ISO 8421-2 Fire Protection - Vocabulary - Part 2: Structural fire protection.
EN ISO 13943 Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:1999).
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Prestandard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1363-1, EN ISO 13943 and ISO 8421-2
and the following apply.
3.1.1
vertical structural building member
vertical loadbearing structural element of building construction, which may be a column, a beam or a combination of both,
and / or which might form part of a separating element or partition and which is fabricated from either concrete, steel,
steel/concrete composite or timber
3.1.2
vertical protective membrane
material or construction which is installed in front of a vertical structural building member and which is intended to give
additional fire resistance to that member
The vertical protective membrane may comprise multiple layers of materials.
3.1.3
structural building member test column
test column, representing the loadbearing structural building member to be protected in practice, in front of which the vertical
protective membrane test specimen is installed for the purposes of the test
3.1.4
vertical protective membrane test specimen
full vertical protective membrane assembly submitted for test, including typical fixing equipment and methods and typical
features such as insulating materials, light fittings, ventilation ducts
3.1.5
furnace closure
fire resistant vertical construction designed to close the furnace and with the vertical protective membrane create a cavity
within which the test column is placed
3.1.6
separating gap
distance between the rear face of the vertical protective membrane and the closest surface of the structural building member
test column
3.1.7
cavity
whole void between the rear face of the vertical protective membrane and the furnace closure
3.1.8
fire protection
protection afforded to the structural building member by the vertical protective membrane such that the temperature on the
surface of the test column and within the cavity is limited throughout the period of exposure to fire
3.2 Symbols and units
SymbolUnit Designation
-1
A /V m Section factor of unprotected steel column (see ENV 13381-4).
m
4 Test equipment
4.1 General
The furnace and test equipment shall be as specified in EN 1363-1.
4.2 Furnace
The furnace shall be designed to permit the dimensions of the test specimen to be exposed to heating to be as
specified in 6.3 and its installation to be as described in clause 7.
4.3 Test frame
The vertical protective membrane test specimen, the test column and the furnace closure shall be mounted in a test
frame which shall be designed such that it possesses sufficient stiffness appropriate to the test construction. A
suitable frame for this purpose shall have head and side members constructed from steel section protected with
refractory concrete having a nominal density of at least 2 000 kg/m .
The dimensions of the test frame shall be such that the furnace closure, the test column and the vertical protective
membrane test specimen, together with any supporting construction, may be installed within it (see Figure 1) and
permit the size of the test construction exposed to heating to be as specified in 6.3.
4.4 Supporting construction
If the size of the vertical protective membrane test specimen is smaller than the test frame of the laboratory then
the test frame opening shall be reduced in size, whilst still fulfilling the general requirements for test frames, by the
following which may be provided to accommodate the test specimen:
a) where the height is smaller, a plinth shall be provided to adjust the opening to the required size;
b) where the overall dimensions are smaller, a supporting construction shall be built in the test frame.
If the vertical protective membrane is required in practice to be used together with any supporting construction then
the test construction shall include that supporting construction, otherwise, a standard construction made of aerated
concrete slabs or blocks of density (650 ± 200) kg/m and thickness (100 ± 10) mm, bonded with sand / cement
mortar or other fire resistant material shall be used.
4.5 Furnace closure
The fire resistant furnace closure is designed to close the furnace and to create, together with the vertical protective
membrane test specimen, a cavity to contain the test column.
The normal furnace closure shall comprise a wall built within the test frame comprising aerated concrete slabs or
blocks of density (650 ± 200) kg/m and thickness (100 ± 10) mm, bonded with sand / cement mortar or other
appropriate fire resistant material.
Where the vertical protective membrane is to be used on all sides of the structural building member, and where
exposure to fire might be expected to occur from any side, then the furnace closure shall comprise the same vertical
protective membrane system. This type of furnace closure shall be sealed into the test frame by the same method
as would be used for the vertical protective membrane in use. The applicability of the result shall be restricted in
this case (see 15.8).
