CEN/TS 16165:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda ocenjevanja
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
Bestimmung der Rutschhemmung von Fußböden - Ermittlungsverfahren
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes
d'évaluation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16165:2012
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16165
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2012
ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10
English Version
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces -
Methods of evaluation
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces Bestimmung der Rutschhemmumg von Fußböden -
piétonnières - Méthodes d'évaluation Ermittlungsverfahren
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 4 March 2012 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16165:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Test methods .7
Annex A (normative) Barefoot Ramp Test .8
A.1 Principle .8
A.2 Test equipment .8
A.3 Verification . 10
A.4 Test procedure . 10
A.5 Evaluation . 11
A.6 Precision . 11
A.7 Test report . 11
Annex B (normative) Shod Ramp Test . 13
B.1 Principle . 13
B.2 Test equipment . 13
B.3 Calibration . 15
B.4 Test procedure . 16
B.5 Evaluation . 17
B.6 Precision . 18
B.7 Test report . 18
Annex C (normative) Pendulum friction test . 20
C.1 Principle . 20
C.2 Apparatus . 20
C.3 Preparation . 26
C.4 Verification/validation . 29
C.5 Conducting the test . 30
C.6 Pendulum measurements on site, additional information . 32
C.7 Precision . 33
C.8 Test report . 33
C.9 Pendulum scale dimensions . 34
C.10 Calibration procedure for the pendulum friction tester . 36
Annex D (normative) Tribometer test . 45
D.1 Principle . 45
D.2 Apparatus and test equipment . 45
D.3 Test equipment . 46
D.4 Verification and checking . 47
D.5 Sampling and preparation of the test sample for laboratory tests . 48
D.6 Preparation of the test surface for on-site tests . 48
D.7 Preparation of the sliders . 48
D.8 Procedure . 49
D.9 Calculation and expression of results . 49
D.10 Precision . 49
D.11 Test report . 50
Bibliography . 51

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16165:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 339 “Slip
resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document describes the most commonly used test methods in Europe for the determination of the slip
resistance of floorings in the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
The method in Annex A describes the test method based on the ramp with contaminant water and operator
barefoot.
The method in Annex B describes the test method based on the ramp with contaminant oil and operator
wearing specified shoes.
NOTE The contaminant oil is used only to make the test more sensitive.
The method in Annex C describes the test method based on the pendulum in dry and wet conditions using
specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ.
The method in Annex D describes the test method based on the tribometer in dry and wet conditions using
specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ.
The tests described in Annexes A and B are laboratory tests. The tests described in Annexes C and D are
laboratory and in situ tests. It is recommended to use Annexes A to D in the situations described as follows:
The method in Annex A: Floorings in wet conditions where the pedestrian is barefoot.
The method in Annex B, C and D: Floorings in private and/or public and/or work areas in wet and/or dry
conditions where the pedestrian is wearing shoes.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies test methods for the determination of the slip resistance of surfaces in
the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
This Technical Specification does not cover sports surfaces and road surfaces for vehicles (skid resistance).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 438-4, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) — Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called
Laminates) — Part 4: Classification and specifications for Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and greater
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness) (ISO 868)
EN ISO 4287, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms,
definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287)
EN ISO 20345, Personal protective equipment — Safety footwear (ISO 20345)
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method
for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 5: Alternative
methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method
ISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness — Part 1:
Durometer method (Shore hardness)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
pedestrian surface
surface which is designed for people to walk upon
3.2
acceptance angle
lowest angle of the inclined ramp at which the test person reaches the limit of safe walking when slipping
occurs
3.3
contaminant
material on the surface of the surface which is not an inherent part of the surface and which can affect the
frictional properties of that surface
3.4
surface
pedestrian surface excluding road surfaces and sports surfaces
3.5
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, e.g. the test slider or the footwear sole and the
pedestrian surface
Note 1 to entry: The frictional force is the force acting tangentially in the contact area.
