CEN/TS 16637-1:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2014
*UDGEHQLSURL]YRGL2FHQMHYDQMHVSURãþDQMDQHYDUQLKVQRYLGHO1DYRGLOR]D
GRORþDQMHSUHVNXVRYL]OXåHYDQMDLQGRGDWQLKNRUDNRYSUHVNXãDQMD
Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 1:
Guidance for the determination of leaching tests and additional testing steps
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen - Teil 1: Leitfaden für
die Festlegung von Auslaugprüfungen und zusätzlichen Prüfschritten
Produits de construction - Evaluation de l‘émission de substances dangereuses - Partie
1: Guide pour la spécification des essais de lixivation et des étapes supplémentaires
d’essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16637-1:2014
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16637-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
August 2014
ICS 19.040; 13.040.20; 91.100.01
English Version
Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous
substances - Part 1: Guidance for the determination of leaching
tests and additional testing steps
Produits de construction - Evaluation de l'émission de Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen
substances dangereuses - Partie 1: Guide pour la Stoffen - Teil 1: Leitfaden für die Festlegung von
spécification des essais de lixivation et des étapes Auslaugprüfungen und zusätzlichen Prüfschritten
supplémentaires d'essai
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 February 2014 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
3.1 Sampling and products .8
3.2 Release and laboratory testing . 10
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 13
5 Determination of the appropriate release test method . 14
5.1 Step 1: Information on construction products that may be examined by leaching tests . 14
5.2 Step 2: Determination of test method . 14
5.2.1 Principles and general review of the test methods . 14
5.2.2 Product properties and test conditions for the determination of the relevant test method . 15
6 Adoption of modules for the product specific leaching standard . 18
6.1 Overview of the modules . 18
6.2 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 20
6.2.1 Introduction on sampling . 20
6.2.2 Objective of sampling . 20
6.2.3 Preparation of a sampling plan and sampling strategy . 20
6.2.4 Information from the testing laboratory needed to complement the product sampling plan . 23
6.2.5 Packaging and transport of laboratory sample . 24
6.2.6 Sample description and marking of laboratory sample and sampling report . 24
6.2.7 Chain of custody report . 24
6.2.8 Dispatch of product samples, time schedule . 25
6.2.9 Report on sampling . 25
7 Indirect methods . 25
7.1 Definition . 25
7.2 Requirements for indirect methods . 25
7.3 Examples of indirect methods . 26
Annex A (informative) Release scenarios and impact assessment . 27
A.1 Release scenarios and test determination . 27
A.2 Impact assessment and impact evaluation . 28
A.2.1 Source-pathway-target approach for impact assessment . 28
A.2.2 How to use “intended use” and “intended conditions of use” . 29
A.2.3 Impact evaluation. 29
A.3 Responsibilities . 30
Annex B (informative) Different types of leaching tests . 31
B.1 General . 31
B.2 Reference tests and indirect test . 31
B.3 Leaching tests for products with reducing properties . 31
Annex C (informative) Key concepts for product sampling . 32
C.1 Representativeness . 32
C.2 Uncertainty . 33
C.3 Sampling under various stages of production control . 34
C.4 Objective of sampling . 34
C.5 Preparation of a sampling plan . 34
C.6 Considerations on sampling strategy . 37
C.6.1 General . 37
C.6.2 Sampling approach . 37
C.6.3 Population and sub-population . 37
C.6.4 Scale . 38
C.6.5 Size of increments and samples . 41
C.6.6 Sampling of complex, composite and large products . 42
C.6.7 Sampling location and moment . 42
Annex D (informative) Example of a chain of custody report . 44
Annex E (informative) Example of a sampling report . 45
Bibliography . 46

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16637-1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351
“Construction Products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is held by
NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This Technical Specification deals with the determination and use of test methods for leaching of construction
products taking specific situations into account. It specifies preconditions under which leaching tests for
monolithic products and for granular products need to be selected.
Background information on characterization of leaching behaviour of construction products can be found in
Technical Reports provided by CEN/TC 351 (i.e. CEN/TR 16098 [1], and CEN/TR 16496 [2]).
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This informative introduction describes the interactions and interrelations between the release tests developed
to assess the release of dangerous substances from construction products into soil, surface water and
groundwater in the framework of the Mandate M/366. The horizontal test methods developed under the
Mandate M/366 are intended to be used to show compliance with notified regulations. The tests cover the
release of substances from construction products and in particular, those that are regulated in notified
regulations in one or more EU member states.
