EN ISO 12311:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2013
Osebna varovalna oprema - Preskusne metode za sončna očala in podobno
opremo (ISO 12311:2013, popravljena verzija 2014-08-15)
Personal protective equipment - Test methods for sunglasses and related eyewear (ISO
12311:2013, Corrected version 2014-08-15)
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Prüfverfahren für Sonnenbrillen und ähnlichen
Augenschutz (ISO 12311:2013)
Équipement de protection individuelle - Méthodes d'essai pour lunettes de soleil et
articles de lunetterie associés (ISO 12311:2013, Version corrigée 2014-08-15)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12311:2013
ICS:
11.040.70 Oftalmološka oprema Ophthalmic equipment
13.340.20 Varovalna oprema za glavo Head protective equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12311
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2013
ICS 13.340.20
English Version
Personal protective equipment - Test methods for sunglasses
and related eyewear (ISO 12311:2013, Corrected version 2014-
08-15)
Équipement de protection individuelle - Méthodes d'essai Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Prüfverfahren für
pour lunettes de soleil et articles de lunetterie associés (ISO Sonnenbrillen und ähnlichen Augenschutz (ISO
12311:2013, Version corrigée 2014-08-15) 12311:2013, korrigierte Fassung 2014-08-15)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12311:2013 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC .4

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 12311:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94 “Personal safety
- Protective clothing and equipment” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 85 “Eye protective
equipment” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12311:2013, Corrected version 2014-08-15 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO
12311:2013 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of the EU Directive
89/686/EEC on PPE.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this
standard, together with the relevant requirements given in the product standards, confers within the limits of
the scope of those standards, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of
that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12311
First edition
2013-08-01
Corrected version
2014-08-15
Personal protective equipment — Test
methods for sunglasses and related
eyewear
Équipement de protection individuelle — Méthodes d’essai pour
lunettes de soleil et articles de lunetterie associés
Reference number
ISO 12311:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
ISO 12311:2013(E)
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Prerequisites . 1
5 General test requirements . 2
6 Test methods for assessing the construction and materials . 2
6.1 Prior assessment of construction, marking and information . 2
6.2 Test method for assessment of filter material and surface quality. 2
7 Test methods for measuring spectrophotometric properties . 3
7.1 Measurement of spectral transmittance τ(λ). 3
7.2 Measurement of uniformity of luminous transmittance . 5
7.3 Calculation of ultraviolet transmittance . 7
7.4 Calculation of solar blue-light transmittance τ .
sb 9
7.5 Calculation of solar IR transmittance τ .
SIR 9
7.6 Measurement of absolute spectral reflectance ρ(λ) . 9
7.7 Absolute luminous reflectance ρ .
V 10
7.8 Calculation of relative visual attenuation quotient for signal light detection Q .
signal 11
7.9 Wide angle scatter .11
7.10 Polarizing filters .14
7.11 Photochromic filters .17
8 Test methods for measuring optical properties .19
8.1 Test method for spherical, astigmatic and prismatic refractive powers .19
8.2 Test method for the prism imbalance of complete sunglasses or filters covering
both eyes .23
8.3 Test method for local variations in refractive power .25
9 Test methods for mechanical properties .30
9.1 Test method for minimum robustness of filters.30
9.2 Test method for impact resistance of filters, strength level 1 .33
9.3 Test method for impact resistance of sunglasses, strength level 1 .35
9.4 Test method for impact resistance of sunglasses, strength level 2 .36
9.5 Test method for impact resistance of sunglasses, strength level 3 .37
9.6 Test method for frame deformation and filter retention .39
9.7 Test method for increased endurance of sunglasses .42
9.8 Test method for resistance to solar radiation .46
9.9 Test method for resistance to ignition .48
9.10 Test for resistance to perspiration of the sunglass frame .48
Annex A (normative) Application of uncertainty of measurement .52
Annex B (informative) Sources of uncertainty in spectrophotometry and their estimation
and control .54
Annex C (informative) Definitions in summations form .61
Annex D (normative) Product of the energy distribution of Standard Illuminant D65 as specified
in ISO 11664-2 and the spectral visibility function of the average human eye for daylight
vision as specified in ISO 11664-1 .65
Annex E (normative) Spectral functions for the calculation of solar UV and solar blue light
transmittance values .66
Annex F (normative) Spectral distribution of solar irradiance in the infrared spectrum for the
[7]
calculation of the solar infrared transmittance .68
ISO 12311:2013(E)
Annex G (normative) Reference test headforms .70
Annex H (normative) Spectral distribution of radiation in incandescent signal lights weighted by
the sensitivity of the human eye V(λ).72
Annex I (informative) Spectral distribution of radiation in LED signal lights weighted by the
sensitivity of the human eye V(λ) .75
Annex J (normative) Long wavelength pass filter .78
Annex K (informative) Method of variable distance for the calibration of the telescope .82
Annex L (normative) Method to correct transmittance for variations in thickness of the filter .84
Bibliography .85
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 94, Personal safety — Protective clothing and
equipment, Subcommittee SC 6, Eye and face protection.