3.6
slip
loss of traction which can cause the test persons to lose their footing
3.7
slip resistance
measure of dynamic friction between two surfaces in contact and which may or may not be in the presence of
a specified contaminant
Note 1 to entry: The frictional force opposing movement of an object across a surface, usually with reference to the sole
(including the heel) of a shoe or to the barefoot contact area on a floor. Slip resistance of a pedestrian surface is the
property of the surface which limits the relative sliding movement.
3.8
test person
person who walks on the test surface or calibration surface
3.9
test walk
walking period to determine a single acceptance angle
3.10
pendulum test value
PTV
standardised value of the slip resistance as measure of the friction between the slider and the test surface
obtained with the pendulum friction tester which incorporates a slider manufactured of rubber
3.11
dynamic coefficient of friction
coefficient of friction where movement of a body across a surface is maintained at constant speed
3.12
sliding friction coefficient for surfaces
µ
quotient of the horizontal frictional force and the vertically acting force between the slider and the horizontal
surface during movement at a constant speed
3.13
sliding distance
distance over which the body is pulled during a single measurement
3.14
measuring distance
distance over which the sliding friction coefficient is determined
3.15
measurement series
series consisting of five single measurements on one measuring distance
3.16
test cycle
cycle consisting of three measurement series
4 Test methods
Carry out a test according to Annex A to Annex D. If tests are performed in the laboratory the room
temperature should be (20 ± 5)°C unless otherwise stated.
Annex A
(normative)
Barefoot Ramp Test
A.1 Principle
Two bare-foot test persons are used to determine the acceptance angle, after the pedestrian surface material
being tested has been continuously coated with water containing a wetting agent. The test persons, each in
turn, facing downhill and with an upright posture, move forwards and backwards over the test surface, as they
increase their angle of inclination, until the safe limit of walking is reached and a slip occurs. The mean
acceptance angle obtained is used to express the degree of slip resistance. Subjective influences on the
acceptance angle are limited by means of a calibration procedure.
A.2 Test equipment
A.2.1 Test apparatus
The test device (Figure A.1) is a level and torsion-free platform of approximately 600 mm width and 2 000 mm
length which can be adjusted longitudinally as a continuous movement to gradients from 0° to approximately
45°. The lifting stroke is controlled by the test person. An angle indicator on the test device shall show the
platform tilt away from the horizontal plane at an accuracy of ± 0,2°. The test apparatus shall be rigid such that
the angle does not vary by more than ± 1° during the walking. The display of the angle measurement system
shall be fixed in such a way that the test person cannot read it during the test. The test person is safeguarded
by railings along the sides and protected from falling by a safety harness which shall not cause a hindrance to
the test person when walking on the test floor.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Safety harness and fall arrest system
2 Drive unit
3 Inclinable walkway area on which the test surface or verification/calibration surface is fixed
4 Angle indicator
Figure A.1 — Example of a typical test apparatus
A.2.2 Test surface
The test surface area shall be approximately 100 cm × 50 cm. The test surface shall be clean. The test
surface shall be either self-supporting, or securely mounted on a suitable flat surface.
If the slip resistance differs depending on the direction of walking, then it will be necessary to determine the
direction of lowest slip resistance.
A.2.3 Contaminant
Aqueous solution of a natriumdodecylsulfatein (NaLS) in a concentration of 1 g/l (aqueous solution: 0,1 %
NaLS in water) shall be used as the contaminant. Prior to and during testing the aqueous solution shall be
applied at (6,0 ± 1,0) l/min using appropriate jets so as to form a largely uniform spray of contaminant across
the test specimen. The temperature range of the solution shall be in between 15 °C and 30 °C.
A.3 Verification
A.3.1 General
The inclination of the inclinable walkway surface shall be calibrated annually and checked before each use
with a calibrated inclinometer. Verification of the data produced by test persons shall be undertaken daily prior
to testing. The latter shall be achieved by use of an appropriate set of standard surfaces as verification
surfaces. The verification processes as specified below should be used to select and familiarise the test
persons.
