CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022
(Main)Space engineering - Insert design handbook
Space engineering - Insert design handbook
This handbook recommends engineering inserts and practices for European programs and projects. It may be cited in contracts and program documents as a reference for guidance to meet specific program/project needs.
The target users of this handbook are engineers involved in the design, analysis and verification of launchers and spacecraft in relation to insert usage. The current know‐how is documented in this handbook in order to make expertise to all European developers of space systems.
It is a guidelines document, therefore it includes advisory information rather than requirements.
Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch zu Einsätzen
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception d’inserts
Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik za oblikovanje vstavkov
Ta priročnik priporoča inženirske vstavke in prakse za evropske programe in projekte. Lahko se navaja v pogodbah in programskih dokumentih kot referenca za smernice glede izpolnjevanja posebnih potreb v okviru programa/projekta.
Ciljni uporabniki tega priročnika so inženirji, ki se ukvarjajo s projektiranjem, analiziranjem in preverjanjem lansirnikov ter vesoljskih plovil v povezavi z uporabo vstavkov. Ta priročnik dokumentira dosedanje strokovno znanje, da se dostop do njega omogoči vsem evropskim razvijalcem vesoljskih sistemov.
Ker gre za dokument s smernicami, ne podaja zahtev, temveč vsebuje informacije svetovalne narave.
General Information
Overview
CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 - Space engineering: Insert design handbook is a CEN technical report published (June 2022) to capture current European know‑how on structural inserts used in launchers and spacecraft. It is a guideline (advisory) document intended to be cited in contracts and programme documents as a reference to tailor insert design, analysis and verification to specific project needs. Target users are engineers involved in the design, structural analysis and verification of space systems.
Key topics covered
The handbook provides comprehensive, practical guidance on insert design and related structural features, including:
- Insert systems and components - terminology, components and loading modes.
- Insert types and sizes - grouping of insert families (Group A/B/C), potting and injection methods, standard diameters and heights.
- Materials and surface protection - selection guidance for aluminium, titanium, steels and coatings.
- Sandwich panels and core materials - face sheet behavior, core types (including hexagonal cores), shear/tensile/compressive properties and bonding to face sheets.
- Embedding and potting - potting compounds, potting height/mass, effective and real potting radius (equivalent dimensions), and their influence on load capability.
- Mechanics of sandwich structures - antiplane and higher‑order sandwich theories, local/global failure modes, load introduction, and use of finite element analysis for inserts.
- Design aspects and considerations - load directions (in‑plane/out‑of‑plane), mounting modes (flush, recessed, protruding), arrangement, safety factors and minimum/average insert capability.
- Design guidelines and worked examples - practical design guidance, examples and references to ECSS standards where applicable.
Practical applications
This handbook is directly applicable to:
- Structural design and integration of spacecraft panels, payload supports and launcher interfaces using structural inserts.
- Selection and specification of potting compounds and embedment strategies for sandwich structures.
- Engineering tasks requiring load transfer analysis, FEA modelling of insert behaviour, failure mode assessment and verification planning.
- Contract and procurement teams who want an industry‑accepted reference for insert design guidance in European space programmes.
Who should use it
- Mechanical and aerospace engineers designing spacecraft and launcher structures
- Structural analysts performing FEA and failure assessments for inserts
- Systems and integration engineers preparing interface specifications
- Procurement, quality and verification engineers referencing accepted guidance in project documentation
Related standards
- The report cross‑references relevant ECSS standards and other space engineering documents; it is intended to complement applicable ECSS and national standards for space systems.
Keywords: insert design, space engineering, spacecraft inserts, sandwich panels, potting compounds, structural inserts, CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022, SIST.
Frequently Asked Questions
CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 is a technical report published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Space engineering - Insert design handbook". This standard covers: This handbook recommends engineering inserts and practices for European programs and projects. It may be cited in contracts and program documents as a reference for guidance to meet specific program/project needs. The target users of this handbook are engineers involved in the design, analysis and verification of launchers and spacecraft in relation to insert usage. The current know‐how is documented in this handbook in order to make expertise to all European developers of space systems. It is a guidelines document, therefore it includes advisory information rather than requirements.