This corrected version of ISO 12311:2013 incorporates the following correction:
— the second paragraph of 9.7.3.1 has been added.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12311:2013(E)
Personal protective equipment — Test methods for
sunglasses and related eyewear
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies reference test methods for determining the properties of
sunglasses given in ISO 12312 (all parts). It is applicable to all sunglasses and related eyewear.
Other test methods may be used if proven to be equivalent.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD)
ISO 1042:1998, Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric flasks
ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 4007, Personal protective equipment — Eye and face protection — Vocabulary
ISO 8596, Ophthalmic optics — Visual acuity testing — Standard optotype and its presentation
ISO 11664-1, Colorimetry — Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
ISO 11664-2, Colorimetry — Part 2: CIE standard illuminants
ISO 12312-1:2013, Eye and face protection — Sunglasses and related eyewear — Part 1: Sunglasses for
general use
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4007 apply.
4 Prerequisites
The following parameters shall be specified prior to testing [see ISO 12312 (all parts)]:
— the number of specimens;
— specimen preparation;
— any conditioning prior to testing;
— characteristics to be assessed subjectively (inappropriate);
ISO 12311:2013(E)
— pass/fail criteria.
5 General test requirements
Unless otherwise specified, the values stated in this International Standard are expressed as nominal
values. Except for temperature limits, values which are not stated as maxima or minima shall be subject
to a tolerance of ± 5 %. Unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature for testing shall be between
16 °C and 32 °C. Where other temperature limits are specified they shall be subject to an accuracy of
± 1 °C. Relative humidity shall be maintained at (50 ± 20) %.
Unless otherwise specified, the filters shall be tested at the reference points as defined in ISO 4007.
6 Test methods for assessing the construction and materials
6.1 Prior assessment of construction, marking and information
Prior to applying the test methods, a visual inspection shall be carried out with normal or corrected
vision, without magnification. Marking and information supplied by the manufacturer and safety data
sheets (if applicable) or declaration relevant to the materials used in its construction shall also be
assessed.
6.2 Test method for assessment of filter material and surface quality
6.2.1 Principle
The quality of the filter material and surface is assessed by visual inspection.
6.2.2 Apparatus
A suitable apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 lamp
2 adjustable opaque dull black mask
3 near vision distance (≈300)
4 dull black background (200 × 360)
Figure 1 — Arrangement of apparatus for assessment of quality of material and surface
6.2.3 Test procedure
Carry out the assessment of the quality of material and surface by visual inspection with the aid of a
“light box” or illuminated grid.
NOTE One method of inspection in current use consists of an illuminated grid as a background to be viewed
through the filter which is held at various distances from the eye. Another method is to illuminate the filter by
means of a fluorescent lamp mounted within a dull black chamber and with the amount of illumination adjusted
by means of an adjustable opaque black mask. A suitable arrangement is shown in Figure 1.