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
At the request of the sponsor, insulation material of lower insulation performance than that normally required,
representing a high heat loss external or internal wall or open cavity situation (remote from the fire exposure side)
may be used. The choice of such materials shall be made by the sponsor. The laboratory shall ensure that they are
inserted into the test frame and all joints sealed, both within the closure and around its edges, such that leakage of
gases from the cavity cannot occur. The applicability of the result shall be restricted in this case (see 15.8).
If the vertical protective membrane is to be used in a situation where it forms a ventilated cavity in which the
building member it protects is situated, then the test cavity shall be ventilated in a manner representative of practice.
The applicability of the result shall be restricted in this case (see 15.8).
5 Test conditions
5.1 General
A loadbearing vertical structural building member represented by an unloaded test column is protected against fire
by a vertical protective membrane and subjected to the fire test defined herein. The temperature within the cavity
and the surface temperature of the test column are measured throughout the test.
It is recommended that the test is continued until the mean temperature recorded by all thermocouples within the
cavity, reaches the appropriate limiting temperature for the test columns used or until any individual temperature
recorded within the cavity, rises to 750 °C for steel, concrete or concrete filled hollow steel columns and 500 °C
for timber columns.
The procedures given in EN 1363-1 shall be followed in the performance of this test method unless otherwise stated
in this European Prestandard.
5.2 Support and restraint
5.2.1 Standard conditions
Where the vertical protective membrane test specimen in practice is not larger than the furnace opening, the edges
of the specimen shall be installed and restrained as in practice.
Where the vertical protective membrane test specimen in practice is larger than the furnace opening then it shall
be installed as in practice, but with one vertical edge unrestrained and having freedom of movement, the remaining
edges being restrained as in practice.
Any unrestrained edges shall be sealed with fire resistant material which shall accommodate movement of those
edges and yet not restrict that movement, or allow furnace gases to leak into the cavity. The distance between the
exposed face of the vertical protective membrane and the forward edge of the test frame shall be sufficient to
accommodate any bowing of the membrane, without allowing furnace gases to leak into the cavity. The sponsor
shall define expected bowing, where possible.
5.2.2 Other support and restraint conditions
Support and restraint conditions differing from the standard conditions specified in 5.2.1 shall be described in the
test report and the validity of the results restricted to that tested.
6 Test specimens
6.1 General
The structural building member to be used in the test shall be as given in 6.3 and be chosen from those standard
members described in 6.4.1 and be representative of that to be used in practice. Alternatively an actual practical
structural vertical building member may be used according to 6.4.2.
Vertical protective membranes would typically be board or panel type partitions or membranes, comprising timber,
plaster, mineral wool or similar materials. They shall be installed in front of the test column by the procedures given
in the installation manual or other written instructions provided by the sponsor. The means of connection and use
of insulation between the membrane and the test frame shall be defined by the sponsor.
Where the vertical protective membrane is expected to include joints or a gap (or gaps) for design purposes or in
practice these shall be included within the vertical protective membrane test specimen and be included in a manner
representative of practice, in both vertical and horizontal directions.
All fixtures and fittings expected to be installed shall be included in the vertical protective membrane test specimen
and the spacing of these shall be representative of practice. Such fixtures and fittings shall not be installed within
the test specimen at a distance of less than 500 mm from any of its edges.
Any combustible materials required to be present in the cavity, representing the practical situation, shall be
identified and their fire load density calculated.
6.2 Number of tests
Normally for a vertical protective membrane designed for one sided protection of a vertical structural building
member only one test shall be carried out.
Where a vertical protective membrane is manufactured with elements or components of variable size or may be
installed by different procedures, then a unique test shall be carried out on elements or components at maximum
and minimum size and with every expected installation procedure for which the sponsor requires approval.
Where a vertical protective membrane is designed to protect two or more sides of a structural building member and
the vertical protective membrane is the same on all sides then one test only shall be required. In this test the furnace
closure shall be the vertical protective membrane itself as given in 4.5.