This handbook recommends engineering inserts and practices for European programs and projects. It may be cited in contracts and program documents as a reference for guidance to meet specific program/project needs. The target users of this handbook are engineers involved in the design, analysis and verification of launchers and spacecraft in relation to insert usage. The current know‐how is documented in this handbook in order to make expertise to all European developers of space systems. It is a guidelines document, therefore it includes advisory information rather than requirements.
CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 49.030.99 - Other fasteners; 49.140 - Space systems and operations. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/496. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2022
Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik za oblikovanje vstavkov
Space engineering - Insert design handbook
Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch zu Einsätzen
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception d’inserts
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT CEN/TR 17603-32-22
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
June 2022
ICS 49.030.99; 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Insert design handbook
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception d'inserts Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch zu Einsätzen
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 17 May 2022. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 5.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
Ref. No. CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 27
1 Scope . 28
2 References . 29
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 30
4 Insert system . 67
4.1 Insert systems and components . 67
4.1.1 Inserts . 67
4.1.2 Insert system components . 69
4.1.3 Loading modes . 70
5 Insert . 71
5.1 General . 71
5.2 Types. 71
5.2.1 General . 71
5.2.2 Group A . 71
5.2.3 Group B . 73
5.2.4 Group C . 73
5.2.5 Potting methods . 74
5.2.6 Injection . 74
5.3 Sizes. 75
5.3.1 General . 75
5.3.2 Standards . 75
5.3.3 Strength . 76
5.3.4 Standardised diameters . 77
5.3.5 Standardised heights . 78
5.4 Materials . 79
5.4.1 General . 79
5.4.2 Aluminium alloys . 80
5.4.3 Titanium alloys . 80
5.4.4 Steels . 81
5.4.5 Material selection . 81
5.5 Surface protection. 81
5.5.1 General . 81
5.5.2 Aluminium alloy . 82
5.6 References . 83
5.6.1 General . 83
5.6.2 ECSS standards . 83
6 Sandwich panels . 84
6.1 Sandwich properties . 84
6.1.1 Insert load-bearing capability . 84
6.1.2 Sandwich dimensions . 85
6.2 Face sheet properties . 85
6.2.1 Tensile and compressive loading . 85
6.2.2 Shear loading . 87
6.2.3 Other loads . 89
6.3 Core properties . 90
6.3.1 Types of cores . 90
6.3.2 Hexagonal core . 90
6.4 Core shear modulus . 94
6.4.1 Data sources . 94
6.5 Core shear strength . 94
6.5.1 Data sources . 95
6.6 Core tensile strength . 95
6.6.1 Data sources . 95
6.6.2 Aluminium core . 95
6.6.3 Non-metallic cores . 95
6.7 Core compressive strength . 96
6.8 Core to face sheet bond . 96
6.9 References . 96
7 Embedding of inserts . 97
7.1 Potting compounds . 97
7.1.1 Commercial products . 97
7.1.2 Modification of properties . 99
7.2 Potting and equivalent dimensions . 99
7.2.1 Insert load capability . 99
7.2.2 Increasing insert tensile capability . 101
7.3 Effective potting radius, or equivalent dimension . 101
7.3.1 Minimum value . 102
7.3.2 Average value . 102
7.3.3 Relationship of minimum and average values . 103