6.2.4 Verification and test report
Except for a marginal area 5 mm wide at the edge of the eye protector, any significant defects likely to
impair vision in use shall be recorded in the verification and test report.
7 Test methods for measuring spectrophotometric properties
7.1 Measurement of spectral transmittance τ(λ)
7.1.1 Spectral transmittance
7.1.1.1 General
Test methods shall be used which have relative uncertainties in spectral transmittance less than or
equal to those given in Table 1.
ISO 12311:2013(E)
Table 1 — Relative uncertainty of measured spectral transmittance
Spectral transmittance value
Uncertainty
%
Less than % to %
100 17,8 ±2 absolute
17,8 0,44 ±10 relative
0,44 0,023 ±15 relative
0,023 0,0012 ±20 relative
0,0012 0,000023 ±30 relative
The general methods of evaluating the components of uncertainty are set out in ISO/IEC Guide 98-
3. Annex A shows how uncertainty of measurement is to be applied in the reporting of results and
compliance and Annex B is a guide to the sources of uncertainty in spectrophotometry, their minimization
and evaluation.
The location and direction of measurement of transmittance shall be as specified in ISO 12312-1. If the
measurements are not made normal to the surface of the filter, then particular attention should be paid
to the effects of beam displacement (see Annex B). If the direction of measurement is not specified then
it shall be measured normal to the surface of the filter when unmounted.
Calculations shall be carried out at not more than 5 nm intervals (∆λ = 5 nm) in the ultraviolet-visible
region (280 nm to 780 nm) and not more than 10 nm in the infrared region (780 nm to 2 000 nm). The
necessary data at these intervals are provided in Annexes D, E, F, H and I.
7.1.1.2 Test procedure
Place the filter in order to follow the location and direction of measurement of transmittance as specified
in ISO 12312-1.
7.1.2 Calculations of luminous transmittance τ
V
Luminous transmittance is calculated as a percentage from the spectral transmittances and with
reference to a standard observer and a source or illuminant. For the purposes of this International
Standard all calculations use the CIE 2° Standard Observer [ISO 11664-1 and CIE Standard Illuminant
D65 (ISO 11664-2)].
τλ()⋅⋅SV()λλ()⋅ dλ
∫ D65
τ =×100 (1)
V
SV()λλ⋅⋅() dλ
D65
∫
where
λ is the wavelength of the light in nanometres;
τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance of the filter;
V(λ) is the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision;
S (λ) is the spectral distribution of radiation of CIE Standard Illuminant D65 (see ISO 11664-2).
D65
The values of S (λ).V(λ) are given in Annex D.
D65
NOTE These calculations are normally carried out as summations and not as integrations. The equivalent
summations are provided in Annex C.
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
7.2 Measurement of uniformity of luminous transmittance
7.2.1 Unmounted filters covering one eye
7.2.1.1 Test method
Locate the defined reference point defined in ISO 4007. Determine a circular area around the reference
point with diameter d calculated as follows (see Figure 2):
a) for filters equal to or greater than 50 mm in vertical depth at the reference point, d = (40,0 ± 0,5) mm;
b) for filters less than 50 mm in vertical depth at the reference point, d = [vertical depth of filter
(h) - 10 ± 0,5] mm.
A 5 mm wide portion around the edge of the filter shall be excluded from this circular area.
Scan this circular area with a 5 mm nominal diameter light beam white light or a narrow spectral band
with a maximum spectral energy at (555 ± 25) nm and measure the luminous transmittance with a
detector whose spectral responsivity approximates that of the CIE 2° Standard Observer (ISO 11664-1).
The effects of displacement of the light beam by any prismatic effect of the filter (see B.3.4.1) shall be
compensated for, and variations in thickness shall be corrected as in Annex L.
For filters with bands or gradients of different luminous transmittance, the requirement for variations
in luminous transmittance applies in this circular area but perpendicular to the gradient (see Figure 2).
Two example scans perpendicular to the gradient are shown in Figure 2.