A.3.2 Procedure
Each test person shall record a set of five results from each of three verification surfaces. The arithmetic mean
of the five readings shall be calculated. This arithmetic mean shall be within 2° of the known value for the
verification surface in question. If the mean is more than 2° from the known value of the verification surface,
that test shall be repeated. A test person shall only be used in further tests on that day if his result from each
of the three verification surfaces is within the 2° acceptability range.
1)
Three verification surfaces shall be used, as described below:
a) WB-A, verification angle = 12°;
b) WB-B, verification angle = 18°;
c) WB-C, verification angle = 24°.
NOTE Information about the change of the wear during lifetime will be gathered in the near future and the results will
be included into a revised version of this Technical Specification.
A.4 Test procedure
NOTE 1 A video clip illustrating the test procedure can be downloaded from www.hse.gov.uk/slips/stvideo.htm.
Operators are encouraged to study the video before undertaking a test.
a) The test surface (see A.2.2) shall be clean.
b) The test person is bare-footed. His or her feet shall have been wetted for at least 10 min prior to the test in
the contaminant (A.2.3).
c) The test person shall put on the harness (see A.2.1). The test person shall then attach to the fall arrest
system (see A.2.1).
d) The test person shall mount the ramp (which shall be set to the horizontal position) so as to stand on the
test surface.
e) The contaminant (see A.2.3) shall be applied and run across the surface for at least 30 s before testing
begins.
f) Facing down the ramp and looking at their feet, the test person, using a half-step gait, shall take a
minimum of four steps down the test surface (walking forwards), and then take half-steps up the test

1) Verification surfaces can be obtained from Saurefliesner-Vereinigung e.V., Im Langen Felde 4, 30938 Burgwedel,
Germany, e-mail: info@saeurefliesner.de, fax: +49 5139998240. This information is given for the convenience of users of
this Technical Specification and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of this product.
surface (walking backwards) to return to their starting position. The test person shall walk up and down
the test surface twice before raising the ramp by a small amount. This continues until a slip occurs.
g) It is essential to maintain a rhythm of about 144 half steps per minute. A metronome or similar should be
used to keep pace.
NOTE 2 Above a ramp angle of 15°, the pace is less important.
h) Once a slip occurs the walk shall be repeated at the angle of slip and if a further slip occurs then this
angle is recorded.
i) If there is no second slip the test is continued, raising the angle by a small amount until two slips occur at
the same angle.
j) Record the angle.
k) Repeat the procedure from the horizontal four more times and record all five angles.
l) The test shall be repeated by a second test person.
m) It is important that around the point of slip the angle is not raised too much in one step. Incremental rises
must therefore be small at this point.
n) If it is suspected that the angle has been raised by too great an amount around the point of slip then the
angle shall be lowered to below the angle of slip and the run repeated using smaller increments.
For determining the slip resistance characteristics of surfaces with directional surface profiles or texture, see
A.2.2.
A.5 Evaluation
Arithmetic mean readings shall be determined from the two sets of five results.
a) Record the five results of test person 1 and take the average to the nearest 0,1°. This is the acceptance
angle of test person 1.
b) Record the five results of test person 2 and take the average to the nearest 0,1°. This is acceptance angle
of test person 2.
c) The critical angle α is the mean of the acceptance angles of test persons 1 and 2 rounded down to
barefoot
the nearest whole number.
NOTE A calibration procedure will be further developed during the period of this Technical Specification.
A.6 Precision
A round robin exercise will be carried out which will help the development of precision data. The precision
data will be given in the revised version of this Technical Specification.
A.7 Test report
At least the following information shall be given in the test report:
a) reference to this Technical Specification;
b) test organisation and name of the person responsible for the test;
c) date of test;
d) identity of test surfaces or designation, manufacturer, product, where applicable, quality class, colour and
dimensions of products used for the surface (if this information is known);
e) surface structure (e.g. smooth, profiled, structured);
f) critical angle α .
barefoot
Annex B
(normative)
Shod Ramp Test
B.1 Principle
Two test persons wearing shoes are used to determine the acceptance angle, after the pedestrian surface
material being tested has been evenly coated with oil. The test persons, each in turn, facing downhill and with
an upright posture, move forwards and backwards over the test surface, as they increase their angle of
inclination, until the safe limit of walking is reached and a slip occurs. The mean acceptance angle obtained is
used to express the degree of slip resistance. Subjective influences on the acceptance angle are limited by
means of a calibration procedure.
