CEN/TS 16637-2:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2014
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GLQDPLþQLSUHVNXV]DL]OXåHYDQMHVSRYUãLQH
Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 2:
Horizontal dynamic surface leaching test
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen - Teil 2: Horizontale
dynamische Oberflächenauslaugprüfung
Produits de construction - Evaluation de l‘émission de substances dangereuses - Partie
2: Essais horizontaux et dynamiques de la lixivation des surfaces
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16637-2:2014
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16637-2
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
August 2014
ICS 13.040.20; 19.040; 91.100.01
English Version
Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous
substances - Part 2: Horizontal dynamic surface leaching test
Produits de construction - Evaluation de l'émission de Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen
substances dangereuses - Partie 2: Essais horizontaux et Stoffen - Teil 2: Horizontale dynamische
dynamiques de la lixivation des surfaces Oberflächenauslaugprüfung
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 February 2014 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16637-2:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 11
5 Principle . 12
6 Reagents . 13
7 Equipment . 13
8 Sample preparation . 14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Provisions on test sample and test portion . 14
8.3 Determination of the geometric surface area . 16
8.3.1 General . 16
8.3.2 Regular test pieces . 16
8.3.3 Test pieces with partly irregular side face . 16
8.3.4 Irregular test pieces without any regular sides . 17
9 Test procedure . 17
9.1 Testing conditions . 17
9.2 Step 1 of the leaching procedure . 18
9.3 Steps 2 – 8 of the leaching procedure . 19
9.4 Measuring the loss of weight . 20
9.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis and analysis steps . 20
9.6 Blank test . 20
10 Evaluation of measurement results . 21
10.1 Expression of results in concentrations . 21
10.2 Expression of results in terms of area related release . 21
10.3 Calculation of release mechanism . 22
10.4 Calculating the loss of weight . 22
11 Documentation and test report . 22
12 Test performance . 24
13 Indirect methods . 24
13.1 Definition . 24
13.2 Provisions . 24
13.3 Examples of "indirect" methods . 24
Annex A (normative) Method for Granular construction products with Low Hydraulic Conductivity
(GLHC) . 25
A.1 Scope . 25
A.2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 25
A.3 Principle . 25
A.4 Equipment . 25
A.5 Sampling. 26
A.6 Procedure . 26
A.7 Data handling and reporting. 30
Annex B (normative) Assessment of release mechanisms (if required) . 31
B.1 Overview of release mechanisms . 31
B.2 Procedure of identification of release mechanisms . 32
B.3 Concentrations close to the limit of quantification . 33
B.4 Diffusion controlled release of a substance . 34
B.5 Dissolution controlled release of a substance . 36
B.6 Other release mechanism . 37
B.7 Calculation of release . 39
B.8 Examples . 41
Annex C (informative) Examples of the test set up for construction products (DSLT) . 56
Annex D (informative) Examples of data about the L/A ratio . 57
Bibliography . 58

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16637-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351
“Construction Products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is held by
NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This Technical Specification was elaborated on the basis of CEN/TS 15863 [1], which is based on
NEN 7375:2005 [2].
This Technical Specification specifies a dynamic surface leaching test for determination of surface dependent
release of substances from monolithic or plate-like or sheet-like construction products or granular construction
products with low hydraulic conductivity under standardized conditions.
CEN/TS 16637-1 deals with the determination and use of test methods for leaching of construction products
taking specific situations into account. Technical Specification FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) specifies
an up-flow percolation test to determine the leaching behaviour of granular construction products under
standardized percolation conditions.
Background information on characterization of leaching behaviour of construction products can be found in
Technical Reports provided by CEN/TC 351 (i.e. CEN/TR 16098 [3], CEN/TR 16496 [4]).
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The informative introduction describes the interactions and interrelations between the three Technical
Specifications CEN/TS 16637-1, CEN/TS 16637-2 and FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) developed to
assess the release of dangerous substances from construction products into soil, surface water and ground
water in the framework of the Mandate M/366. The horizontal test methods developed under the Mandate
M/366 are intended to be used to show compliance with notified regulations. The tests cover the release of
substances from construction products and in particular those that are regulated in notified regulations in one
or more EU member states.
CEN/TS 16637-1 specifies how the CEN Technical Product Committees and EOTA experts are to determine
the appropriate release method for the determination of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from
a construction product into soil, surface water and groundwater.