CEN/TS 16637-1 specifies how the CEN Technical Product Committees and EOTA experts are to determine
the appropriate leaching test for the determination of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from a
construction product into soil, surface water and groundwater.
CEN/TS 16637-2 describes a horizontal test to assess surface dependent release from monolithic, plate-like
or sheet-like construction products while FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) will describe a horizontal test to
assess release from granular construction products. The test methods can be used for both steps in the
hierarchy (type testing and factory production control) and are supposed to be used as the reference test for
the intended uses and conditions specified in CEN/TS 16637-1. In this hierarchy of testing conditionally
“indirect tests” can be used, but are not specified.
The release of substances upon contact with water results in a potential risk to the environment during the
intended use of construction products. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching behaviour of
construction products and thereby allow assessments of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances
from such products to soil, surface water and groundwater under intended conditions of use in relation to CE
marking and assessment and verification of constancy of performance.
Technical Product Committees are expected to apply the test standards developed in CEN/TC 351 for their
products in order to test the potential release of Regulated Dangerous Substances to soil, surface water and
groundwater. CEN/TS 16637-1 is intended to provide clear procedures to determine which test method is
appropriate for a given product. CEN/TS 16637-1 aims to provide the information, needed in a CEN Technical
Product Committee, on how to deal with the relevant test method(s) to enable the producer to declare a
performance in the CE marking as a result of the test. CEN Technical Product Committees are referred to the
informative Annex A and Annex B of CEN/TS 16637-1 and to CEN/TR 16098 [1], for background information
on the following aspects:
a) identification of the products addressed in the product standards which have relevance with respect to the
release of dangerous substances into soil, surface water and groundwater (products only applied in the
interior of buildings are not subject to testing for these properties);
b) description of the intended conditions of use of the construction product (e.g. above ground exposed to
the precipitation, or shielded from direct infiltration, in surface or groundwater) in respect to the release of
dangerous substances into soil, surface water and groundwater;
c) identification of main release mechanisms.
Impact assessment is not part of the work of CEN/TC 351.
In addition to existing validation results, in 2011 CEN/TC 351 began an extensive research program on
robustness validation of the existing tank leaching and percolation tests. This was carried out by a consortium
of European experts on 20 construction products to unify differences from the protocols of the different CEN
Members and to check the influence of testing conditions on the test result (e.g. temperature, flow rate,
renewal scheme, etc. [3]). The results of the research program confirmed the robustness of the horizontal
tests known from former works. Conclusions from the program have been implemented into the Technical
Specifications for the test methods. However, the performance of the leaching test regarding repeatability and
reproducibility is dependent on the tested construction product and on the testing conditions. When these
Technical Specifications of the horizontal leaching tests are adopted by CEN, the leaching tests referred to in
these Technical Specifications will not yet be fully validated. No data will be available on repeatability and
reproducibility for the range of construction products. For other, sometimes comparable, matrices performance
data are available from national as well as EU validation studies.
1 Scope
(1) This Technical Specification allows the identification of the appropriate leaching test method for the
determination of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from construction products into soil, surface
water and groundwater. This document provides a stepwise procedure for the determination of appropriate
release tests, including:
a) guidance for the identification of construction products potentially emitting Regulated Dangerous
Substances;
b) determination of the test method based on general product properties;
c) choice of the test method using specific product properties.
(2) Furthermore, this Technical Specification gives general guidance for CEN Technical Product Committees
on basic aspects (sampling, sample preparation and storage, eluate treatment, analysis of eluates and
documentation) to be specified in the relevant product standards.
(3) Metallic products, coatings on metallic products and organic coatings for metals are not considered in the
determination scheme of this Technical Specification since the test method in CEN/TS 16637-2 (tank test) is
not appropriate for the testing of these construction products due to a different release mechanism (solubility
control).