7.4 Real potting radius, or equivalent dimension . 104
7.4.1 Minimum value . 104
7.4.2 Average value . 104
7.4.3 Relationship between minimum and average values . 104
7.5 Potting height . 105
7.5.1 Full potting . 105
7.5.2 Partial potting . 106
7.5.3 Minimum value . 106
7.5.4 Average value . 106
7.5.5 Relationship of minimum and average values . 106
7.6 Potting mass . 108
7.6.1 Effect of core and insert characteristics . 108
7.6.2 Total mass of insert system . 110
7.7 References . 110
7.7.1 General . 110
7.7.2 ECSS standards . 110
8 Mechanics of sandwich structures . 111
8.1 Structural sandwich concept . 111
8.1.1 Properties of constituent materials . 112
8.1.2 Fundamentals of classical ‘antiplane’ sandwich theory . 113
8.2 Structural failure modes . 116
8.2.1 Global failure modes . 117
8.2.2 Local failure modes . 118
8.3 Load introduction aspects and discontinuities . 118
8.3.1 General . 118
8.3.2 Local bending response . 119
8.3.3 Antiplane-type theory . 120
8.3.4 Finite element analysis . 120
8.3.5 Elastic foundation model . 120
8.3.6 Transverse flexibility . 120
8.3.7 Higher-order sandwich beam theory . 120
8.4 Sandwich plates with potted inserts . 121
8.4.1 Classification of potted insert types . 121
8.4.2 Load transfer . 122
8.4.3 External load cases . 122
8.4.4 Example . 124
8.4.5 Purpose of the potting compound . 129
8.4.6 Design guidelines . 129
8.5 Remarks . 130
8.5.1 General . 130
8.5.2 Antiplane theories . 130
8.5.3 Higher-order theories . 131 ®
8.5.4 ESAComp . 131
8.6 References . 132
8.6.1 General . 132
8.6.2 ECSS standards . 134
9 Design aspects . 135
9.1 Design parameters . 135
9.1.1 Metal face sheets . 137
9.1.2 Composite face sheets . 137
9.2 Main load directions . 138
9.2.1 Out-of-plane load . 138
9.2.2 In-plane load . 139
9.3 References . 139
9.3.1 General . 139
9.3.2 ECSS standards . 139
10 Design considerations . 140
10.1 Insert arrangement . 140
10.1.1 Load capability . 141
10.2 Load conditions . 142
10.2.1 General . 142
10.2.2 Design guide . 144
10.3 Mounting modes . 148
10.3.1 General . 148
10.3.2 Flush-mounted insert . 148
10.3.3 Recessed insert . 148
10.3.4 Protruding insert . 149
10.3.5 Bonded flange . 150
10.4 Junction of components . 150
10.4.1 General . 150
10.4.2 Minimum value . 151
10.5 Adequate insert design . 152
10.5.1 Insert arrangement . 152
10.5.2 Typical spacecraft design . 152
10.5.3 Examples . 153
10.6 Selection of inserts . 153
10.6.1 General . 153
10.6.2 Sufficient static strength . 154
10.6.3 Safety factor . 155
10.7 Minimum and average insert capability . 155
10.7.1 Minimum . 155
10.7.2 Average . 156
10.8 Pre-design . 156
10.8.1 Load path for in-plane forces . 157
10.8.2 Load path for transverse forces . 159
10.8.3 Transverse and in-plane load interaction . 160
10.8.4 Proximity and edge effects . 160
10.9 Failure modes . 160
10.9.1 General . 160
10.9.2 Failures under out-of-plane loads . 161
10.9.3 Failures under in-plane loads . 166
10.10 References . 168
10.10.1 General . 168
11 Design flow chart . 169
11.1 Introduction . 169
11.2 Flow chart: Predefined sandwich and loads . 169
11.3 Flow chart: Variable main parameters . 171
11.4 References . 172
11.4.1 General . 172
12 Tensile strength . 173
12.1 Normal tensile load . 173
12.1.1 General . 173
12.1.2 Failure modes . 173
12.1.3 Shear rupture: core surrounding the potting . 174
12.1.4 Tensile rupture: core underneath the potting . 175
12.1.5 Tensile rupture: potting underneath the insert . 176
12.2 Basic parameters . 176
12.2.1 Out-of-plane loads: Insert strength . 179
12.3 Minimum and average design values . 181
12.3.1 Overview . 181
12.3.2 Minimum insert design values . 181