B.2 Test equipment
B.2.1 Test apparatus with safety devices
The test device (Figure B.1) is a level and torsion-free platform of approximately 600 mm width and 2 000 mm
length which can be adjusted longitudinally as a continuous movement to gradients from 0° to approximately
45°. The lifting stroke is controlled by the test person. An angle indicator on the test device shall show the
platform tilt away from the horizontal plane at an accuracy of ± 0,2°. The test apparatus shall be rigid such that
the angle does not vary by more than ± 1° during the walking. The display of the angle measurement system
shall be fixed in such a way that the test person cannot read it during the test.
The test person is safeguarded by railings along the sides and protected from falling by a safety harness
which shall not cause a hindrance to the test person when walking on the test floor.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Safety harness and fall arrest system
2 Drive unit
3 Inclinable walkway area on which the test surface or verification/calibration surface is fixed
4 Angle indicator
Figure B.1 — Example of typical test apparatus
B.2.2 Test surface
The test surface area shall be approximately 100 cm × 50 cm. The test surface shall be clean. The test
surface shall be either self-supporting, or securely mounted on a suitable flat surface.
If the slip resistance differs depending on the direction of walking, then it will be necessary to determine the
direction of lowest slip resistance.
B.2.3 Contaminant
Engine oil of SAE viscosity grade 10 W 30 according to SAE J300:1999 shall be used as the contaminant.
200 ml/m² oil shall be evenly brushed onto the test surface prior to test walks of each test person.
NOTE The oil should be stored in a tightly sealed vessel in order to prevent changes to its viscosity.
B.2.4 Test footwear
The test persons shall wear protective shoes of type B, shape S1 or S2 according to EN ISO 20345 with a
shoe sole made of rubber-polyurethane-base, Shore-A hardness 73 ± 5 determined according to EN ISO 868
with a profile according to Figure B.2.
Before first use, the surface of the test shoe soling shall be thoroughly abraded using an orbital sander fitted
with P400 grade silicon carbide abrasive paper in order to achieve a consistent, even, reproducible finish over
the entire surface. The abrasive paper shall be discarded when noticeable wear or tearing occurs. Freshly
abraded soling shall be dusted before testing using a clean, soft brush. The soles shall have been wetted with
the engine oil for at least 10 min prior to the test. After the test, the test shoes soling shall be stored clean from
oil and dry. No solvent or gas oil should be used while cleaning.
NOTE A profiled sole is needed to determine the physical-interlock-slip-resistance which is provided by the profile of
the test surface.
Figure B.2 — Profiled sole of test shoe (uvex Athletic 9452.9)
B.3 Calibration
B.3.1 General
The inclination of the inclinable walkway surface shall be calibrated annually and checked periodically.
Verification of the data produced by test persons shall be undertaken daily prior to testing. The latter shall be
achieved by use of standardized test footwear and an appropriate set of standardized surfaces. The
calibration processes as specified below shall be used to select and familiarise the test persons.
B.3.2 Validation of the test person
2)
Three standard surfaces, St-I, St-II and St-III, are used for the calibration process . The acceptance angle (α)
of these surfaces are given in Table B.1 and are specified as acceptance angles α , α and α of the
St-I St-II St-III
three standard surfaces.
On the same day, but prior to testing the test surfaces, each test person (j) shall walk on each standard
surface (i = St-I, St-II and St-III) three times (see B.4) and the mean calibration (C) values α , α and
CSt-Ij CSt-IIj
α shall be determined.
CSt-IIIj
2) Calibration surfaces can be obtained from Saurefliesner-Vereinigung e.V., Im Langen Felde 4, 30938 Burgwedel,
Germany, e-mail: info@saeurefliesner.de, fax: +49 5139998240. This information is given for the convenience of users of
this Technical Specification and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of this product.