CEN/TS 16637-2 and FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) contain the two horizontal leaching tests that are
needed to address the leaching properties of the construction products. CEN/TS 16637-2 describes a test to
assess surface dependent release from monolithic, plate-like or sheet-like construction products while
FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) describes a test to assess release from granular construction products.
The test methods specified in CEN/TS 16637-2 and FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) can be used for both
steps in the hierarchy (type testing and factory production control) and are supposed to be used as the
reference test for the intended uses and conditions specified in CEN/TS 16637-1. In this hierarchy of testing
conditionally "indirect tests" can be used, but are not specified.
The release of substances upon contact with water results in a potential risk to the environment during the
intended use of construction products. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching behaviour of
construction products and thereby allow assessments of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances
from such products to soil, surface water and groundwater under intended conditions of use in relation to CE
marking.
Technical Product Committees are expected to apply the test standards developed in CEN/TC 351 for their
products in order to test the potential release of Regulated Dangerous Substances to soil, surface water and
groundwater. CEN/TS 16637-1 is intended to provide clear procedures to determine which test method is
appropriate for a given product. CEN/TS 16637-1 aims to provide the information, needed in a CEN Technical
Product Committee, on how to deal with the relevant test method(s) to enable the producer to declare a
performance in the CE marking as a result of the test. CEN Technical Product Committees are referred to the
informative Annex A and Annex B of CEN/TS 16637-1:2014and to CEN/TR 16098, [3], for background
information on the following aspects:
a) identification of the products addressed in the product standards which have relevance with respect to the
release of dangerous substances into soil, surface water and groundwater (products only applied in the
interior of buildings are not subject to testing for these properties);
b) description of the intended conditions of use of the construction product (e.g. above ground exposed to
the precipitation, or shielded from direct infiltration, in surface or ground water) in respect to the release of
Regulated Dangerous Substances into soil, surface water and groundwater;
c) identification of main release mechanisms.
Impact assessment is not part of the work of CEN/TC 351.
In addition to existing validation results, in 2011 CEN/TC 351 began an extensive research program on
robustness validation of the existing tank leaching and percolation tests. This was carried out by a consortium
of European experts on 20 construction products to unify differences from the protocols in different CEN
Member States and to check the influence of testing conditions on the test result (e.g. temperature, flow rate,
renewal scheme, etc. [5). The results of the research program confirmed the robustness of the horizontal tests
known from former works. Conclusions from the program have been implemented into the Technical
Specifications for the test methods. However, the performance of the leaching test regarding repeatability and
reproducibility is dependent on the tested construction product and on the testing conditions. When these
Technical Specifications of the horizontal leaching tests are adopted by CEN, the leaching tests referred to in
these Technical Specifications will not yet be fully validated. No data will be available on repeatability and
reproducibility for the range of construction products. For other, sometimes comparable, matrices performance
data are available from national as well as EU validation studies.
1 Scope
(1) This Technical Specification specifies a Dynamic Surface Leaching Test (DSLT) which is aimed at
determining the release per unit surface area as a function of time of inorganic and/or non-volatile organic
substances from a monolithic, plate- or sheet-like product, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution
(leachant). The test method is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions.
(2) This test is a parameter specific test focusing on identifying and specifying parameter specific properties
tested under specified conditions. It is not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of results to
specific intended conditions of use may be established by means of modelling (not included in this Technical
Specification).
(3) The modification for granular construction products with low hydraulic conductivity (Annex A) applies for
granular particles with so little drainage capacity between the grains that percolation in percolation tests and in
practice is nearly impossible.
(4) The test method applies to more or less regularly shaped test portions consisting of monolithic test pieces
3 3
with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions (volume > 64 000 mm (64 cm )). It also applies to plate-
2 2
or sheet-like products with surface areas of minimum 10 000 mm (100 cm ) exposed to the leachant.
Products designed to drain water (e.g. draining tiles, porous asphalt) and monolithic granular products
according to CEN/TS 16637-1:2014, Table 1, are also tested by this test method. All products to be tested are
assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered intended use.
(5) Metals, metallic coatings and organic coatings on metals are excluded from the scope of CEN/TS 16637-2
because the principles of this test (diffusion) are not obeyed by these products. Guidance on the need for
testing of these products is under consideration.