Where a vertical protective membrane is designed to protect two or more sides of a structural building member and
the vertical protective membrane is not the same on all sides then unique tests shall be required for each type of
membrane, with each in turn presented to the furnace. Each test result shall be treated separately for field of direct
application purposes.
6.3 Size of test specimen
The size of the test construction and furnace aperture shall be at least 3 000 mm · 3 000 mm. The whole area of
the test construction shall be exposed to the furnace conditions.
If the vertical protective membrane in practice is less than 3 000 mm · 3 000 mm then the test specimen shall be
brought up to this size by the use of a supporting construction.
When the actual size is larger than can be accommodated in the furnace then a reduced size test specimen, of size
not less than 3 000 mm · 3 000 mm, including representative joints in both horizontal and vertical directions, shall
be used.
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
6.4 Structural building members
6.4.1 Standard vertical structural building members
Each test construction shall include at least two, possibly three, standard test columns, representing loadbearing
vertical structural building members.
The test column or columns, chosen by the sponsor, may be steel, concrete, concrete filled hollow steel or timber
according to the sponsor's wishes and the desired applicability of the test result (see Table 2). They may be tested
separately or different types of columns tested together.
When timber test columns are used together with other types of column, the final termination temperature shall be
that appropriate to the timber test column. Timber test columns will normally be tested separately for this reason.
Test columns shall have a height of (3 000 ± 50) mm and be securely fixed vertically in the test frame at the top and
bottom, with allowance for expansion.
Test columns shall be positioned:
i) two columns used : placed symmetrically at 1/3 and 2/3 exposed width;
ii) three columns used : placed symmetrically at ¼, ½ and ¾ exposed width;
with a clear space of (20 ± 10) mm between the test column and the furnace closure.
The separating gap between the test columns and the vertical protective membrane shall be defined by the sponsor,
be normally that to be used in practice but, however, be no less than 5 mm size.
The following structural building members upon which the test columns are based are considered to be standard
for this test method.
a) Steel test columns
The standard steel test column shall comprise a hot rolled H profile steel column of section type HEB 140 with
section depth of typically (140 ± 5) mm. The grade of steel used shall be any structural grade (S designation) to
EN 10025 or EN 10113 (excluding S185). Engineering grades (E designation) shall not be used.
Provision shall be made to minimise heat transfer from the ends of the steel column. The ends shall be protected
with insulation board or similar material.
b) Concrete test columns
The standard concrete test column shall possess a cross section of 150 mm · 200 mm. It shall be made from normal
concrete of density (2 300 ± 150) kg/m . The concrete shall be of type C20/25 or C25/30 prepared from silicious
aggregates, of maximum dimension of 20 mm and portland cement according to EN 206-1. It shall contain 12 mm
diameter reinforcing bars which shall be ribbed and of grade B 500 or comparable grade to ENV 10080. They shall
be covered by 20 mm to 25 mm of concrete. Permitted tolerances on size of reinforcing bars are given in
ENV 10080.
Other concrete grades within the strength range C20/25 to C50/60 and other non-silicious aggregates may be used,
however, the applicability of the result shall be restricted according to ENV 13381-3.
The concrete column shall be prepared in a smooth surfaced framework made from steel or timber. To facilitate its
release from the framework soluble oils or emulsions shall be used. The actual material used for this purpose shall
be described in detail in the test report.
The consistency of the wet concrete shall be of type S3 or F3 determined in accordance with EN 206-1, to allow
for good compaction and production of a smooth surface.
c) Concrete filled hollow steel test columns
The standard concrete filled hollow steel test column shall be prepared as described in ENV 13381-6, the grade of
steel and the concrete type, composition and strength shall be as specified in ENV 13381-6.
Steel plates shall be fixed to the top and bottom of the column as specified in ENV 13381-6.
Provision for the release of steam from the column shall be made, using steam release holes cut within the steel tube,
as specified in ENV 13381-6.
d) Timber test columns
The standard timber test column shall comprise softwood timber of density (450 ± 75) kg/m . It shall possess a cross
section of 100 mm · 50 mm.