Dimensions in millimetres
a) d = (40 ±0,5)
b) d = ((h-10) ±0,5)
Key
1 light beam 5 mm diameter
2 reference point
3 geometric or boxed centre
Figure 2 — Luminous transmittance uniformity measurement for filters with bands or
gradients of different luminous transmittance
The filter and the light beam are positioned so that the incident light falls normally on the surface of the
filter at the reference point or parallel to that direction at other locations on the filter.
Measure and record the maximum value of luminous transmittance τ , and the minimum value of
vmax
luminous transmittance τ .
vmin
ISO 12311:2013(E)
7.2.1.2 Calculations
Calculate the value of ∆ as percentage, from the following formulae:
F
()ττ−
vmax vmin
Δ =×100 (2)
F
τ
vmax
where
τ is the maximum value of luminous transmittance;
vmax
τ is the minimum value of luminous transmittance.
vmin
7.2.1.3 Test report
Record Δ as the uniformity of luminous transmittance.
F
7.2.2 Mounted filters and unmounted filters covering both eyes
7.2.2.1 Test method
Locate the defined reference points defined in ISO 4007. Define two circular areas around the reference
points with diameter d, calculated as follows:
Circular areas are determined around each of these centres with diameters d, calculated as follows:
a) for filters equal to or greater than 50 mm in vertical depth at the reference point, d = (40,0 ± 0,5) mm;
b) for filters less than 50 mm in vertical depth at the reference point, d = [vertical depth of filter
(h) - 10 ± 0,5] mm.
A 5 mm wide portion around the edge of the filter shall be excluded from this circular area.
Scan this circular area with a 5 mm nominal diameter light beam white light or a narrow spectral band
with a maximum spectral energy at (555 ± 25) nm and measure the luminous transmittance with a
detector whose spectral responsivity approximates that of the CIE 2° Standard Observer (ISO 11664-1).
The effects of displacement of the light beam by the any prismatic effect of the filter (see B.3.4.1) shall be
compensated for and variations in thickness shall be corrected as in Annex L.
For filters with bands or gradients of different luminous transmittance, assessments of variations in
luminous transmittance shall be for sections parallel to the line joining the reference points.
Measure and record the value of luminous transmittance τ at the left eye reference point and the value
VL
of luminous transmittance τ at the right eye reference point.
VR
6 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
7.2.2.2 Calculations
Divide the absolute difference between the values of the luminous transmittance at the two reference
points τ and τ by the higher value of the luminous transmittance at one of the two reference points
VL VR
and express this ratio, as a percentage Δ .
P
ττ−
VR
VL
Δ =×100 (3)
P
max,()ττ
VR VL
where
τ is the value of luminous transmittance at the reference point of the left filter;
VL
τ is the value of luminous transmittance at the reference point of the right filter.
VR
EXAMPLE If one filter transmits 38,0 % and the other transmits 40,0 %, then the result is 100 ×
(2,0/40,0) = 5,0 %.
7.2.2.3 Test report
Record the value Δ as a percentage.
P
7.3 Calculation of ultraviolet transmittance
7.3.1 Solar UV-transmittance τ
SUV
The calculation of τ (see ISO 4007) as a percentage is:
SUV
380 380
τλ ⋅ESλλ⋅ ⋅ dλ τλ ⋅W λλ⋅ d
() () () () ()
s
∫ ∫
280 280
τ =×100 = 1100× (4)
SUV
380 380
ESλλ⋅ ⋅ dλ W λλ⋅ d
() () ()
s
∫ ∫
280 280
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance;
[7]
E (λ) is the solar radiation at sea level for air mass 2;
S
[8]
S(λ) is the relative spectral effectiveness function for UV radiation;
W(λ) = E (λ)·S(λ) and is the complete weighting function of this product.
S
The values of E (λ), S(λ) and W(λ) are given in Annex E.
