ASTM E2307-23b

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2307 − 23b An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers
Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
A perimeter fire barrier is the perimeter joint protection that provides fire resistance to prevent
passage of fire from floor to floor within the building at the opening between the exterior wall
assembly and the floor assembly. A perimeter fire barrier is a unique building construction detail not
addressed by other fire test methods.
Among its other functions, a perimeter fire barrier impedes the vertical spread of fire from the floor
of origin to the floor(s) above, at the building’s exterior perimeter and accommodates various
movements such as those induced by thermal differentials, seismicity, and wind loads.
This test method describes criteria and test methods used to determine the fire resistance of
perimeter fire barriers when subjected to standard fire exposure conditions using the intermediate-
scale, multistory test apparatus (ISMA). The use of the multi-story test apparatus and this test method
are intended to simulate a possible fire exposure on a perimeter fire barrier.
1. Scope 1.4 Test results establish the performance of perimeter fire
barriers during the fire-exposure period and shall not be
1.1 This test method measures the performance of the
construed as having determined the suitability of perimeter fire
perimeter fire barrier and its ability to maintain a seal to
barriers for use after that exposure.
prevent fire spread during the deflection and deformation of the
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-
exterior wall assembly and floor assembly during the fire test,
while resisting fire exposure from an interior compartment fire tion about the perimeter fire barrier relative to the rate of
leakage of smoke or gases or both. While it requires that such
as well as from the flame plume emitted from the window
burner below. The end point of the fire-resistance test is the phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general
behavior of perimeter fire barrier during the fire-resistance test,
period of time elapsing before the first condition of compliance
is reached as the perimeter fire barrier is subjected to a such phenomena are not part of the conditions of compliance.
time-temperature fire exposure.
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not
addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are those specified by
1.6.1 The performance of the perimeter fire barrier con-
this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then
structed with components other than those tested, and
conform to the Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for
the remainder of the test in the test room. 1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of perimeter fire
barriers other than the cycling conditions tested.
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, meth-
1.7 This test method is used to measure and describe the
ods of test, and criteria for evaluation of the ability of a
response of materials, products or assemblies to heat and flame
perimeter fire barrier to maintain the fire resistance where a
under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate
floor and exterior wall assembly are juxtaposed to a perimeter
all factors required for the fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of
joint.
the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire condi-
tions.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire
1.8 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
Resistance.
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as E2307 – 23a. DOI:
10.1520/E2307-23B. information only and are not considered standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2307 − 23b
1.9 The text of this test method references notes and 3.2 Definitions:
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.2.1 blockout, n—a recess formed in the floor assembly to
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
accommodate the installation of the perimeter joint protection,
considered as requirements of the standard. flush with the wearing surface of the floor assembly.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 curtain wall assembly, n—either a rated or non-rated,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nonbearing exterior wall assembly secured to and supported by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the structural members of the building.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 exterior wall assembly, n—a curtain wall or a load-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bearing exterior wall that is either fire resistance rated or one
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
that is not.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 floor assembly, n—a fire resistance rated loadbearing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
horizontal separating element adjacent to and separate from the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
floor of the observation room.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Floor assemblies tested in accordance
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
with Test Methods E119 are required to be loadbearing.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.5 integrity, n—the ability of a perimeter fire barrier,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
when exposed to fire from two sides, to prevent the passage of
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
flame and hot gases through it and the occurrence of flames on
Building Materials
its unexposed sides as determined by using a cotton pad.
E108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
3.2.6 maximum joint width, n—the widest opening of the
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
perimeter joint as defined by the test sponsor.
and Materials
3.2.7 minimum joint width, n—the narrowest opening of the
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
perimeter joint as defined by the test sponsor.
E511 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using a Copper-
Constantan Circular Foil, Heat-Flux Transducer 3.2.8 movement cycle, n—the change between the minimum
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
and the maximum joint widths.
E1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hy-
3.2.9 nominal joint width, n—the specified opening of the
drocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assem-
perimeter joint as defined by the test sponsor that is selected for
blies
test purposes.
E1966 Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
3.2.10 observation room, n—the second-story room of the
2.2 Other Documents:
ISMA.