NOTE Metallic products are excluded from the scope of CEN/TS 16637-2 because the principles of that test
(diffusion) are not obeyed by these products. Metallic products have shown pH dependent solubility control, which means
that metals released from the oxidation layer on the metal until the maximum possible solubility level at the prevailing pH
conditions in the surrounding water is reached (more water in contact with the same metal surface means more metals
released and more time does not lead to more release due to solubility control). Maximum level of release can often be
reached in minutes to hours. More generally, it can be stated that expression of results for metallic surfaces in mg/(m2·s)
is always “conditional”, i.e. dependent on the local conditions at which the measurements were done, such as the volume
of water relative to the surface area. For impact assessment, it is necessary to understand the above mentioned effects
and to capture these effects in a test reflecting the dominant release mechanism. However, such a test method is currently
unavailable. If the intrinsic leaching behaviour is known, release under specified local conditions could be determined by
modelling. Furthermore, no notified regulations exist for metallic products at the time these Technical Specifications have
been published.
(4) It is assumed that intermittent contact with water (e.g. exposure to rainwater) is tested - by convention - as
permanent contact. For some coatings, (e.g. some renders with organic binders according to EN 15824) in
intermittent contact to water, physical and chemical properties might be altered in permanent contact with
water. These products are not considered in the determination scheme of this Technical Specification since
the test method in CEN/TS 16637-2 is not appropriate for the testing of these construction products.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 16637-2:2014, Construction products — Assessment of release of dangerous substances — Part 2:
Horizontal dynamic surface leaching test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Sampling and products
3.1.1
compacted granular product
granular product with a low permeability, due to very small pores between the particles
Note 1 to entry: Compacted granular products are usually tested by a method for granular construction products with
low hydraulic conductivity, because the percolation test is not applicable due to the low permeability of the products.
3.1.2
composite sample
average sample
aggregated sample
sample that consists of two or more increments, put together in appropriate portions, from which the mean
value of a desired characteristic may be obtained
[SOURCE: ISO 11074:2005 [4], 4.3.3, modified – editorial amendments]
3.1.3
curing
hardening of freshly prepared mixtures under well-defined conditions (time, temperature, humidity, etc.)
specified in harmonized product standards
3.1.4
curing time
(minimal) time defined as necessary for curing before a release test can be executed to perform relevant test
results
3.1.5
granular product
product composed of solid particles with a particle size smaller than a specified size or grading
Note 1 to entry: Granular products are usually tested by a percolation test. A Technical Specification on the
percolation test is under preparation.
3.1.6
increment
individual portion of product collected by a single operation of a sampling device which will not be tested as a
single entity, but will be mixed with other increments in a composite sample
[SOURCE: ISO 11074:2005 [4], 4.1.8, modified – editorial amendments]
3.1.7
laboratory sample
sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [5], 2.5.5]
Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared by subdividing, cutting, sawing, coring, mixing, drying,
grinding, curing or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the
laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for
the performance of the test/analysis or for the preparation of a test specimen.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial
sample from the point of view of the laboratory.
3.1.8
monolithic granular product
granular product with specific requirements on the grain size distribution to be tested in the dynamic surface
leaching test (DSLT)
3.1.9
monolithic product
product which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and mechanical properties that ensure its
integrity over a certain period of time in the considered intended conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Monolithic products are usually tested by a dynamic surface leaching test.
3.1.10
plate-like product
product formed as a semi-rigid or rigid plate, which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and
mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the considered intended
conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Plate-like products are usually tested by a dynamic surface leaching test.
3.1.11
population
totality of items under consideration
[SOURCE: ISO 11074:2005, [4], 4.1.11, modified – without note, editorial amendments
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “sub-population”.
3.1.12
sample
portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [5], 2.1.1]
Note 1 to entry: The manner of selection of the sample should beprescribed in a sampling plan (3.1.13).
Note 2 to entry: The term “sample” is often accompanied by a prefix (e.g. laboratory sample, test sample) specifying
the type of sample and/or the specific step in the sampling process to which the obtained material relates.
3.1.13
sampling plan
predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, preservation and transportation of product samples
3.1.14
scale
minimum quantity (mass or volume) of the product for which test results are obtained
Note 1 to entry: Information on characteristics of the product, including emission and variations therein, for a quantity
of product smaller than the defined scale, is judged to be unimportant.
[SOURCE: CEN/TR 16220:2011 [6], Annex A, 3]
3.1.15
sheet-like product
product formed as a flexible or semi-flexible sheet, which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and
mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the considered intended
conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Sheet-like products are usually tested by the dynamic surface leaching test.
3.1.16
sub-population
defined part of the population that is targeted for the purposes of sampling
[SOURCE: ISO 11074:2005, [4], 4.1.29, modified - specified]
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “population”.
