EN 15898:2019
(Main)Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms and definitions
Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms and definitions
This document defines the main general terms used in the field of conservation of cultural heritage with particular attention to those terms which have wide use or significance.
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe
Dieses Dokument definiert die wichtigsten allgemeinen Begriffe im Bereich der Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von weithin verbreiteten und bedeutsamen Begriffen.
Conservation de patrimoine culturel - Principaux termes généraux et définitions
Le présent document définit les principaux termes généraux employés dans le domaine de la conservation-restauration du patrimoine culturel en accordant une attention particulière aux termes dont l'usage est répandu ou l'importance reconnue.
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Splošni izrazi in definicije
Ta evropski standard določa glavne splošne izraze, ki se uporabljajo na področju ohranjanja kulturne dediščine, pri čemer je posebna pozornost posvečena tistim izrazom, ki so v splošni uporabi ali imajo širši pomen.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15898:2011
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Splošni izrazi in definicije
Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms and definitions
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe
Conservation de patrimoine culturel - Principaux termes généraux et définitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15898:2019
ICS:
01.040.97 Oprema za dom in trgovino. Domestic and commercial
Razvedrilo. Šport (Slovarji) equipment. Entertainment.
Sports (Vocabularies)
97.195 Umetniški in obrtniški izdelki. Items of art and handicrafts.
Kulturne dobrine in kulturna Cultural property and
dediščina heritage
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 15898
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.97; 97.195 Supersedes EN 15898:2011
English Version
Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms and
definitions
Conservation de patrimoine culturel - Principaux Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe
termes généraux et définitions
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15898:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 15898
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
Novembre 2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD
ICS 01.040.97; 97.195 Remplace l' EN 15898:2011
Version Française
Conservation de patrimoine culturel - Principaux termes
généraux et définitions
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms
and definitions
La présente Norme européenne a été adoptée par le CEN le 28 juillet 2019.
Les membres du CEN sont tenus de se soumettre au Règlement Intérieur du CEN/CENELEC, qui définit les conditions dans
lesquelles doit être attribué, sans modification, le statut de norme nationale à la Norme européenne. Les listes mises à jour et les
références bibliographiques relatives à ces normes nationales peuvent être obtenues auprès du Centre de Gestion du CEN-
CENELEC ou auprès des membres du CEN.
La présente Norme européenne existe en trois versions officielles (allemand, anglais, français). Une version dans une autre
langue faite par traduction sous la responsabilité d'un membre du CEN dans sa langue nationale et notifiée au Centre de Gestion
du CEN-CENELEC, a le même statut que les versions officielles.
Les membres du CEN sont les organismes nationaux de normalisation des pays suivants: Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Bulgarie,
Chypre, Croatie, Danemark, Espagne, Estonie, Finlande, France, Grèce, Hongrie, Irlande, Islande, Italie, Lettonie, Lituanie,
Luxembourg, Malte, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portugal, République de Macédoine du Nord, République de Serbie, République
Tchèque, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, Slovaquie, Slovénie, Suède, Suisse et Turquie.
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Bruxelles
© 2019 CEN Tous droits d'exploitation sous quelque forme et de quelque manière Réf. n° EN 15898:2019 F
que ce soit réservés dans le monde entier aux membres nationaux du
CEN.
EN 15898
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EUROPEAN STANDARD
November 2019
NORME EUROPÉENNE
ICS 01.040.97; 97.195 Ersetzt EN 15898:2011
Deutsche Fassung
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe
Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms Conservation de patrimoine culturel - Principaux
and definitions termes généraux et définitions
Diese Europäische Norm wurde vom CEN am 28. Juli 2019 angenommen.
Die CEN-Mitglieder sind gehalten, die CEN/CENELEC-Geschäftsordnung zu erfüllen, in der die Bedingungen festgelegt sind, unter
denen dieser Europäischen Norm ohne jede Änderung der Status einer nationalen Norm zu geben ist. Auf dem letzten Stand
befindliche Listen dieser nationalen Normen mit ihren bibliographischen Angaben sind beim CEN-CENELEC-Management-
Zentrum oder bei jedem CEN-Mitglied auf Anfrage erhältlich.
Diese Europäische Norm besteht in drei offiziellen Fassungen (Deutsch, Englisch, Französisch). Eine Fassung in einer anderen
Sprache, die von einem CEN-Mitglied in eigener Verantwortung durch Übersetzung in seine Landessprache gemacht und dem
Management-Zentrum mitgeteilt worden ist, hat den gleichen Status wie die offiziellen Fassungen.