(6) For some coatings (e.g. some renders with organic binders according to EN 15824) in intermittent contact
to water, physical and chemical properties might be changed in permanent contact with water. For these
products CEN/TS 16637-2 is not appropriate.
(7) Guidance on the applicability of the test method to a given product is outlined in CEN/TS 16637-1.
NOTE 1 This test method is only applicable if the product is chemically stable and the matrix does not dissolve. For
construction products that may be used in contact with water this usually should not be the case as construction products
should then be dimensionally stable. If a product may substantially wear in its intended use, the test cannot provide proper
information. If the product contains a substantial amount of water-soluble compounds, e.g. gypsum or anhydrite, the matrix
may (partially) dissolve and lead to dimensional instability of the test piece. In this case the test standard also cannot be
used.
NOTE 2 Volatile organic substances include the low molecular weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil.
NOTE 3 It is not always possible to optimize test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances and
optimum test conditions may also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test requirements for organic
substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions suitable for measuring
the release of organic substances will generally also be applicable to inorganic substances.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14346, Characterization of waste - Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water
content
EN 16192, Characterization of waste - Analysis of eluates
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality - Sampling - Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples (ISO 5667-3)
CEN/TS 16637-1, Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 1: Guidance
for the determination of leaching tests and additional testing steps
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
eluate
solution recovered from a leaching test
3.2
laboratory sample
sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [6], 2.5.5]
Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared by subdividing, cutting, sawing, coring, drying,
grinding, mixing, curing or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the
laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for
the performance of the test or for analysis.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial
sample from the point of view of the laboratory.
3.3
leachant
liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure
Note 1 to entry: Usually demineralized water is used as leachant for laboratory leaching tests.
3.4
leaching behaviour
release and change with time in release from a solid product upon contact with a leachant as a function of
major release controlling factors
Note 1 to entry: Such factors are diffusion, pH, L/S or time.
3.5
release mechanism
physico-chemical processes that control the release of substances from a solid construction product into a
leachant
Note 1 to entry: In the case of monolithic products, the main release mechanisms for substances are diffusion,
dissolution, initial surface wash-off and depletion. Additional factors like pH or DOC also have influence on the magnitude
of the release.
Note 2 to entry: The release mechanism for every substance can be determined using the results of the release test
(tank leaching test). Determination of the release mechanism is relevant for modelling of the source term and so for
determination of the effects on soil and water over a time period.
3.6
liquid volume to surface area-ratio
L/A
ratio between the amount of liquid (L) which in a given step of the test is in contact with the exposed surface
area (A) of the test portion
Note 1 to entry: L/A is expressed in l/m .
3.7
monolithic product
product which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and mechanical properties that ensure its
integrity over a certain period of time in the considered intended conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Monolithic products are usually tested by a dynamic surface leaching test.
3.8
plate-like product
product formed as a semi-rigid or rigid plate, which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and
mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the considered intended
conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Plate-like products are usually tested by a dynamic surface leaching test.
3.9
release
emission
liberation of chemical substances (e.g. non-volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, salts) from
a construction product into soil, surface water or ground water or into the leachant of a test facility
Note 1 to entry: Release to soil, surface and groundwater can be expressed in terms of area related release (tank
leaching test, e.g. mg/m ) or in terms of mass related release (percolation test, e.g. mg/kg).
3.10
release rate
product specific rate describing the mass of a substance released from a product at a given time interval in a
laboratory leaching test
Note 1 to entry: The release rate is expressed in (mg/m )/d (tank leaching test) or in (mg/kg)/d (percolation test). The
first, area related release rate is also called “flux”.
3.11
leachant renewal scheme
selection of time intervals after which the leachant is renewed
3.12
sample
portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [6], 2.1.1]
Note 1 to entry: The manner of selection of the sample is usually prescribed in a sampling plan (x, y, z).
Note 2 to entry: The term “sample” is often accompanied by a prefix (e.g. laboratory sample, test sample) specifying
the type of sample and/or the specific step in the sampling process to which the obtained material relates.
3.13
sheet-like product
product formed as a flexible or semi-flexible sheet, which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and
mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the considered intended
conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Sheet-like products are usually tested by the dynamic surface leaching test.