Uniform Building Code Standard No. 26-9 Method of Test
for the Evaluation of Flammability Characteristics of 3.2.11 perimeter fire barrier, n—the perimeter joint protec-
Exterior, Non-Loadbearing Wall Assemblies Containing tion that provides fire resistance to prevent the passage of fire
Combustible Components Using the Intermediate-Scale from floor to floor within the building at the opening between
Multistory Test Apparatus the exterior wall assembly and the floor assembly. The bound-
NFPA 285 Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of aries are the edge of the floor assembly and the interior face of
Flammability Characteristics of Exterior Non-Load- the exterior wall assembly in contact with the perimeter joint
Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Com- protection.
ponents Using the Intermediate-Scale, Multistory Test
3.2.11.1 Discussion—For the purpose of this standard, a
Apparatus knee wall is not to be considered as part of the exterior wall.
GA-600-2021 Fire Resistance and Sound Control Design
3.2.12 perimeter joint, n—the linear void located between a
Manual, 23rd Edition
juxtaposed exterior wall assembly and floor assembly to
accommodate various movements induced by thermal
3. Terminology
differentials, seismicity, wind loads, and misalignments of the
3.1 Terms defined in Terminology E176 and E631 shall
floor and wall during construction.
prevail for fire standard and building terms not defined in this
3.2.13 perimeter joint protection, n—a fire-resistive joint
document.
system located between the exterior wall assembly and the
floor assembly that fills the perimeter joint.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.13.1 Discussion—Fire-resistive joint system is defined
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in Test Method E1966.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3.2.14 separating element, n—a floor assembly or exterior
International Conference of Building Officials Inc., 5360 Workman Mill Rd.,
wall assembly.
Whittier, CA 90601.
National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA
3.2.15 splice, n—the connection or junction within the
02269-9101.
5 length of a perimeter joint protection.
Gypsum Association, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 480, Hyattsville, Maryland
20782. 3.2.15.1 Discussion—A splice is a result of the device or
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 1 Plan View of Test Room Burner Positioned in Test Room (See 6.3.2 for Dimensions)
method used to connect or join multiple lengths of the 5. Significance and Use
perimeter joint protection.
5.1 This test method provides for the following measure-
3.2.16 supporting construction, n—the arrangement of sepa-
ments and evaluations:
rating elements forming the intersection into which the perim-
5.1.1 Movement capacity of the perimeter fire barrier.
eter joint protection is installed.
5.1.2 Loadbearing capacity of the perimeter joint protection
3.2.17 test assembly, n—the complete assembly of the test
is optional.
specimen together with the test apparatus.
5.1.3 Ability of the perimeter fire barrier to resist the
passage of flames and hot gases.
3.2.18 test room, n—the first-story room of the ISMA.
5.1.4 Transmission of heat through the perimeter fire barrier.
3.2.19 test specimen, n—the specific test details of the
perimeter fire barrier.
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the perimeter fire
4. Summary of Test Method
barrier contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke,
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence
toxic gases, or other products of combustion,
and procedure:
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of
4.1.1 When the maximum joint width does not equal the
the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the
minimum joint width, the perimeter fire barrier is movement
perimeter fire barrier,
cycled before being fire tested.
4.1.2 A perimeter joint protection and its supporting con- NOTE 1—This test method does not measure the quantity of smoke or
hot gases through the floor assembly, the wall assembly, or the perimeter
struction are conditioned and fire tested.
joint protection.
4.1.3 During the fire test, the integrity of the perimeter joint
protection and its supporting construction is determined by use 5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the
of a cotton pad. perimeter fire barrier,
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 2 Plan View of Window Burner and Side Elevation View of Window Burner Location
NOTE 2—The information in 5.2.1 through 5.2.3 are determined by NOTE 3—Some exterior wall assemblies are made from sandwich
other suitable fire test methods. For example, Test Method E84 is used to panels, which use EPS foam or other similar materials that are combus-
determine 5.2.3.
tible.