6.4.2 Practical vertical structural members
The fire protection given by a vertical protective membrane to any practical vertical structural member (different
from those specified in 6.4.1) may be evaluated using the principles given in this test method, although the
application of the result is restricted to that tested.
6.5 Properties of test materials
Where appropriate, the actual properties of materials used in the structural building member tested (e.g. concrete
strength) shall be determined according to EN 1363-1, using an appropriate product test standard e.g. concrete
strength. Otherwise nominal values may be used e.g. for steel and wood based materials. The dimensions of the
structural building member used shall be measured.
The composition of the vertical protective membrane shall be specified by the sponsor and include, at least, its
expected nominal density, moisture content and heat capacity. For confidentiality reasons the sponsor may not wish
detailed formulation or composition details to be reported in the test report. Such data shall, however, be provided
and maintained in confidence in laboratory files.
The actual thickness, density and moisture content of the components of the vertical protective membrane shall be
measured and recorded, just prior to the time of test, on the components themselves or on special test samples taken
from the test component. These shall be conditioned as defined in clause 8.
The procedures appropriate to different types of material are given in annex A. The thickness of sprayed or coated
passive or reactive fire protection materials when used as component parts of vertical protective membranes shall
be measured in the proximity of each of the nine positions in the three cross sectional areas defined in 9.3.2 and
Figure 2.
The thickness of a board or panel type vertical protective membrane and its components should not deviate by more
than 15 % of the mean value over the whole of its surface. In this case, the mean value shall be used in the
assessment of the results and the limits of applicability of the assessment. If it deviates by more than 15 % the
maximum thickness recorded shall be used in the assessment.
The thickness of sprayed or coated passive or reactive type fire protection materials when used as component parts
of vertical protective membranes should not deviate by more than 20 % of the mean value over the whole of its
surface. In this case, the mean value shall be used in the assessment of the results and the limits of applicability of
the assessment. If it deviates by more than 20 % the maximum thickness recorded shall be used in the assessment.
The density of the vertical protective membrane shall be measured according to annex A and recorded. The density
should not deviate by more than 15 % of the mean value. In this case, the mean value shall be used in the assessment
of the results and the limits of applicability of the assessment. If it deviates by more than 15 % the maximum density
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
recorded shall be used in the assessment.
6.6 Verification of the test specimen
An examination and verification of the test specimen for conformity to specification shall be carried out as described
in EN 1363-1.
The properties of the materials used in the preparation of the test specimen shall be measured using special samples,
where necessary, as described in 6.5 using the methods given in annex A.
The sponsor shall verify materials contained within the test specimen which are applied by spray or coating for
compliance to design composition and specification using tests appropriate to the material.
6.7 Optional and additional steel plates within the cavity
At the request of the sponsor, where there is a need to obtain test data for use as direct input to the calculation of
fire resistance according to the procedures given in ENV 1992-1-2, ENV 1993-1-2, ENV 1994-1-2 and
ENV 1995-1-2 additional steel plates shall be used within the cavity.
Two such steel plates of size (1 000 mm · 300 mm · 10 mm shall be suspended vertically, in the long direction,
within the cavity, each with its top edge at ¾ furnace height. Each shall be placed symmetrically between or around
the test columns, depending upon the number of test columns used (see 6.4.1). They shall be placed halfway
between the vertical protective membrane and the furnace closure.
They shall be suspended from the top of the test frame by 10 mm diameter steel threaded rods or brackets of similar
cross sectional area. Thermal breaks shall be incorporated between each plate and its suspension device.
7 Installation of the test construction
The test column(s) shall be mounted vertically in the plane of the test frame and the furnace.
Steel test columns shall be installed with the flanges parallel to the surface of the vertical protective membrane.
Non-symmetrical concrete test columns shall be installed with the longer edge parallel to the surface of the vertical
protective membrane.
The vertical protective membrane test specimen when tested full size shall be installed in the opening in the test
frame in a manner representative of its use in practice.