3.14
test piece
single monolithic, plate- or sheet-like piece as part of the test portion
3.15
test portion
amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of known weight or volume
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [6]]
Note 1 to entry: The test portion might consist of more than one test piece.
3.16
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or for analysis
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [6], 2.5.6]
3.17
exposed surface
A
part of the total surface of the test portion exposed to the leachant
3.18
compacted granular product
granular product with a low permeability, due to very small pores between the particles
Note 1 to entry: Compacted granular products are usually tested by the method for granular construction products with
low hydraulic conductivity, because the percolation test is not applicable due to the low permeability of the products.
3.19
monolithic granular product
granular product with specific requirements on the grain size distribution to be tested in the dynamic surface
leaching test (DSLT)
3.20
release method for granular construction products with low hydraulic conductivity
GLHC
release test method in which a construction product with low hydraulic conductivity is exposed with one
defined surface to a leachant renewed at subsequent time intervals
3.21
dynamic surface leaching test
DSLT
release test method in which a monolithic, sheet-like or plate-like product is immersed in a leachant renewed
at subsequent time intervals
3.22
limit of quantification
LOQ
lowest value of a determinant that can be determined with an acceptable level of accuracy and precision,
determined at a level of 3 times the limit of detection
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply:
2 2
A geometric area of the test portion in m exposed surface of test piece(s), in m
c concentration of the substance in eluate i, in µg/l
i
m loss of weight, in g/m
a
m mass of the solid matter that has fallen off during the test, in g
s
R cumulative area release of the substance for period n including fraction i = 1 to n, in mg/m
n
r area release of the substance in fraction i, in mg/m
i
P test piece
V volume of the text portion
P
V volume of the leachant, in l
l
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply:
DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon
DSLT Dynamic Surface Leaching Test
GLHC test for Granular construction products with Low Hydraulic Conductivity
FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
FPC Factory Production Control
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
PE polyethylene
PET polyethyleneterephthalate
PP polypropylene
PTFE polytetrafluorethylene
TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
5 Principle
(1) This Technical Specification describes a method to determine as a function of time the release of
substances from a monolithic, plate-like or sheet-like product with a leachant in contact with its surface.
(2) The test portion of the product is placed in a reactor/leaching vessel and the exposed surface is completely
submerged in a leachant. The leachant is introduced in the reactor up to a given volume of liquid to surface
area ratio (L/A ratio), at a given temperature and renewed at predetermined time intervals.
(3) The following test conditions are fixed:
a) the type of leachant (standard leachant pH-neutral demineralized water as specified in 6.2);
b) the temperature;
c) the L/A ratio (l/m );
d) the total duration of the test;
e) the number of eluates to be collected at fixed time intervals.
(4) This test method produces eluates, which shall subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and
ecotoxicological methods according to existing standard methods. Special precautions may be necessary with
respect to the choice of equipment design and materials, handling of eluates and prevention of biodegradation
when the leaching of non-volatile organic substances is of interest.
(5) For those products that have a too low hydraulic conductivity to perform a regular percolation test
according to FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) (e.g. clayey or paste-like products), a modified “Method for
granular construction products with low hydraulic conductivity (GLHC)” is given in Annex A. This method is
different from the DSLT with respect to the test equipment and sample preparation in order to ensure the
exposure of a well-defined surface. All other conditions (e.g. liquid to area ratio, renewal times, leachant and
data handling) are the same as for the regular DSLT.
(6) The eluate fractions are characterized physically and chemically according to existing standards.
(7) Loss of solid material from the test piece during testing is an indication of limited long term stability.
(8) The results of the test are expressed as a function of time, in terms of both milligrams of substances
released cumulatively per m of geometric surface area of the product exposed to leaching, and milligrams of
the substances released per liter of eluate, each after 64 d.
NOTE The results may be additionally expressed and reported in terms of the flux (milligrams of substances released
per m per second) for each eluate fraction as a function of time.
(9) The test conditions (L/A ratio, leachant renewal scheme) have been designed such, that the identification
of leaching mechanisms and their relative importance is enabled. The main leaching mechanisms that can be
distinguished and identified are:
a) diffusion (through the pores and / or from the surface to the bulk of the leachant);
b) initial surface wash-off;
c) other processes (e.g. solubility control, changes in speciation, depletion).
6 Reagents
6.1 General
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade, unless otherwise specified.