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen under actual service
5.2.8.3 Spread of flame over the interior surface (room side)
conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,
of the test specimen from one story to the next, and
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the movement cycling of the
perimeter fire barrier established by this test method, NOTE 4—While it is a failure to have fire on the interior surface of the
observation room, this test method does not provide a measurement of that
5.2.6 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities
flame spread.
of the test specimen,
5.2.7 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear
5.2.8.4 Lateral spread of flame from the compartment of fire
resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness,
origin to adjacent spaces.
and so forth, and
NOTE 5—The exterior wall assembly, floor assembly, and perimeter
5.2.8 A measurement of the capability of the test specimen
joint protection are individual components. The capabilities of individual
to resist:
components are not part of this specific test method’s Conditions of
5.2.8.1 Flame propagation over the exterior faces of the test
Compliance.
specimen,
5.2.8.2 Spread of flame within the combustible core com-
ponent of the exterior wall assembly from one story to the next,
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 3 Example of an Exterior Wall Assembly with Window Opening in a Test Frame (See 7.3.1)
5.3 In this test method, the test specimens are subjected to changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method
one or more specific test conditions. When different test
to predict changes to the characteristics measured.
conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 4 Typical Copper Thermocouple Disc and Insulating Pipe (See 6.6 and 6.7)
FIG. 5 Typical Cotton Wool Pad Holder (See 6.8.2)
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 6 T-Shaped Sensor (See 6.10.1.1)
FIG. 7 Tube Sensor (See 6.10.1.2)
5.4 This test method is not intended to be used as the only intended as a specification for all attributes required by a
test method in the selection of a perimeter fire barrier. It is not
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 8 Exposed Thermocouple Layout on Underside of Observation Room Floor in Test Room (See 8.1)
FIG. 9 Exposed Thermocouple Layout in Test Room (See 8.2)
E2307 − 23b
perimeter fire barrier, or any of its individual components, in 6.3.1 The test apparatus in 6.2 shall be equipped with two
order for a perimeter fire barrier to be used in a particular gas-fired burners.
application.
6.3.2 Test Room Burner:
6.3.2.1 Position the test room burner inside the test room.
6. Apparatus
Construct the test room burner (see Fig. 1) as follows:
6.1 The test apparatus described in 6.2 shall be located
6.3.2.2 Use a nominal 2-in. (51 mm) OD steel pipe. The test
inside a test facility. The facility shall have provisions for
room burner shall be rectangular shaped with its longitudinal
supplying fresh combustion make-up air during the test. The
axis at least 78.75 in. (2000 mm) long and its transverse axis at
facility shall be constructed to allow for the exhaust of the
least 60 in. (1524 mm) wide. Extend 72 6 1 in. (1829 6
combustion by-products during the test, while not inducing
25 mm) of the test room burner into the test room.
airflow on the exterior face of the test specimen. The test
6.3.2.3 Drill upward facing nominal diameter 0.125-in.
facility shall protect the test apparatus and test specimen from
(3.2 mm) holes in the pipe. Locate the holes in the front “U”
weather conditions such as wind and rain.
shaped portion of the test room burner. Start holes at a nominal
location of 42 in. (1066 mm) from the back wall on both sides
6.2 Test Apparatus:
of the gas supply pipes and continue across the front gas supply
6.2.1 The ISMA consists of a two-story test structure
pipe. Place the holes nominally 1 in. (25 mm) on center.
consisting of a test room and observation room (see Fig. 2).
Each room in the test apparatus is square having inside length
NOTE 8—The holes drilled are nominal because they are made using a
and width dimensions (unfinished and unprotected by any fire
conventional ⁄8-in. drill bit, therefore, their size is dependent upon the
resistive materials) of 120 6 0.5 in. (3048 6 13 mm) and a tolerances of the drill bit.
height (unfinished and unprotected by any fire resistive mate-
6.3.2.4 Support the test room burner so that it is level and its
rials) of 84 6 0.5 in. (2134 6 13 mm).
horizontal centerline is 30 6 1 in. (762 6 25 mm) above the
floor of the test room.
NOTE 6—The test apparatus is similar to the one used in U.B.C.
Standard No. 26-9 and NFPA 285.
6.3.2.5 Center the test room burner in the test room using
Fig. 1 for reference.
6.2.2 The floors and roof of the test apparatus shall be
supported by columns and beams of a size that will support the 6.3.2.6 Equip the test room burner with a gas supply line
load of the floor and roof. These supports shall be located that is located outside the test apparatus. Wrap the entire gas
outside of both the test room and the observation room. The supply pipe system with a single layer of nominal 1-in.
floor of the observation room shall be 8 6 0.5 in. (203 6 13 (25 mm) thick ceramic fiber blanket, with a minimum density
3 3
mm) thick (see Fig. 8). of 8 lb/ft (128 kg/m ).