Where a plinth or supporting construction is to be used to increase the size of the vertical protective membrane test
specimen, according to 4.4, then the test specimen shall be fixed to this and to the test frame in a manner
representative of its use in practice. The plinth or supporting construction shall have been installed and attached
within the test frame in a suitable manner.
The furnace closure shall be installed in the test frame according to 4.5.
The order in which the columns, furnace closure, supporting construction and protective membrane are installed
within the test frame shall be appropriate to practice.
8 Conditioning
The test construction and all its component materials plus test samples taken for the determination of material
properties (specified in 6.5) shall be conditioned according to EN 1363-1.
Material properties (specified in 6.5) shall be determined according to annex A and EN 1363-1.
The recommended conditioning time for concrete and concrete filled hollow steel columns is 90 days.
9 Application of instrumentation
9.1 General
The instrumentation for the measurement of temperature and furnace pressure shall comply with the requirements
of EN 1363-1.
9.2 Instrumentation for measurement of furnace temperature
Plate thermometers of the type specified in EN 1363-1 shall be provided to measure the temperature of the furnace.
They shall be uniformly distributed, with at least one centrally placed within every 1,5 m of the exposed test
specimen surface area, the exposed area being the nominal area measured in the plane of the specimen (see
Figure 2).
The plate thermometers shall be oriented so that side 'A' faces the floor of the furnace. For test specimens with less
than 6 m exposed area, a minimum of four plate thermometers shall be used.
9.3 Instrumentation for measurement of specimen temperature
9.3.1 General
Instrumentation shall be provided for the measurement and recording of cavity temperature, surface temperature
of the test specimen and the temperature at other optional locations.
9.3.2 Instrumentation for measuring cavity temperature
A total of nine thermocouples shall be used for measuring cavity temperatures, in sets of three, in each of three cross
sectional areas, (T - T in Figure 2). Each thermocouple in a set is separated horizontally from the next by
1 9
(750 ± 100) mm.
Area 1: central section, located halfway up the cavity;
Area 2: (1000 ± 100) mm above the central section;
Area 3: (1000 ± 100) mm below the central section.
These nine thermocouples shall be positioned half way between the vertical protective membrane and the furnace
closure.
They shall be of the double glass fibre insulated type specified in EN 1363-1.
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
9.3.3 Instrumentation for measuring surface temperatures
a) Standard building members
When standard building members of the type specified in 6.4.1 are used, three thermocouples per test column shall
be provided to measure surface temperatures of steel, concrete and concrete filled hollow steel column test columns
only.
These thermocouples shall be located on the forward surface or flange of each column, (thermocouples a - a given
1 6
in Figure 2), one in each of the three cross sectional areas for each column:
Area 1: central section, located halfway up the cavity;
Area 2: (1000 ± 100) mm above the central section;
Area 3: (1000 ± 100) mm below the central section.
Thermocouples for measuring surface temperature of the test columns shall be of the double glass fibre insulated
bare wire type specified, positioned and fixed according to EN 1363-1.
b) Non-standard test construction
When a non-standard test construction is tested, e.g. an actual practical vertical structural building member (see 6.1
and 6.4.2) instead of the standard building members of the type specified in 6.4.1, then in addition to the
thermocouples specified in 9.3.3 a), five thermocouples located on the rear, outside, surface of the furnace closure
(thermocouples c to c given in Figure 2) shall be used.
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These shall be of the copper disc type specified in EN 1363-1. They shall be positioned and fixed as specified in
EN 1363-1.
9.3.4 Optional and supplementary instrumentation for measuring temperature
a) To generate data for use in calculation of fire resistance
Where the sponsor requires temperature data for use as direct input to the calculation of fire resistance according
to the procedures given in ENV 1992-1-2, ENV 1993-1-2, ENV 1994-1-2 and ENV 1995-1-2 the following shall
be used within the cavity:
- Four thermocouples (SP to SP ), one located at each of 1/3 and 2/3 height on each of the steel plates suspended
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within the cavity (as specified in 6.7). They shall be of the double glass fibre insulated bare wire type,
positioned and fixed as specified in EN 1363-1.