Each individual correction value ∆α = α − α (i = St-I, St-II and St-III) of the calibration prior to testing
i,j S,i C,i,j
shall be calculated and gives ∆ α , ∆α and ∆α .
St-I,j St-II,j St-III,j
Each of the individual correction values shall be less than the corresponding critical differences CrD that are
given in Table B.1, i.e. |∆α | ≤ CrD . If one of the absolute values is greater, the test person in question shall
i,j 95
be excluded from the test and replaced by another test person for that day.
Table B.1 — Acceptance angle and critical difference values of the three standard surfaces
CrD
αααα
Standard surface
S,i
11,2° 3,6°
St-I
17,9° 3,0°
St-II
24,9° 2,4°
St-III
NOTE The critical difference of CrD indicates the spreading of measured values during measurements on the same

object at various test locations, or coincidental deviations during repeated measurements at the same test location.
The critical differences of CrD are determined for the three standard surfaces for a significance level of 95 %
from the comparison and repetition limits according to ISO 5725-2 or ISO 5725-5.
Calculation as follows:
a) Each test person j walks on a standard surface three times and the average calibration values are
determined:
α α α
C,St-I,j C,St-II,j C,St-III,j
b) The individual correction value:
∆α = α −α (i = St-I, St-II and St-III)
i, j S,i C,i, j
is calculated and results in:
∆ α ∆α ∆α
St-I,j St-II,j St-III,j
c) Rejection of test person or/and control of footwear, if:
∆ α > CrD
i,j 95 (see Table B.1)
B.4 Test procedure
A video clip illustrating the test procedure can be downloaded from www.hse.gov.uk/slips/stvideo.htm.
Operators are encouraged to study the video before undertaking a test.
a) The test surface (see B.2.2) shall be clean.
b) The test person wears the test shoes.
c) The test person shall put on the harness (see B.2.1). The test person shall then attach to the fall arrest
system (see B.2.1).
d) The test person shall mount the ramp (which shall be set to the horizontal position) so as to stand on the
test surface.
e) (200 ± 20) ml/m² of the specified oil is brushed onto the surface of the sample surface and the soles of the
footwear.
f) Facing down the ramp and looking at their feet, the test person, using a half-step gait, shall take a
minimum of four steps down the test surface (walking forwards), and then take half-steps up the test
surface (walking backwards) to return to their starting position. The test person shall walk up and down
the test surface twice before raising the ramp by a small amount. This continues until a slip occurs.
g) It is essential to maintain a rhythm of about 144 half steps per minute. A metronome or similar should be
used to keep pace.
NOTE Above a ramp angle of 15°, the pace is less important.
h) Once a slip occurs the walk shall be repeated at the angle of slip and if a further slip occurs then this
angle is recorded.
i) If there is no second slip the test is continued, raising the angle by a small amount until two slips occur at
the same angle.
j) Record the angle, α rounded to the nearest 0,2°.
shod
k) Repeat the procedure from the horizontal two more times and record all three angles. The oil should be
redistributed using the brush.
l) The test shall be repeated by a second test person.
m) It is important that around the point of slip the angle is not raised too much in one step. Incremental rises
must therefore be small at this point.
n) If it is suspected that the angle has been raised by too great an amount around the point of slip then the
angle shall be lowered to below the angle of slip and the run repeated using smaller increments.
For determining the slip resistance characteristics of surfaces with directional surface profiles or texture, see
B.2.2.
B.5 Evaluation
From an accepted test person, j, the mean angle, α , shall be determined. For two test persons a correction
0,j
value, D (D and D ) is calculated for each tested surface from the values obtained from the calibration
j 1 2
surfaces. The calculated correction value, D , is added to the mean value of each test covering α , giving the
j 0,j
corrected value for one test walker α (α or α ).
j 1 2
D shall be carried out in accordance with one of the four cases given in Table B.2.