CEN-Mitglieder sind die nationalen Normungsinstitute von Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Deutschland, Estland, Finnland,
Frankreich, Griechenland, Irland, Island, Italien, Kroatien, Lettland, Litauen, Luxemburg, Malta, den Niederlanden, Norwegen,
Österreich, Polen, Portugal, der Republik Nordmazedonien, Rumänien, Schweden, der Schweiz, Serbien, der Slowakei, Slowenien,
Spanien, der Tschechischen Republik, der Türkei, Ungarn, dem Vereinigten Königreich und Zypern.
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
CEN-CENELEC Management-Zentrum: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brüssel
© 2019 CEN Alle Rechte der Verwertung, gleich in welcher Form und in welchem Ref. Nr. EN 15898:2019 D
Verfahren, sind weltweit den nationalen Mitgliedern von CEN
vorbehalten.
Contents Sommaire Inhalt
Page Page Seite
European foreword . 3 Avant-propos européen . 3 Europäisches Vorwort .3
0 Introduction . 6 0 Introduction . 6 0 Einleitung .6
0.1 General observations . 6 0.1 Observations générales . 6 0.1 Allgemeines .6
0.2 Development of this standard . 8 0.2 Élaboration de la présente norme. 8 0.2 Zur Entstehung dieser Norm .8
0.3 References and sources . 10 0.3 Références et sources . 10 0.3 Nachweise und Quellen . 10
0.4 Conservation practice . 12 0.4 Pratique en matière de 0.4 Konservierungspraxis . 12
0.5 The structure of the document and conservation-restauration . 12 0.5 Zur Struktur und zur Benutzung
how to use it . 14 0.5 Structure et mode d’emploi du der Norm . 14
document . 14
1 Scope. 16 1 Anwendungsbereich . 16
1 Domaine d’application . 16
2 Normative references . 16 2 Normative Verweisungen . 16
2 Références normatives . 16
3 Terms and definitions . 16 3 Begriffe . 16
3.1 Cultural heritage terms . 17 3 Termes et définitions . 16 3.1 Begriffe zum Kulturerbe . 17
3.2 Condition terms . 20 3.1 Termes relatifs au patrimoine 3.2 Begriffe zum Erhaltungszustand . 20
3.3 Conservation terms . 24 culturel . 17 3.3 Begriffe zur Konservierung . 24
3.4 Preventive conservation terms . 28 3.2 Termes relatifs à l’état . 20 3.4 Begriffe zur Präventiven
3.5 Remedial conservation and 3.3 Termes relatifs à la conservation- Konservierung . 28
restoration terms . 30 restauration. 24 3.5 Begriffe zur Stabilisierenden
3.6 Planning and documentation 3.4 Termes relatifs à la conservation Konservierung und Restaurierung . 30
terms . 34 préventive . 28 3.6 Begriffe zur Planung und
3.5 Termes relatifs à la conservation Dokumentation . 34
Bibliography . 39
curative et à la restauration . 30
Literaturhinweise . 39
Index . 53
3.6 Termes relatifs à la
Stichwortverzeichnis . 57
programmation et à la
documentation . 34
Bibliographie . 39
Index . 55
European foreword Avant-propos européen Europäisches Vorwort
This document (EN 15898:2019) has been Le présent document (EN 15898:2019) a été Dieses Dokument (EN 15898:2019) wurde
prepared by Technical Committee élaboré par le Comité Technique CEN/TC 346 vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 346
CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural « Conservation des biens culturels », dont le „Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes“ erarbeitet,
heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by secrétariat est tenu par UNI. dessen Sekretariat von UNI gehalten wird.
UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the Cette Norme européenne devra recevoir le Diese Europäische Norm muss den Status
status of a national standard, either by statut de norme nationale, soit par publication einer nationalen Norm erhalten, entweder
publication of an identical text or by d'un texte identique, soit par entérinement, au durch Veröffentlichung eines identischen
endorsement, at the latest by April 2020, and plus tard en avril 2020, et toutes les normes Textes oder durch Anerkennung bis Mai 2020,
conflicting national standards shall be nationales en contradiction devront être und etwaige entgegenstehende nationale
withdrawn at the latest by May 2020. retirées au plus tard en mai 2020. Normen müssen bis Mai 2020 zurückgezogen
werden.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains Es wird auf die Möglichkeit hingewiesen, dass
of the elements of this document may be the des éléments du présent document peuvent einige Elemente dieses Dokuments Patent-
subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held faire l'objet de droits de propriété rechte berühren können. CEN ist nicht dafür
responsible for identifying any or all such intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. Le CEN verantwortlich, einige oder alle diesbe-
patent rights. ne saurait être tenu pour responsable de ne züglichen Patentrechte zu identifizieren.
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété
et averti de leur existence.