6.2.3 The three permanent non-bearing walls that form each
6.3.3 Window Burner:
room of the test apparatus shall support the insulation defined
6.3.3.1 Construct the window burner (see Fig. 2) as follows:
in 6.2.4.1 during the entire fire-resistance test.
NOTE 9—The window burner is similar to the one used in U.B.C.
NOTE 7—Concrete block, 8 6 0.5 in. (203 6 13 mm) thick, has been Standard No. 26-9 and NFPA 285 and is similar to the burner used in the
found to be acceptable.
“Spread of Flame Test” portion of Test Methods E108.
6.2.4 No insulation is required in the observation room; but
6.3.3.2 The window burner shall be rectangular shaped. Use
the interior surfaces of the test room shall be insulated.
a 60 6 0.5-in. (1524 6 13 mm) long piece of nominal 2-in.
6.2.4.1 Insulate the interior face of the walls forming the test
(51 mm) OD pipe for the front of the burner. Cut an upward
room with one layer of nominal 0.625-in. (15.9 mm) thick,
facing slot having a width and length measuring 0.5 6 0.06 in.
Type X gypsum wallboard and one layer of nominal 1.5-in.
(13 6 1.5 mm) by 44 6 0.5 in. (1118 6 13 mm), respectively,
(38 mm) thick ceramic fiber insulation, having a minimum
in the top of the pipe.
3 3
density of 8 lb/ft (128 kg/m ), on the interior face. The
6.3.3.3 Supply the window burner with gas at both ends
maximum insulation thickness permitted on each face is 2.5 in.
using nominal 1-in. (25 mm) OD pipe and a “T” junction at the
(64 mm). Insulate the underside of the floor of the observation
back of the window burner to provide uniform gas pressure at
room in the same manner, except the portion that is designated
the burner slot.
the “floor assembly,” which is adjacent to the perimeter joint
6.3.3.4 Wrap the window burner, including the slot, and the
protection, shall not be insulated (see Fig. 2 and 7.4).
entire gas supply pipe system with a layer of nominal 1-in.
6.2.4.2 Insulate the floor of the test room with two layers of
(25 mm) thick ceramic fiber insulation, with a minimum
3 3
nominal 0.625-in. (15.9 mm) thick, Type X gypsum wallboard.
density of 8 lb/ft (128 kg/m ).
6.2.5 Each room shall have one access opening with a width
6.3.3.5 Position the window burner so that the slot is facing
and height of nominal 3.5 by 6.75 ft (1.07 by 2.06 m). The
up and parallel with the exterior wall assembly. Align the
access opening of the test room shall be capable of being
horizontal center of the window burner slot with the window’s
closed during tests while the access opening of the observation
horizontal centerline (see Fig. 2). Locate the horizontal center-
room shall remain open during tests.
line of the window burner 9 6 0.5 in. (229 6 13 mm) below
6.2.5.1 Additional access openings are permitted in the
the window header’s surface on the exterior of the test room.
observation room for instrumentation and video; however, they
Place the window burner’s vertical centerline a maximum of 6
shall be closed during the test.
in. (152 mm) from the exterior face of the exterior wall
6.3 Burners: assembly. The window burner’s exact distance from the wall’s
E2307 − 23b
exterior face of the exterior wall assembly shall be determined 6.9.1 Use equipment, or device, capable of inducing a
during the calibration procedure, as specified in 9.6. desired load upon the perimeter joint protection.
6.4 Cycling Apparatus—Equipment (or device) shall be 6.10 Pressure-Sensing Probes—Except for the diameters of
used that is capable of inducing movement of a perimeter fire the steel tubes, tolerances are 65 % of dimensions shown in
barrier as specified in Table 3. Fig. 6 or Fig. 7.
6.10.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:
6.5 Test Room and Exterior Wall Assembly Thermocouples:
6.10.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 6, or
6.5.1 All thermocouples shall be a bare wire type.
6.10.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 7.
6.5.2 The twelve test room thermocouples used to measure
the temperatures in the test room, reference the thermocouples
6.11 Differential Pressure Measurement Instruments:
in 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3, shall be 18 gage Type K (see Figs. 8 and 9). 6.11.1 The differential pressure measurement instrument
6.5.3 The 14 thermocouples used to measure the tempera-
shall be:
tures on the exterior face of the calibration and test wall 6.11.1.1 A manometer or transducer, and
assemblies shall be no larger than 20 gage Type K (see Fig. 10).