12.3.3 Average insert values . 182
12.4 Safety factors . 183
12.4.1 Load capability . 183
12.4.2 Failure modes . 184
12.5 Permissible tensile loads . 184
12.5.1 General . 184
12.5.2 Insert capability graphs . 184
12.5.3 Design values . 184
12.6 Influence of insert height . 185
12.6.1 Insert capability graphs . 185
12.6.2 Different insert heights . 185
12.7 Composite face sheet . 187
12.7.1 Effect of anisotropy . 187
12.7.2 Loading by moments . 187
12.8 References . 187
12.8.1 General . 187
13 Compressive strength . 188
13.1 Normal compressive load . 188
13.1.1 General . 188
13.1.2 Partially-potted inserts . 188
13.1.3 Potting strength . 188
13.1.4 Increased face sheet thickness . 188
13.1.5 Insert capabilities . 189
13.2 Permissible compressive loads . 189
13.2.1 Graphs of permissible static insert loads . 189
13.3 Composite face sheet . 189
14 Shear strength . 191
14.1 Shear (in-plane) load . 191
14.1.1 Effect of in-plane load . 191
14.1.2 Effect of face sheet material . 192
14.1.3 Effect of partial clamping . 192
14.2 Permissible shear load . 192
14.3 Composite face sheet . 193
14.3.1 Strength . 193
14.3.2 Face sheets . 196
14.3.3 CFRP face sheets . 196
14.3.4 Effect of panel layout . 201
14.3.5 Sensitivity of insert strength in face sheets . 202
14.3.6 Effect of thin CFRP face sheet . 203
14.4 References . 204
14.4.1 General . 204
15 Bending strength . 205
15.1 Bending load . 205
15.2 Permissible bending load . 206
15.3 Composite face sheet . 207
15.4 References . 208
15.4.1 General . 208
16 Torsional strength . 209
16.1 Torsional load . 209
16.2 Permissible torsion load . 209
16.2.1 General . 209
16.2.2 Metallic core . 209
16.2.3 Non-metallic core . 210
16.3 Composite face sheets . 210
16.4 References . 211
16.4.1 General . 211
17 Combined loads . 212
17.1 Inclined load . 212
17.2 General load combinations . 213
18 Edge influence . 214
18.1 Edge distance: Out-of-plane loading . 214
18.2 Edge distance: Shear loaded . 215
18.2.1 General . 215
18.2.2 Metallic face sheets . 216
18.2.3 Non-metallic face sheets . 216
18.3 Composite face sheets . 217
18.3.1 Out-of-plane loading . 217
18.3.2 In-plane loaded inserts . 217
18.4 References . 217
18.4.1 General . 217
19 Insert groups . 218
19.1 Two inserts: Loaded in same direction . 218
19.1.1 General . 218
19.1.2 Close inserts . 218
19.1.3 Distant inserts . 219
19.1.4 Effect of load . 219
19.2 Two inserts: Loaded in opposite directions . 220
19.2.1 General . 220
19.2.2 Close inserts . 221
19.2.3 Distant inserts . 221
19.3 Series of inserts: Loaded in same direction. 221
19.3.1 Overview . 221
19.3.2 First and last inserts . 221
19.3.3 Intermediate inserts . 222
19.3.4 Example . 222
19.4 Series of inserts: Loaded in opposite directions . 223
19.4.1 Overview . 223
19.4.2 First and last insert . 224
19.4.3 Intermediate inserts . 224
19.5 Insert groups: Loaded in same direction . 224
19.5.1 General . 224
19.5.2 Equal and equidistant inserts . 224
19.6 Composite face sheets . 226
19.6.1 Out-of-plane loading . 226
19.6.2 In-plane loaded inserts . 226
19.7 References . 226
19.7.1 General . 226
20 Stiffness . 228
20.1 Introduction . 228
20.1.1 Overview . 228
20.1.2 Rotational stiffness . 228
20.1.3 In-plane stiffness . 228
20.1.4 Out-of-plane stiffness . 228
20.2 Analysis and test . 229
20.2.1 General . 229
20.2.2 Analysis . 229
20.2.3 Testing . 229
20.2.4 Comparison of analysis and test values . 229
20.2.5 Composite face sheets . 230
20.3 References . 230
20.3.1 General . 230
21 Fatigue . 231
21.1 Insert fatigue life . 231
21.1.1 General . 231
21.1.2 Potting . 231