S
7.3.2 Solar UVA-transmittance τ
SUVA
Solar UVA-transmittance is the result of the mean of the spectral transmittance between 315 nm and
380 nm and appropriate weighting functions.
ISO 12311:2013(E)
The calculation of τ (see ISO 4007) as a percentage is as follows:
SUVA
τλ()⋅⋅ES()λλ()⋅dλ
τλ()⋅⋅W()λλd
S
∫
∫
τ =×100 = 1000× (5)
SUVA
380 380
ES()λλ⋅⋅() dλ W()λλ⋅d
S
∫ ∫
315 315
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance;
[7]
E (λ) is the solar radiation at sea level for air mass 2;
S
[8]
S(λ) is the relative spectral effectiveness function for UV radiation;
W(λ) = E (λ)·S(λ) and is the complete weighting function of this product.
S
The values of E ( λ), S(λ) and W(λ) are given in Annex E.
S
7.3.3 Solar UVB-transmittance τ
SUVB
Solar UVB-transmittance is the result of the mean of the spectral transmittance between 280 nm and
315 nm and appropriate weighting functions.
The calculation of τ (see ISO 4007) as a percentage is as follows:
SUVB
τλ()⋅⋅ES()λλ()⋅dλ
τλ()⋅⋅W()λλd
S
∫
∫
τ =×100 =×100 (6)
SUVB
315 315
W()λλ⋅d
ES()λλ⋅⋅() dλ
S
∫
∫∫
280 280
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance;
[7]
E (λ) is the solar radiation at sea level for air mass 2;
S
[8]
S(λ) is the relative spectral effectiveness function for UV radiation;
W(λ) = E (λ).S(λ) and is the complete weighting function of this product.
S
The values of E (λ), S(λ) and W(λ) are given in Annex E.
S
8 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
7.4 Calculation of solar blue-light transmittance τ
sb
Solar blue-light transmittance is the result of the mean of the spectral transmittance between 380 nm
and 500 nm and appropriate weighting functions. The calculation of τ (see ISO 4007) as a percentage
sb
is as follows:
500 500
τλ ⋅EBλλ⋅ ⋅dλ τλ ⋅W λλ⋅d
() () () () ()
B
s
∫ ∫
380 380
τ =×100 = 1000× (7)
sb
500 500
EBλλ⋅ ⋅dλ W λλ⋅d
() () ()
s B
∫ ∫
380 380
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance;
[7]
E (λ) is the solar radiation at sea level for air mass 2;
S
[9]
B(λ) is the blue-light hazard function;
W (λ) = E (λ)·B(λ) and is the complete weighting function of this product.
B S
The values of E (λ), B(λ) and W (λ) are given in Annex E.
S B
7.5 Calculation of solar IR transmittance τ
SIR
The calculation of solar IR transmittance τ (see ISO 4007) as a percentage is obtained by integration
SIR
between the limits 780 nm and 2 000 nm as follows:
τλ()⋅⋅E ()λλd
s
∫
τ =×100 (8)
SIR
E ()λλ⋅d
s
∫
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
τ (λ) is the spectral transmittance;
[7]
E (λ) is the spectral distribution of solar radiation at sea level for air mass 2.
S
The values of E (λ) are given in Annex F.
S
7.6 Measurement of absolute spectral reflectance ρ(λ)
The test methods to be used shall have relative uncertainties in spectral reflectance less than or equal
to those given in Table 2. The angle of incidence is to be ≤ 17°
ISO 12311:2013(E)
Table 2 — Relative uncertainty of measured spectral reflectance
Spectral reflectance value
Uncertainty
%
Less than % to %
100 2,5 ±5 % relative
2,5 ±10 % relative
If measurements are made without the use of an integrating sphere, care shall be taken to ensure that
all the reflected light is collected since the beam reflected from a curved surface will be divergent or
[10]
convergent and part of it may fall outside the detector. See Reference for guidance.