6.11.1.2 Capable of reading in graduated increments of no
greater than 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) with a precision of not less
6.6 Copper Disc Thermocouples: 2
than 6 0.005 in. H O (61.25 Pa).
6.6.1 The copper disc thermocouples shall be covered by
pads as specified in 6.7 and shall:
6.12 Calibration Instrumentation:
6.6.1.1 Have a wire diameter of not more than 0.03 in.
NOTE 10—More information about the Gardon gage is contained in Test
(0.7 mm), and
Methods E511 and E1529.
6.6.1.2 Be brazed to the center of the face of a copper disk
6.12.1 Flow rate measurement equipment shall be provided
having the following nominal measurements: 0.5 in. (12 mm)
for each of the burners.
diameter and 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) thick (see Fig. 4).
6.7 Thermocouple Insulating Pads:
7. Test Specimen
6.7.1 Refractory fiber pads shall have the following proper-
7.1 The test specimen shall be representative of the con-
ties:
struction for which the fire-resistance rating is desired with
6.7.1.1 Length and width of 1.20 6 0.02 in. (30 6 0.5 mm),
respect to materials, workmanship, and details. Install the test
6.7.1.2 Thickness of 0.08 6 0.02 in. (2 6 0.5 mm), and
3 3
specimen according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure
6.7.1.3 Density of 56.2 6 6.2 lb/ft (900 6 100 kg/m ).
for conditions representative of those found in building con-
6.7.2 When necessary, shape the pads by wetting, forming,
struction.
and then drying them to provide complete contact on contoured
surfaces. 7.2 Perimeter Joint Protection:
7.2.1 Test each perimeter joint protection with manufac-
6.8 Cotton Pads:
tured and field splices. When the technique of the manufac-
6.8.1 The cotton pad’s nominal size shall be 4 by 4 by
tured splice is the same as the field splice, test only one splice.
0.75 in. (100 by 100 by 19 mm). Cotton pads are to consist of
The minimum distance between a splice and the nearest side
new, undyed, and soft cotton fibers, without any admixture of
wall of the observation room shall be 1.5 times the thickness of
artificial fibers. Each cotton pad shall weigh 3 to 4 g. The
the supporting construction or 12 in. (305 mm), whichever is
cotton pads are to be conditioned prior to use by drying in an
greater. The minimum separation between splices within a test
oven at 212 6 9 °F (100 6 5 °C) for at least 30 min. After
specimen shall be 36 in. (914 mm).
drying, the cotton pads shall be stored in a desiccator for up to
7.2.2 Fire test all perimeter joint protection at its maximum
24 h immediately prior to use.
joint width.
6.8.2 The frame used to hold the cotton pad is to be formed
7.2.3 The perimeter joint protection shall be at least 13 ft
of No. 16 AWG (1.31 mm) steel wire and is to be provided with
(4.06 m) long.
a handle that will reach all points of the test specimen
7.2.4 When the perimeter joint protection has vertical or
accessible from the observation room (see Fig. 5).
horizontal butt joints or seams as part of its design, these joints
6.9 Loading System:
or seams shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
7.3 Exterior Wall Assemblies:
7.3.1 The exterior wall assembly shall be a construction
TABLE 1 Gas and Heat Flow Rates
agreed upon by the test sponsor and laboratory (see Fig. 3).
Window
Test Room Test Room Window
Time Burner 7.3.2 The exterior wall assembly shall be representative of
Burner SCFM Burner Burner
Interval SCFM (m /
that used in common construction practice.
(m /min) Btu/min (kW) Btu/min (kW)
min)
7.3.3 The exterior wall assembly shall be secured to the test
0:00 - 5:00 38.0 (1.08) 39 064 (687) 0.0 (0.00) 0 (0)
apparatus at each end. These fastening details to the test
5:00 - 10:00 38.0 (1.08) 39 064 (687) 9.0 (0.25) 9252 (163)
10:00 - 15:00 43.0 (1.22) 44 204 (777) 12.0 (0.34) 12 336 (217) apparatus and those elsewhere within the test specimen shall be
15:00 - 20:00 46.0 (1.30) 47 288 (831) 16.0 (0.45) 16 448 (289)
representative of that used in practice.