The calculation of
j
Table B.2 — Correction value depending on the size of the mean acceptance angle
Case Correction value D for test surface
j
α < α D = ∆α ×
j S t−I, j
0, j C,St−I, j
 α − α 
0, j C,St−I,j
α ≤ α < α
D =∆α + (∆α − ∆α ) ×  ×
C,St−I,j 0,j C,St−II,j
j St−I,j S t−II,j St−I,j
α − α
 C,S t−II,j C,S t−I,j
 
 α − α 
0, j C,S t−II,j
α ≤ α < α
D = ∆α + (∆α − ∆α ) × ×
 
C,St−II,j 0, j C,St−III,j
j S t−II,j S t−III,j St−II,j
α − α
 C,S t−III,j C,St−II,j
 
α ≤ α D = ∆α ×
C,St−III,j 0,j j St−III,j
where
α  is the mean test acceptance angle for test person j;
0,j
D  is the correction value for test person j;
j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-I;
C,St-Ij
∆α is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-I
St-Ij
(11,2 - α )
C,St-Ij
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-II;
C,St-IIj
∆α is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-II
St-IIj
(17,9 - α );
C,St-IIj
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-III;
C,St-IIIj
∆α is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-III
St-IIIj
(24,9 - α ).
C,St-IIIj
The corrected mean acceptance angle of test person 1 (α ) and test person 2 (α ) shall be added together
1 2
and divided by 2 creating the critical angle α rounded down to the nearest whole degree.
shod
B.6 Precision
A round robin exercise will be carried out which will help the development of precision data. The precision
data will be given in the revised version of this Technical Specification.
B.7 Test report
The following information shall be given in the test report:
a) reference to this Technical Specification;
b) test organisation and name of the person responsible for the test;
c) date of test;
d) identity of test surfaces or designation, manufacturer, product, where applicable quality class, colour and
dimensions of products used for the surface (if this information is known);
e) surface structure (e.g. smooth, profiled, structured);
f) critical angle, α , rounded down to the nearest degree.
shod
Annex C
(normative)
Pendulum friction test
C.1 Principle
The pendulum friction tester measures the loss of energy as the standard rubber coated slider assembly
slides across the test surface and provides a standardised value of slip resistance. The pendulum friction
tester incorporates a spring loaded slider made of a standard rubber attached to the end of the pendulum
arm. On swinging the pendulum arm the frictional force between slider and test surface is measured by the
reduction in length of the swing.
The measuring method can be implemented by using soft or hard rubber (slider 57 or 96, respectively).
The measuring method can be implemented with a test surface in dry condition or a test surface contaminated
with water.
The measuring method can be used for measurements in laboratory conditions as well as for measurements
on site.
C.2 Apparatus
C.2.1 Pendulum friction tester
C.2.1.1 General
The pendulum friction tester shall be manufactured generally as shown in Figure C.1. All bearings and
working parts shall be enclosed as far as possible, and all materials used shall be treated to prevent corrosion
under wet conditions.
Key
1 Pendulum arm 10 Slider assembly 19 Friction and locking ring
2 Mark (in the centre of 11 Slider support rod 20 Pointer
rotation, indicating the axis
of suspension)
3 Release mechanism (knob) 12 Vertical screw (for vertical 21 Pointer counterbalance
adjustment)
4 Frame 13 Slider lifting handle 22 Scale (see C.9)
5 Rear support foot 14 Pendulum head 23 Release catch
6 Screw for rear support foot 15 Clamp for vertical adjustment 24 Pointer adjustment screw
7 Spacer of rough adjustment 16 Spirit level 25 Handle
of the sliding length (optional)
8 Levelling screw 17 Gauge (see Figure C.2) 26 Lock nut
9 Bottom plate (hinged) 18 Pendulum foot
NOTE Individual testers might have a slightly different configuration or appearance.
Figure C.1 — Pendulum friction tester
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
l Actual sliding length
3)
1 Measuring gauge
Figure C.2 — Sliding length gauge
C.2.1.2 Further features
C.2.1.2.1 Spring loaded rubber coated slider, as specified in C.2.1.2.10 to C.2.1.2.17.