EXAMPLE Consider a continuous production process that results in a specific product. The population for that
product is all the individual products produced between the moment the production process started (this may be years
ago) and the moment the production process ends (this may be years ahead). From the perspective of testing, this
definition does not provide a practical concept. Products produced in the past are no longer available for testing, while
products that might be produced in the (far) future are neither available. The term “sub-population” provides a workable
alternative, as the “start” and “end” of the sub-population can be defined in a practical way. For the same product, already
in production for a number of years, the sub-population might be the production of a year, the production of a month, or
what other definition is practical.
3.1.17
test portion
amount of the test sample taken directly for testing/analysis purposes, usually of known weight or volume
[SOURCE: IUPAC 1990 [5], 2.5.7]
EXAMPLE A bag of aggregates is delivered to the laboratory (the laboratory sample). For test purposes a certain
amount of the aggregate is dried, the result is the test sample. Afterwards the column for a percolation test is filled with a
test portion of dried aggregate.
3.1.18
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample from which test portions are removed for testing or for analysis
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990 [5], 2.5.6]
3.1.19
test specimen
test portion specially prepared for release testing in a test facility in order to simulate the releasebehaviour of
the product under intended conditions of use
EXAMPLE Cement is used in construction as ingredient for concrete. For testing purposes, a test specimen of
concrete is prepared for the release test, using a test portion of cement and adding additional ingredients (like aggregates)
with a well-known leaching behaviour.
3.2 Release and laboratory testing
3.2.1
test method for granular construction products with low hydraulic conductivity
GLHC
release test method in which a granular construction product with low hydraulic conductivity is exposed with
one defined surface to a leachant renewed at subsequent time intervals
3.2.2
digestion
mineralization of the organic matter of a sample and dissolving of its mineral part (as completely as possible)
when reacted with a reagent mixture
Note 1 to entry: Usually done with a strong, concentrated acid like aqua regia or nitric acid to dissolve inorganic
substances for chemical analysis.
[SOURCE: CEN/TR 16045:2010 [4], 2.2.2]
3.2.3
dynamic surface leaching test
DSLT
release test method in which a monolithic, sheet-like or plate-like product is immersed in a leachant renewed
at subsequent time intervals
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “tank leaching test”.
3.2.4
eluate
solution recovered from a leaching test
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “leachate”.
[SOURCE: EN 12457-1:2002 [8], 3.3]
3.2.5
leachant
liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure
Note 1 to entry: Usually demineralized water is used as leachant for laboratory leaching tests.
3.2.6
extraction
dissolution of substances in a solvent for subsequent chemical analysis
Note 1 to entry: Usually done with an organic solvent to extract organic substances for chemical analysis or for special
analysis of inorganic substances.
[SOURCE: CEN/TR 16045:2010 [7], 2.2.5]
3.2.7
impact assessment
model calculation with the purpose to assess the concentrations of Regulated Dangerous Substances at the
point(s) of compliance
Note 1 to entry: Impact assessment use the release test results (the source term) to calculate the environmental
concentration values of the substances at the point(s) of compliance by modelling the environmental transport for specified
intended uses and for specified intended conditions of use. The final step is the comparison of the predicted environmental
concentrations with the environmental limit values at the point(s) of compliance (impact evaluation).
Note 2 to entry: Impact assessment is not part of the standardization work in CEN/TC 351. The regulator is
responsible for the definition of relevant intended conditions of use, the modelling of the environmental transport, the point
of compliance and the limit values at the point of compliance.
3.2.8
impact evaluation
comparison of (predicted) environmental concentrations of substances to regulatory limit values in soil,
surface water or groundwater at a point of compliance as a result of release from construction products
Note 1 to entry: Such predictions are made based on the results of release tests which are translated to intended
conditions of use by modelling the source term and the environmental transport.
Note 2 to entry: The translation of test results to environmental concentrations is not part of standardization work in
CEN/TC 351.
3.2.9
intended use
intended use of the construction product as defined in the applicable harmonized Technical Specification
3.2.10
intended conditions of use
conditions of intended use
conditions that a product may be subjected to during service life and that influence its release behaviour
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are expressed in parameters such as temperature, amount of water during
exposure, wetting/drying; intended conditions of use may vary for instance as a function of time, location, orientation,
geographical location, etc. For simplification, intended conditions of use are transferred into release scenarios for test
purposes.