21.1.3 Honeycomb core . 231
21.2 Core local stress: Normal loads to plane . 232
21.2.1 General . 232
21.2.2 Core circular stress . 232
21.2.3 Example . 233
21.3 Load-stress sequence: Constant amplitude . 236
21.3.1 General . 236
21.3.2 Mean stress ratio . 236
21.3.3 Maximum peak load . 237
21.4 Load-stress sequence: Spectra of constant amplitude . 237
21.4.1 General . 237
21.4.2 Example . 237
21.5 Fatigue life: Constant load amplitude . 237
21.5.1 Fatigue damage . 237
21.5.2 Fatigue life . 238
21.5.3 Re-evaluation of core strength variation . 239
21.5.4 Insert fatigue life: Metallic cores . 240
21.5.5 Insert fatigue life: Non-metallic cores . 251
21.6 Fatigue damage accumulation . 252
21.7 Non-metallic core . 252
21.8 Composite face sheets . 254
21.9 References . 254
21.9.1 General . 254
21.9.2 ECSS standards . 255
22 Environmental effects . 256
22.1 Insert under thermal conditions . 256
22.1.1 General . 256
22.1.2 Mechanical loading in a thermal environment . 256
22.1.3 Mechanical loading after exposure to a thermal environment . 256
22.1.4 Mechanical loading after thermal cycling . 256
22.2 Thermal: Reduction of permissible load . 258
22.2.1 Effect on permissible loads . 258
22.2.2 Coefficient of thermal degradation . 258
22.3 Other conditions . 259
22.4 Composite face sheets . 260
22.4.1 In-plane load under thermal conditions . 260
22.5 References . 260
22.5.1 General . 260
22.5.2 ECSS standards . 260
23 Manufacturing procedures . 262
23.1 Sequence . 262
23.1.1 General . 262
23.1.2 Sandwich panels . 262
23.2 Fit inserts . 263
23.2.1 General . 263
23.2.2 Positioning . 263
23.2.3 Perforated core . 264
23.2.4 Non-perforated core . 264
23.3 Inject potting compound . 265
23.3.1 General . 265
23.3.2 Process . 266
23.3.3 Flow characteristics . 266
23.4 Cure cycle . 267
23.4.1 General . 267
23.4.2 Resin system: Shur-Lok SLE 3010 . 267
23.4.3 Potting foam: Lekutherm X227+T3 . 267
23.4.4 Other resin systems . 267
23.5 Corrective actions . 268
23.5.1 General . 268
23.5.2 Final machining . 268
23.6 Reference sample. 268
23.6.1 General .
...
記事のタイトル：CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 - 宇宙エンジニアリング - 挿入物デザインハンドブック 記事内容：このハンドブックは、欧州のプログラムやプロジェクトにおけるエンジニアリングの挿入物と実践についての推奨事項を提供しています。特定のプログラムやプロジェクトのニーズに対応するためのガイドとして、契約やプログラムの文書で参照されることがあります。 このハンドブックの対象ユーザーは、挿入物の使用に関連したランチャーや宇宙船の設計、解析、検証に関与するエンジニアです。ヨーロッパの宇宙システム開発者全体に対して、知識と専門性を共有するために、現在のノウハウがこのハンドブックに文書化されています。 このハンドブックは要件ではなく、助言情報を提供しているため、ガイドラインの文書です。
The article discusses a handbook titled "CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 - Space Engineering - Insert Design Handbook." This handbook provides recommendations and practices for engineering inserts in European space programs and projects. It can be referenced in contracts and program documents to guide engineers in meeting specific project needs. The target users of this handbook are engineers involved in the design, analysis, and verification of launchers and spacecraft regarding insert usage. The main purpose of this handbook is to share knowledge and expertise with all European developers of space systems. It is important to note that this handbook provides advisory information rather than requirements.
제목: CEN/TR 17603-32-22:2022 - 우주 공학 - 삽입물 설계 핸드북 내용: 이 핸드북은 유럽 프로그램 및 프로젝트에 대한 공학 삽입물과 관련된 실천 방법을 권장합니다. 구체적인 프로그램/프로젝트 요구사항을 충족시키기 위한 지침으로서 계약 및 프로그램 문서에서 참조될 수 있습니다. 이 핸드북의 대상 사용자는 우주선 및 발사체의 설계, 분석 및 검증에 관여하는 엔지니어들이며, 삽입물 사용과 관련된 작업을 수행합니다. 이 핸드북에는 유럽의 우주 시스템 개발자들에게 지식과 전문성을 전달하기 위해 현재의 기술 노하우가 문서화되어 있습니다. 이는 지침 문서이기 때문에 요구사항보다는 지원 정보를 포함하고 있습니다.
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