This slider shall be mounted on the end of a pendulum arm with the slider not in contact with the surface so
that the sliding edge is (514 ± 1) mm from the axis of suspension.
C.2.1.2.2 Bubble spirit level, as a means of setting the support column of equipment vertical.
C.2.1.2.3 Frame of sufficient mass, to ensure that the equipment remains stable during the test containing
three levelling screws.
C.2.1.2.4 Vertical screw mechanism, as a means of raising and lowering the axis of suspension of the
pendulum arm, so that the slider can:
a) swing clear of the surface of the specimen; and
b) be set to traverse a surface over a fixed length.
The sliding length should preferably be measured, aligning the marks with the aluminium backing as shown in
Figure C.2. A sliding length measured this way of (124 ± 1) mm gives an actual sliding length of about
126 mm. This actual sliding length is influenced by the worn width of the striking edge, and the positioning

3) A measuring gauge is e.g. supplied by Georg Franz & Brose GmbH, Köpenicker Straße 7a, D-10997 Berlin, Germany,
phone: +49 30 61 10 39 0, fax: +49 30 61 10 39 15, e-mail: info@franz-brose.de, www.franz-brose.de. This information is
given for the convenience of users of this Technical Specification and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of this
product.
points from where to where the actual sliding length is being measured. For this reason it is recommend to
measure at fixed points at the alumina backing of the slider.
C.2.1.2.5 Release mechanism that holds the pendulum arm and can release it so that it then falls freely
from a horizontal position.
C.2.1.2.6 Pointer, of nominal length of 300 mm, balanced about the axis of suspension, indicating the
position of the pendulum arm throughout its forward swing and moving over the circular scale.
The mass of the pointer shall be not more than 85 g.
C.2.1.2.7 Adjustable friction ring, so that, with the pendulum arm swinging freely from a horizontal
position, the outward tip of the pointer may be brought to rest on the forward swing of the arm at a point
(10 ± 1) mm below the horizontal. This is the Zero reading.
C.2.1.2.8 Scale, marked from 0 to 150 at intervals of five units, see C.9.
C.2.1.2.9 The mass of the pendulum arm, including the slider assembly, shall be (1,50 ± 0,03) kg. The
centre of gravity shall be on the axis of the arm at a distance of (410 ± 5) mm from the axis of suspension.
C.2.1.2.10 The slider assembly shall consist of a rubber slider with a width of (76,2 ± 0,5) mm, a length of
(25,4 ± 1,0) mm (in the direction of swing) and a thickness of (6,4 ± 0,5) mm mounted to an aluminium base;
the combined mass of slider and aluminium base shall be (32 ± 5) g. The thickness of the rubber slider
including the aluminium base shall be in between (9,5 ± 0,5) mm.
C.2.1.2.11 The rubber slider shall be fastened (by vulcanizing or using glue which does not affect the rubber
properties) on a flat, rigid aluminium base with a centre pivoting axis which shall be mounted on the end of the
pendulum arm in such a way that, when the arm is at the lowest point of its swing with the trailing edge of the
slider in contact with the test surface, the plane of the slider is angled at (26 ± 3)° to the horizontal. In this
configuration the slider can turn about its axis without obstruction to follow unevenness of the surface of the
test surface as the pendulum swings.
C.2.1.2.12 The slider assembly shall be spring-loaded against the test surface. The static force on the slider
assembly as set by the equipment calibration procedure shall be (22,2 ± 0,5) N when deflected 4,5 mm
measured upside down (see C.10.5). The change in the static force on the slider shall be not greater than
0,2 N/mm deflection of the slider (see C.10.6).
C.2.1.2.13 The initial resilience and IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree in accordance with
4)
ISO 48) hardness of the Slider 96 shall comply with Table C.1. The compliance shall be proved with a
certificate of conformity including the name of the manufacturer and date of manufacture. The hardness of the
slider shall be checked at least once a year using a Shore D durometer according to ISO 76
...