3.2.11
leaching behaviour
release and change with time in release from a solid product upon contact with a leachant as a function of
major release controlling factors
Note 1 to entry: Such factors are diffusion, pH, L/S or time.
3.2.12
modelling of environmental transport
modelling of environmental path
transport term
theoretical estimation of the transport of substances in the environment under specific intended conditions of
use based on test results or the source term for release of these substances
3.2.13
percolation test
PT
column test
release test method to determine the release of substances from a granular construction product packed in a
column with a leachant percolating through it
Note 1 to entry: A Technical Specification on the percolation test is under preparation.
3.2.14
point of compliance
point where concentrations of substances should comply with regulatory limit values for soil and/or
groundwater at a certain distance from the source
3.2.15
Regulated Dangerous Substances
RDS
substances, ions and radioactive substances that may present a danger for man or the environment during
normal use of construction products when installed in works and for which at least one European member
state has notified a regulation or the European Union has a Community regulation (including European
directives and regulations)
[SOURCE: CEN/TR 15858:2009 [9], 3.31, modified – without notes, editorial amendments]
3.2.16
release
liberation of chemical substances (e.g. non-volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, salts) from a
construction product into soil, surface water or groundwater or into the leachant of a test facility
Note 1 to entry: Release to soil, surface and groundwater may be expressed in terms of area related release (tank
leaching test, e.g. mg/m ) or in terms of mass related release (percolation test, e.g. mg/kg).
3.2.17
release mechanism
physico-chemical processes that control the release of substances from a solid construction product into a
leachant
Note 1 to entry: In the case of monolithic products, the main release mechanisms for substances are diffusion of
substances, dissolution of substances, initial surface wash-off of substances and/or dissolution of the matrix. In case of
granular products the main release mechanisms are washout and solubility. Additional factors like pH or DOC also have
influence on the magnitude of the release.
Note 2 to entry: The release mechanism for every substance can be determined using the results of the release test
(tank leaching test, percolation test). Determination of the release mechanism is relevant for modelling of the source term
and so for determination of the effects on soil and water over a time period.
3.2.18
release scenario (related to test method)
model description of the release of substances from construction products into their immediate soil and water
environments and of the chemical, physical and geometrical parameters that influence this release; this
description forms the basis for defining the test methods as a function of the products and its intended use
Note 1 to entry: For soil, groundwater and surface water, three release scenarios have been defined for impermeable,
low permeable and permeable construction products. Release scenario should not be confused with modelling of
environmental transport.
3.2.19
source term
calculated, long term release rate or release function of a substance from a product related to intended
conditions of use, which is used for modelling of environmental transport
3.2.20
tank leaching test
tank test
dynamic surface leaching test (DSLT) or test method for granular construction products with low hydraulic
conductivity (GLHC)
3.2.21
testing laboratory
laboratory which measures, examines, tests, calibrates or otherwise determines the characteristics or
performance of materials or construction products
4 Symbols and abbreviations
DSLT Dynamic Surface Leaching Test
EOTA European Organization for Technical Approvals
ETA European Technical Approval/Assessment
FPC Factory Production Control
GLHC Test method for Granular products with Low Hydraulic Conductivity
hEN Harmonized European Standard
PTD Product Type Determination
PT Percolation Test
RDS Regulated Dangerous Substances
5 Determination of the appropriate release test method
5.1 Step 1: Information on construction products that may be examined by leaching tests
This clause gives information for identification of construction products that maybe examined by leaching
tests.
NOTE 1 All construction products are able to release substances to soil, groundwater and surface water due to the
contact with water during the use of the product. Further background is given in CEN/TR 16098 [1].
1)
NOTE 2 Obligations on leaching testsarise when the standardization mandates to CEN are amended by the
European Commission to include requirements on the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances into the product
specifications (hEN or ETA). Background for the extension of the product mandates are existing national and European
regulations. A significant part of this legislation is collated in a European database “CP-DS” (construction products —
2)
.
dangerous substances)
5.2 Step 2: Determination of test method
5.2.1 Principles and general review of the test methods
(1) The user of this Technical Specification shall determine the appropriate test methods for the respective
product(s) in applying the stepwise procedure given in this Technical Specification. Furthermore the CEN
Product Technical Committees or the EOTA experts shall determine the appropriate test methods for the
respective product(s) in close cooperation with CEN/TC 351 applying the stepwise procedure given in this
Technical Specification.