6.2 Leachant
Use as a leachant demineralized water or deionized water or water of equivalent purity with a conductivity
< 0,5 mS/m according to grade 3 specified in EN ISO 3696.
When the release of organic compounds is studied, the leachant might be stabilized with a preservative in
order to avoid biodegradation, e.g. sodium azide (NaN ) at a concentration of 0,1 %. For ecotoxicological
tests, preservatives should not be used. Addition of preservatives can also affect the release of inorganic
substances.
6.3 Rinsing solutions
Use as rinsing solution nitric acid (pro analyse), c(HNO ) = 0,1 mol/l and an organic solvent (e.g. acetone, pro
analyse).
7 Equipment
7.1 General
(1) Check the materials and equipment specified in 7.2 to 7.11 and 7.13 before use for proper operation and
absence of interfering elements that may affect the result of the test (see 9.6).
(2) The equipment specified in 7.4, 7.9, 7.10 and 7.12 shall also be calibrated.
(3) Usual laboratory apparatus, and in particular the following:
7.2 Leaching vessels or tanks
(1) Use leaching vessels or tanks of different size from glass or plastics (e.g. HDPE, PMMA, PTFE, PE, PET,
PP, PVC), which can be closed, to avoid prolonged contact with the air. If only non-volatile organic substances
are of interest, stainless steel may be used. If both inorganic substances and non-volatile organic substances
are of interest, glass equipment should be used.
(2) The contact with the air is kept limited to avoid uptake of CO from the air in case of leaching from alkaline
products. If necessary, the test may be carried out in a N atmosphere.
(3) The minimum distance between the exposed surface(s) of the test portion(s) facing the walls and the walls
of the vessel or tank shall be 20 mm, all around the test portion. Examples are given in Annex C and Annex D.
(4) Supports made of inert material shall be used to allow direct contact with water also on the bottom sides of
the test piece. Supports shall not affect significantly the surface area of the sample exposed to the leachant.
Sheet-like or plate-like products may be fixed on the inside of leaching vessel or tank with the exposed area
facing into the vessel/tank (see Annex C and Annex D) or be placed in the tank by attaching it to the lid with a
wire.
7.3 Diamond blade cutting device and/or core drilling device (dry process) or other appropriate
cutting tools.
7.4 Analytical balance, with an accuracy of at least 0,1 g.
7.5 Device for measuring sample dimensions, with an accuracy of at least 1 mm.
7.6 Measuring cylinders for volume determination, with 1 % accuracy.
7.7 Filtering device, either a vacuum filtration device (between 30 kPa and 70 kPa) (300 mbar to
700 mbar) or a high-pressure filtration apparatus (< 0,5 MPa) (5 bars).
7.8 Membrane filters for filtration of the eluates.
Use membrane filters with a pore size of 0,45 µm (e.g. cellulose acetate, PTFE) for filtration of the eluates to
be analysed for inorganic substances. Filters shall not be used for eluates to be analysed for organic
substances.
7.9 pH meter, with an accuracy of at least 0,05 pH units.
7.10 Conductivity meter, with an accuracy of at least 0,1 mS/m.
7.11 Glass or plastic bottles, e.g. glass, HDPE, PMMA, PTFE, PE, PET, PP, PVC.
Use bottles with an appropriate volume, and with screw cap, for eluate collection and preservation of eluate
samples (rinsed in accordance with EN ISO 5667-3).
NOTE For inorganic substances HDPE/PP bottles are preferred, except for samples analysed for mercury.
7.12 Redox potential meter (optional).
7.13 Centrifuge
Use a centrifuge operating at 20 000 g to 30 000 g using centrifuge tubes of FEP (fluorinated ethylene
propylene) or tubes of an alternative material, which is inert with regard to both inorganic and organic
substances and suitable to high speed centrifugation.
Alternatively, if a high speed centrifuge is not available, a centrifuge operating at 2 000 g to 2 500 g using
glass bottles may be used in combination with increased centrifugation time. Cooling shall be applied to
maintain the desired temperature.
8 Sample preparation
8.1 General
(1) The sample preparation shall consist of the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory sample and
preparing a test portion including the determination of the geometric surface area.
(2) Sampling shall be performed in accordance with the procedures described in CEN/TS 16637-1 in order to
obtain a representative laboratory sample.