7.7 Absolute luminous reflectance ρ
V
The calculation of ρ as a percentage is obtained by the ratio of the luminous flux reflected by the filter
V
Φ to the incident flux Φ as follows:
R I
ρλ()⋅⋅VS()λλ()⋅dλ
D65
∫
Φ
R 380
ρ =×100 =×100 (9)
V
Φ
I
VS()λλ⋅⋅() dλ
D65
∫
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
ρ(λ) is the spectral reflectance of the filter at wavelength λ;
V(λ) is the relative sensitivity of the human eye as defined in ISO 11664-1;
S (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of CIE Standard Illuminant D65 as defined in
D65
ISO 11664-2.
The values of S (λ)·V(λ) are given in Annex D.
D65
10 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
7.8 Calculation of relative visual attenuation quotient for signal light detection Q
signal
The quotient of signal detection has the following relationship of τ and τ
signal v
τ
signal
Q = (10)
signal
τ
v
where
τλ()⋅⋅SV()λλ()⋅ dλ
D65
∫
τ =×100 (11)
V
SV()λλ⋅⋅() dλ
D65
∫
and
τλ()⋅⋅EV()λλ()⋅dλ
signal
∫
τ =×100 (12)
signal
EV()λλ⋅ ( ))⋅dλ
signal
∫
where
λ is the wavelength in nanometres;
τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance;
V(λ) is the relative sensitivity of the human eye as defined in ISO 11664-1;
S (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of CIE Standard Illuminant D65 as defined in
D65
ISO 11664-2;
E (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of the red, yellow, green and blue traffic signals.
signal
The values of S (λ)·V(λ) are given in Annex D and the values of E (λ)·V(λ) for incandescent signals
D65 signal
are given in Annex H and for LED signals in Annex I.
7.9 Wide angle scatter
7.9.1 Principle
A hazemeter is used to measure the amount of light which deviates from an incident beam by being
scattered forward when the beam passes through a specimen, compared to the amount scattered by the
test instrument and the amount transmitted by the specimen.
7.9.2 Apparatus
7.9.2.1 Incandescent light source approximating CIE Standard Illuminant A (ISO 11664-2).
7.9.2.2 Hazemeter with integrating sphere, light trap, photodiode and reflectance standard (see
Figure 3) as follows:
ISO 12311:2013(E)
a) The integrating sphere shall have:
1) a total port area not exceeding 4,0 % of the total internal reflecting area of the sphere;
2) the entrance and exit ports separated by at least 170°;
3) the exit port subtending 8° at the centre of the entrance port;
4) the photodiode (90 ± 10)° from the entrance port; and
5) all internal surfaces (including the reflectance standard for the exit port) covered with a
substance of high reflectance for wavelengths between 380 nm and 780 nm.
NOTE 1 A barium sulfate paint may be suitable.
b) The light trap shall have a reflectance of less than 0,1 %.
c) The photodiode shall provide proportional measurements of the radiant flux to within 1 % of the
incident flux, across the range of intensity used within the test.
d) These components shall be arranged so that the irradiating beam shall:
1) have the axis of the beam passing through the centre of the entrance and exit ports;
2) be unidirectional, with no ray of the beam deviating from the direction of the axis of the beam
by greater than 3°;
3) when there is no specimen obstructing the beam, have a circular cross-section at the exit port,
while the diameter of the exit port shall exceed the diameter of the irradiating beam so that
there is an annular zone around the beam subtending (1,3 ± 0,1)° at the entrance port;
4) when a specimen covers the entrance port, not form an angle greater than 8° between the axis
of the beam and the normal to the surface of that specimen; and
5) when there is no specimen obstructing the beam, be completely absorbed by the light trap (if
used).
NOTE 2 Although wide angle scatter measurements are made most commonly by the use of a hazemeter, a
spectrophotometer can be used, provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements of this subclause.
A spectrophotometer is necessary when the luminous transmittance, τ of the filter is below about 15 %.
V
7.9.3 Specimen
The size of the specimen can vary with the size of the entrance port and the surface curvature of the
integrating sphere. The specimen shall be large enough to completely cover the entrance port but shall
be small enough to be tangential to the wall of the integrating sphere.