(2) To determine the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from construction products into soil,
surface water and groundwater generally two different test set-ups are applicable:
a) The dynamic surface leaching test (DSLT) according to CEN/TS 16637-2.
CEN/TS 16637-2 specifies a method to determine as a function of time the release of substances from a
monolithic, plate-like or sheet-like product or from granular construction products with low hydraulic
conductivity with a leachant in contact with its surface. A test portion of the product is placed in a
reactor/leaching vessel and the exposed surface is completely submerged in a leachant. The leachant is
introduced in the reactor up to a given volume of liquid to surface area ratio (L/A ratio), at a given temperature.
The concentration of the relevant Regulated Substances is analysed in the individual fractions of the eluate.
b) The percolation test (PT) according to FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation).
Typically granular construction products are subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid
ratio (L/S ratio) under specified percolation conditions. The construction products are leached under
hydraulically dynamic conditions. The eluates are collected in different fractions and the concentrations of the
relevant Regulated Dangerous Substances are analysed in the individual fractions. The method is a once-
through column leaching test and the test results establish the distinction between different release patterns,
for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local
equilibrium between construction product and leachant (for inorganic substances).
NOTE A Technical Specification on the percolation test is under preparation in CEN/TC 351/WG1. The protocol on
the percolation test will be included into this Technical Specification giving clear guidance on the selection of either the
tank leaching test or the percolation test for the determination of the release of Regulated dangerous Substances from
construction products.
1) The mandate amendments for dangerous substances are currently under preparation. All mandates for construction
products are available under:
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/standards_policy/mandates/database/index.cfm?fuseaction=genSearch.main
2) See http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds/.
(3) The point of departure for test determination is that the test method reflects the presumed dominant
release mechanism in practice. The basic distinction is made on whether the construction product in its
intended use is expected to show release mainly through diffusion or percolation.
(4) The dominant release mechanism in practice is linked to general product properties allowing the choice of
the appropriate test method. The product properties are easy to determine characteristics such as
composition, shape, size and durability/stability of the construction product, as it appears during intended use.
These general properties of a product lead to one of two “release scenarios” as explained in the informative
Annex A. The release scenario is a description of the dominant release mechanisms expected in practice for a
certain product category with the same general properties. Each release scenario is associated with one test
method:
a) Release scenario I (impermeable or low permeable “monolithic”, “sheet-like” or “plate-like” non-metallic
products; mainly diffusion controlled release): dynamic surface leaching test according to
CEN/TS 16637-2 (standard procedure or method for granular construction products with low hydraulic
conductivity according to Annex A of CEN/TS 16637-2:2014 for a few products with specific properties);
b) Release scenario II (permeable “granular” products; release mainly controlled by equilibrium-like
conditions and percolation): percolation test according Technical Specification under preparation of
CEN/TC 351/WG 1.
5.2.2 Product properties and test conditions for the determination of the relevant test method
a) Monolithic products:
1) Monolithic products to be tested according to CEN/TS 16637-2 are:
3 3
i) products with all dimensions > 40 mm or a volume > 64 000 mm (64 cm );
2 2
ii) flat products (sheet-like, plate-like) with an area > 10 000 mm (100 cm) and one
dimension < 40 mm (4 cm);
iii) monolithic granular products fulfilling the requirements of EN 13450 for railway ballast
(categories G RB A, G RB B, G RB C, G RB D) or EN 13383-1 for armourstone with a
C C C C
density of at least 2 300 kg/m and corresponding to the requirements in Table 1. The
dimensions of the test pieces shall be in line with paragraph 1), i).
Table 1 — Requirements on monolithic granular product
Percentage passing by
Sieve size
mass
63 mm ≤ 100
40 mm ≤ 75
22,4 mm ≤ 7
2) For tiles that are produced in smaller entities that do not fulfil the size requirements for testing as a
monolithic or plate-like product but are intended to be used as larger, combined entities that do fulfil
the criteria, the test can be carried out on larger samples prepared from the smaller entities in
accordance with intended use.
3) Examples of construction products (impermeable products or products of low permeability) to be tested
according to CEN/TS 16637-2 are:
i) facade (e.g. bricks, concrete, wood panels, glazings, coatings);
ii) roof (e.g. flexible roof
...