This document will supersede Le présent document est destiné à remplacer Dieses Dokument wird EN 15898:2011
EN 15898:2011. l’EN 15898:2011. ersetzen.
The main differences between this document Les principales différences entre le présent Die wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen die-
and EN 15898:2011 are: document et l'EN 15898:2011 sont les sem Dokument und EN 15898:2011 sind:
suivantes :
a) additional terms were added: a) des termes supplémentaires ont été a) Zusätzliche Begriffe wurden hinzugefügt:
ajoutés :
— accessibility; — accessibilité ; — Zugänglichkeit;
— agent of deterioration; — agent de dégradation ; — Schadensfaktor;
— conservation process; — processus de conservation-restaura- — Erhaltungsprozess;
tion ;
— conservation report; — rapport d’intervention ; — Konservierungsbericht;
— emergency response; — mesures d’urgence ; — Notfallmaßnahmen;
— Integrated Pest Management; — gestion intégrée des nuisibles ; — Integrierte Schädlingsbekämpfung;
— intervention; — intervention ; — Maßnahme;
— legibility; — lisibilité ; — Lesbarkeit;
— object identification; — identification du bien ; — Objektidentifikation;
— originality; — caractère d'origine ; — Originalität;
— structural stability; — stabilité structurelle ; — strukturelle Stabilität;
— surrogate; — reproduction pour substitution ; — Sekundärform;
b) modifications on some existing definitions b) quelques définitions et notes existantes b) Modifizierungen bei ein paar bestehenden
and notes were carried out; ont fait l'objet de modifications Definitionen und Anmerkungen wurden
mineures ; vorgenommen;
c) the Bibliography was updated and re- c) la Bibliographie a été mise à jour et c) die Literaturhinweise wurden aktualisiert
sorted; réorganisée ; und neu sortiert;
d) the document was editorially revised. d) le d
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
01-november-2018
2KUDQMDQMHNXOWXUQHGHGLãþLQH6SORãQLL]UD]LLQGHILQLFLMH
Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms and definitions
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe
Conservation de patrimoine culturel - Principaux termes généraux et définitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15898:2018
ICS:
01.040.97 Oprema za dom in trgovino. Domestic and commercial
Razvedrilo. Šport (Slovarji) equipment. Entertainment.
Sports (Vocabularies)
97.195 8PHWQLãNLLQREUWQLãNLL]GHONL Items of art and handicrafts.
.XOWXUQHGREULQHLQNXOWXUQD Cultural property and
GHGLãþLQD heritage
oSIST prEN 15898:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15898
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2018
ICS 01.040.97; 97.195 Will supersede EN 15898:2011
English Version
Conservation of cultural heritage - Main general terms and
definitions
Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Principaux Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Allgemeine Begriffe
termes généraux et définitions correspondantes
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 346.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15898:2018:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
prEN 15898:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
0 Introduction . 4
0.1 General observations . 4
0.2 Development of this standard . 4
0.3 References and sources . 5
0.4 Conservation practice . 5
0.5 The structure of the document and how to use it . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Cultural heritage terms . 7
3.2 Condition terms . 9
3.3 Conservation terms . 11
3.4 Preventive conservation terms . 13
3.5 Remedial conservation and restoration terms . 14
3.6 Planning and documentation terms . 16
Bibliography . 18
Index (English) . 22
Index (French) . 24
Index (German) . 26
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
prEN 15898:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 15898:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346
“Conservation of cultural heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
The main differences between this document and EN 15898:2011 are:
a) additional terms were added:
— accessibility;
— agent of deterioration;
— conservation process;
— conservation report;
— Integrated Pest Management;
— intervention;
— legibility;
— object identification;
— originality;
— surrogate;
b) minor modifications on existing definitions and notes were carried out;
c) the Bibliography was updated and resorted;
d) the document was editorially revised.
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
prEN 15898:2018 (E)
0 Introduction
0.1 General observations
This standard is part of a series of standards being developed by CEN/TC 346. It provides terms and
their definitions for a set of general concepts which are widely used by those working in the field of
conservation of tangible cultural heritage. Its purpose is to bring greater understanding and encourage
collaboration amongst those who have responsibility for or an interest in cultural heritage. The need for
such agreement and clarification in the use of conservation words - to avoid confusion, to ensure that
what one person means by a word corresponds with what another person understands - has become
1)
increasingly recognized in recent years . The definition of the terms here, as well as in the
accompanying prEN 17135:2017, will also help to ensure consistent use of words and concepts within
the other CEN/TC 346 conservation standards which define only those terms specific to each individual
standard.
The focus of all the CEN/TC 346 standards is on the tangible cultural heritage. However, every cultural
object has intangible aspects. Conservation of the tangible, when properly carried out, respects the
intangible.