The following may also be considered:
- Four plate thermometers (PT1 to PT4 as defined in EN 1363-1), placed in pairs adjacent to each steel plate (see
Figure 2). In each pair one shall be oriented so that side 'A' faces towards the vertical protective membrane and
the other shall also be oriented so that side 'A' faces horizontally, but sideways across the breadth of the cavity
towards its partner in the pair.
b) To generate other optional data
Other thermocouples may be used to generate optional data at the request of the sponsor. These shall all be of the
appropriate type and fixing specified in EN 1363-1. These include:
 Five thermocouples located on the rear, outside, surface of the furnace closure when standard building members
are used (thermocouples c to c given in Figure 2).
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 Six thermocouples, three per test column, to measure temperatures of the rear surface or flange of steel, concrete
and concrete filled hollow steel column test columns only. These thermocouples (a - a given in Figure 2), shall
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be located one in each of the same three cross sectional areas on the column as those thermocouples located on the
forward surface or flange.
 Five thermocouples located on the forward surface of the furnace closure within the cavity (thermocouples b to b
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given in Figure 2).
 Up to three thermocouples located on the rear face of the vertical protective membrane not exposed to fire
(thermocouples d to d given in Figure 2). These shall be located:
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i) one thermocouple in the centre of the membrane. If the membrane is made up of panels then this thermocouple
shall be placed at the centre of a panel;
ii) one thermocouple at a vertical membrane joint if included;
iii) one thermocouple at a horizontal membrane joint if included.
9.4 Instrumentation for measurement of pressure
Instrumentation for measuring pressure within the furnace shall be provided, located and used as specified in
EN 1363-1.
10 Test procedure
10.1 General
Carry out checks for thermocouple consistency and establish data points for temperature as specified in EN 1363-1
before commencement of the test and the procedures given in 10.2 to 10.5.
10.2 Furnace temperature and pressure
Measure and record the furnace temperature using the thermocouples defined in 9.2 and the furnace pressure in
accordance with the procedures and frequency specified in EN 1363-1.
Control the furnace temperature according to the data received from the furnace temperature measurement
thermocouples to the criteria of EN 1363-1.
Control the furnace pressure to the criteria of EN 1363-1.
10.3 Temperatures of the test specimen
Measure and record the temperature within the cavity and upon the surface of the test columns using the
thermocouples specified in 9.3.2 and 9.3.3, at intervals not exceeding 1 minute. Where any of the supplementary
and optional thermocouples specified in 9.3.4 are used measure and record the temperatures from these at intervals
not exceeding 1 minute.
10.4 Observations
Wherever practical, monitor the general behaviour of the test specimen, especially the vertical protective membrane,
throughout the test and record the occurrence of cracking, fissuring, deterioration, delamination or similar behaviour
as described in EN 1363-1.
ENV 13381-2: 2002 (E)
10.5 Termination of the test
Terminate the test when the mean temperature recorded by all nine thermocouples within the cavity, specified in
9.3.2, reaches the appropriate limiting temperature for the test columns used (specified in 13.2.4) or until any
individual temperature recorded within the cavity rises to 750 °C for steel, concrete or concrete filled hollow steel
columns and 500 °C for timber columns or when one or more of the reasons for termination, specified in
EN 1363-1, occurs.
11 Test results
11.1 Acceptability of test results
It is possible that within any test apparently erroneous results may occur through failure of thermocouples, abnormal
behaviour of the test specimen etc. The criteria for acceptability of temperature data given in EN 1363-1 shall be
observed.
11.2 Presentation of test results
The following shall be reported within the test report:
a) the results of measured dimensions and actual material properties, especially the thickness, density and moisture
contents of the test specimen and its components, together with those values to be used in the assessment, as
defined in 6.5;
b) the individual results of all furnace temperature measurements and the mean of all individual furnace
temperature measurements, taken as specified in EN 1363-1, graphically presented and compared with the
specified requirements and tolerances given in EN 1363-1;
The individua
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