7.9.4 Test procedure
Carry out the procedure as follows.
a) Measure the incident light (τ ) without the specimen in position, without the light trap in position
and with the reflectance standard in position.
b) Measure the total light transmitted by the specimen (τ ) with the specimen in position, without the
light trap in position and with the reflectance standard in position.
c) Measure the light scattered by the instrument (τ ) without the specimen in position, with the light
trap in position, and without the reflectance standard in position.
d) Measure the light scattered by the instrument and specimen (τ ) with the specimen in position,
with the light trap in position and without the reflectance standard in position.
12 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
e) Repeat step (b) so that four readings are obtained, rotating the specimen between readings by 90°.
f) Repeat step (d) so that four readings are obtained at the same positions as in step (e).
7.9.5 Calculation
The following shall be calculated:
The average values of τ and τ ( ττand ) .
2 4 24
a) The total transmittance from the formula:
τ
τ = (13)
t
τ
b) The scattered light from the formula:
 
τ
ττ=−τ . τ (14)
 4 
d 3 1
τ
 1 
c) The wide angle scatter, expressed as a percentage, from the formula:
τ
d
wide angle scatter= ×100 (15)
τ
t
Key
1 source
2 condenser
3 entrance window
4 lens
5 baffles
6 photocell
7 light trap
8 specimen
9 aperture
10 filter
Figure 3 — Diagram of typical equipment for the measurement of wide angle scatter
8°
4° ±0,1°
ISO 12311:2013(E)
7.9.6 Test report
Report the wide angle scatter value.
7.10 Polarizing filters
7.10.1 Plane of transmission
7.10.1.1 Apparatus
7.10.1.1.1 Pair of individually mounted split field polarizers cut to give planes of transmission at
a + 3° and a - 3° angle about the horizontal, or the prescribed axis. The top and bottom halves of the
polarizers shall be joined together and glass mounted, with the line of the join horizontal or perpendicular
to the prescribed axis. The polarizers shall be capable of being rotated by means of a lever carrying a
corresponding pointer. The pointer transverses a scale calibrated in degrees left or right of zero. The split
fields shall be illuminated from behind by a diffused light source (see Figure 3).
7.10.1.2 Test procedure
Mount the sunglass on the apparatus (see Figure 4), with the front towards the split fields on a horizontal
register bar and ensure that the split field appears in the centre of the filter by means of vertical adjusters
and that the pantoscopic angle and the face form angle are ‘as worn’.
For the left filter, move the lever from side to side until the top and bottom halves of the illuminated split
field appear of equal luminance when viewed through the filter.
Read off the pointer position to give the deviation in degrees (plus or minus) of the plane of transmission
of the filter from the horizontal or the prescribed orientation. Repeat the procedures for the right filter.
14 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 12311:2013(E)
Key
1 scales
2 top register bar
3 split-field polarizers
4 bottom register bar
5 split-field rotation lever
6 side view
Figure 4 — Apparatus for the determination of the plane of transmission
7.10.2 Polarizing efficiency
7.10.2.1 Principle
The luminous transmittance for visible light is measured with plane polarized light with the plane of
oscillation set to provide the maximum and the minimum transmittance of the lens. This can be done
by a spectrophotometric method and calculation method (the reference method) or, in a broadband
method using a detector with the sensitivity of the human eye (peak at 555 nm) and a source equivalent
to CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
7.10.2.2 Test procedure for the spectrophotometric method
Carry out the procedure as follows.
a) Mount the linear polarizers with their planes of transmission parallel in the reference and sample
beams of the spectrophotometer. The linear polarizers shall have a polarization at least one order
of magnitude better than the requirement being tested against [e.g. if the requirement for the filter
is a polarizing efficiency of 80 % (9:1) then the linear polarizers shall have an efficiency of at least
97,5 % (90:1)].
b) Mount the polarizing filter in the spectrophotometer.
...