The tangible cultural heritage comprises both immovable objects (e.g. buildings, structures) and
2)
movable objects (e.g. archival documents, works of art) .Those working in these two broad areas have
tended to use some conservation words in subtly different ways, and to use words in one field which
are not used in the other. This attempt to unify terminology may require occasional compromise. This is
a reflection of current usage with the possibility that not every definition will sit equally well within
each sphere of activity.
The terms presented here have been selected by professionals working with the movable and built
heritage. Even though landscapes, parks and gardens are also part of our human-made cultural heritage,
this terminology does not yet wholly relate to them, nor to buried archaeological sites. Conservation of
the digital heritage is likewise not embraced by this terminology, for which work is being undertaken in
other frameworks and standards committees.
0.2 Development of this standard
The first edition of this standard was the result of four years of consultation, within the CEN framework,
amongst experts from the European conservation community. Individuals appointed by national
standards bodies, together with their colleagues at national level, have helped to refine shared
understanding and to improve these definitions. This edition updates the first edition and takes into
account additional general terms necessary in other standards produced by CEN/TC 346.
The conventions used are those recommended in the documents CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations –
3)
Part 3, ISO 704 and ISO 10241-1:2011 .Only nouns are defined, not verbs or adjectives. Each definition
aims to be a succinct summary of the concept as used across the field of conservation. Where it is
necessary, some notes and examples are added. As far as possible each definition should be able to
replace its term when inserted into a relevant sentence.
1)
See Bibliography [59] and [60].
2)
This distinction is sometimes only approximate: a wall painting may be fixed to a building one day, but
may be transferred to an art gallery another day. Most buildings are immovable, but there are some museums to which
buildings have been moved. In some cases movable objects (e.g. curtains, tapestries, wood panelling etc.) are considered
to be part of an immovable ensemble.
3)
See Bibliography [59], [60] and [61].
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
prEN 15898:2018 (E)
This standard has been adopted in the three official CEN languages (English, French and German) on the
basis of a working document prepared in English. For some concepts there is no direct equivalent term
between languages, so expanded phrasing is provided.
A CEN terminology standard in the field of conservation cannot be expected to resolve all issues and so
is unlikely to meet with universal agreement. Like all standards, it will change in response to those
using it and to changing practice, as well as the flux of language over the years.
Users are encouraged to suggest improvements to their national standards bodies. Comments will be
compiled for use in the next edition.
0.3 References and sources
The reference for the meaning of common English words used in the definitions follows established
4)
usage . Many sources listed in the bibliography have been valuable in guiding the development of the
definitions, particularly charters and guidelines established by international professional bodies.
Since 1964, the Venice Charter, and later the Burra Charter, have guided reflection and development of
the terms and practices used in conservation and restoration, especially of the built heritage and
5)
historic environment . The definitions of four terms presented here (‘conservation’, ‘preventive
conservation’, ‘remedial conservation’, ‘restoration’) were developed in parallel with those of ICOM-CC
[7] and so have considerable commonality, but they are not identical. Whereas the ICOM-CC
terminology uses ‘conservation’ as the umbrella term, such is the strength of feeling about current
practice in some European countries and organisations about the term ‘conservation-restoration’ that
the latter is included as a synonym of ‘conservation’. It should also be noted that the ICOM-CC
definitions are used primarily in the field of movable heritage.
In certain European countries some of the terms defined by the present standard (e.g. ‘cultural
heritage’, ‘alteration’, ‘restoration’) have an official or legal meaning which can vary amongst those
countries. Most of the countries within the EU have endorsed in their national regulations the EU
Directives relating to illicit trade and the export of cultural heritage. Some of those directives contain
6)
translations of some common terms and their meanings , which may differ from the definitions offered
here. In this standard, “cultural heritage” has been chosen in preference to “cultural property”, with its
narrower connotations of ownership.
0.4 Conservation practice
The practice of conservation varies between countries and cultures around the world. The process of
7)
making decisions in conservation is rarely straightforward . Many factors have to be taken into
account, some of them identified in the condition survey, others determined by ‘significance‘, others
deriving from the context and current use or following from discoveries made during the work. This
document cannot be seen as a substitute for the exercise of professional judgement in making decisions,
4)
See Bibliography [44].
5)
See Bibliography [9] and [14].
6)
Council Directive 93/7/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the return of cultural objects unlawfully removed from the
territory of a member state.
Council Regulation (EC) No 116/2009 of 18 December 2008 on the export of cultural goods.
7)
See Bibliography [30].
oSIST prEN 15898:2018
prEN 15898:2018 (E)
often in collaboration with others, backed up by appropriate education, training, skills, qualifications
8)
and experience .
Laws and regulations in some CEN member count
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
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