NOTE Usually, the testing laboratory reports on sampling only when it performs the sampling to produce the
laboratory sample itself. It is recommended by CEN/TC 351 to the product TCs to include the complement to sampling (for
dangerous substances testing) in their product standard or guideline.
8.2 Provisions on test sample and test portion
(1) The test sample should be prepared from the laboratory sample according to the procedure developed by
the respective product Technical Committees.
(2) Store the test sample under appropriate conditions given by the respective Product Technical Committee
to minimize changes due to the exposure to atmosphere (drying, carbonation, etc.).
(3) The production date and/or curing time of the test sample shall be reported in the test report.
(4) For the performance of the DSLT, a test portion is required, consisting at least of one monolithic or plate-
or sheet-like test piece.
(5) To carry out the test at least one test piece is necessary, the structure, homogeneity and composition of
which are representative of the product to be tested. For each test piece (P) the smallest dimension shall be
greater than 40 mm (to avoid depletion) and the volume (V ) in Iitres must be known for practical purposes
P
and reported.
2 2
(6) For plate-like and sheet-like products, only 2-D minimum dimensions (10 000 mm (100 cm ) of exposed
surface) apply. However, in case of high release rates, it has to be justified, and corrections should be made
by recalculating the release at 64 d or retesting a larger test piece
(7) If a moulded or monolithic product to be tested is produced in a product format of which the smallest
dimension is less than 40 mm, this product can be used as test piece P if on one side a geometric area A to
be accurately determined is present of at least 7 500 mm , and the other sides are covered so they don’t
contribute to leaching.
(8) If the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, in order to prevent artefacts, the new created surfaces
should be sealed (covered) with an inert material unless otherwise specified.
(9) For the partial covering of a test piece with an impermeable layer, material shall be used that does not
have a disruptive effect on the diffusion process due to the giving off, absorption or (delayed) transmission of
substances to be tested.
NOTE 1 It has been found that acrylic resin is a suitable impermeable material for leaching tests on inorganic
substances with the DSLT.
NOTE 2 Guidance is given in CEN/TS 16637-1.
(10) Prior to testing, the test portion shall be inspected to ensure that it is in proper condition for testing (e.g.
no deep cracks or other damages).
(11) In order to increase the representativeness of a test result in one vessel a test portion can be tested that
consists of a number of test pieces. The exposed surface area of the test portion is, in that case, the total
exposed surface area of the individual test pieces. The volume (V ) and the geometric area A of test portion
P
should then be equal to, respectively, the total volume and the total geometric area of the combined test
pieces. The constituting test pieces shall be separated to prevent blockage of a surface.
(12) Certain construction products are produced as standard with a thickness of less than 40 mm, such as
slate roof covering, coarse ceramic roof tiles, thin tiles, hollow bricks or grass paver tiles. Generally, the
required strength of these products implicitly leads to materials with such a low release rate that during the
DSLT no depletion phenomena occur. For an optimum result in the DSLT such thin pieces shall be covered
on one side (see (8)).
(13) The age of products/test pieces is an important factor, which can influence the leaching behaviour. In
case the product results from a preparation in the laboratory the product should be cured sufficiently long
according to the common practice in product standards (if applicable) to determine the product properties to
avoid major variations in leaching due to ongoing changes in pore structure and in formation of release
controlling mineral phases.
8.3 Determination of the geometric surface area
8.3.1 General
(1) Shortly before the start of the leaching test, remove dust and loose particles from the test portion by
blowing gently using compressed air (quality sufficient to avoid oil contamination).
(2) The determination of the area of the test piece P is carried out by measuring characteristic geometric
variables of the geometric outer surface A of the test piece. A distinction is made between:
a) test pieces with a regular, clearly definable geometric area. The geometric area shall be determined in
accordance with 8.3.2, where these are test pieces that in all directions, measured perpendicularly to
each point of the outer surface, have a minimum dimension of 40 mm;
b) test pieces with a partial, irregular geometric area or test pieces thinner than 40 mm. The geometric area
shall be determined according to 8.3.3;
c) test pieces for which no regular side face can be identified. The geometric area shall be determined
according to 8.3.4.
NOTE For an accurate determination of the diffusion coefficient it is necessary to accurately and clearly determine
the geometric area of a test piece. For this purpose it is preferable to examine test p
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