20:00 - 25:00 46.0 (1.30) 47 288 (831) 19.0 (0.54) 19 532 (343)
7.3.4 Details of the erection shall follow the manufacturer’s
25:00 - 30:00 50.0 (1.42) 51 400 (904) 22.0 (0.62) 22 616 (398)
instructions and shall be typical of actual use.
E2307 − 23b
TABLE 2 Average Calibration Values
Time (min)
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
Test Room Average °F (°C) using TC’s in 8.1 1151 1346 1482 1600 1597 1648
(622) (730) (806) (871) (869) (898)
Interior Face of Exterior Wall Assembly Average °F (°C) 1065 1298 1433 1578 1576 1655
using TC’s in 8.3 (574) (703) (778) (859) (858) (902)
TC #2 - 6 ft (1829 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room on 602 870 952 992 1046 1078
Exterior Face of Exterior Wall °F(°C) (317) (466) (511) (533) (563) (581)
TC #3 - 7 ft (2134 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room on 679 1015 1121 1183 1245 1296
Exterior Face of Exterior Wall Assembly °F(°C) (359) (546) (605) (639) (674) (702)
TC #4 - 8 ft (2438 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room on 646 971 1096 1174 1245 1314
Exterior Face of Exterior Wall Assembly °F(°C) (341) (521) (591) (634) (674) (712)
TC #5 - 9 ft (2743 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room on 577 858 982 1063 1135 1224
Exterior Face of Exterior Wall Assembly °F(°C) (302) (459) (528) (573) (613) (662)
TC #6 - 10 ft (3048 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room on 521 765 875 949 1007 1106
Exterior Face of Exterior Wall Assembly °F(°C) (272) (407) (469) (509) (542) (597)
TC #7 - 11 ft (3353 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room on 472 690 787 856 913 1010
Exterior Face of Exterior Wall Assembly °F(°C) (244) (366) (419) (458) (489) (543)
Calorimeter 7 ft (2134 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room 5.81 ± 1.29 12.26 ± 2.58 16.13 ± 3.23 18.7 ± 3.87 21.94 ± 4.52 24.52 ± 5.16
2 2
W/in. (W ⁄cm ) (0.9 ± 0.2) (1.9 ± 0.4) (2.5 ± 0.5) (2.9 ± 0.6) (3.4 ± 0.7) (3.8 ± 0.8)
Calorimeter 8 ft (2438 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room 6.45 ± 1.29 12.90 ± 2.58 16.77 ± 3.23 20.65 ± 3.87 23.87 ± 4.52 25.81 ± 5.16
2 2
W/in. (W ⁄cm ) (1.0 ± 0.2) (2.0 ± 0.4) (2.6 ± 0.5) (3.2 ± 0.6) (3.7 ± 0.7) (4.0 ± 0.8)
Calorimeter 9 ft (2743 mm) above Top of Floor of Test Room 5.16 ± 1.29 9.68 ± 1.94 12.90 ± 2.58 16.13 ± 3.23 19.35 ± 3.87 21.94 ± 4.52
2 2
W/in. (W ⁄cm ) (0.8 ± 0.2) (1.5 ± 0.3) (2.0 ± 0.4) (2.5 ± 0.5) (3.0 ± 0.6) (3.4 ± 0.7)
TABLE 3 Conditions of Test Specimen Cycling
7.3.7.1 Below the floor of the test room a minimum of 2 in.
Movement Minimum Cycling Minimum Number of (51 mm),
Type Rates (cpm) Movement Cycles
7.3.7.2 Above the top of the test apparatus a minimum of
Thermal 1 500
24 in. (610 mm), and
Wind Sway 10 500
7.3.7.3 Past the inside edges of both sidewalls of the
Seismic 30 100
Combined 30 100
apparatus a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm).
followed by:
7.3.8 The exterior wall assembly shall completely close the
10 400
front face of the test apparatus except for a simulated window
opening in the test room.
NOTE 1—The terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic rate
in expansion and contraction of the perimeter joint and not of the
7.3.9 The window shall:
magnitude or direction of movement.
7.3.9.1 Have a height and width measuring 30 by 78 in. (762
by 1981 mm) with a tolerance of 60.5 in. (613 mm). The
exterior wall assembly shall include two layers of nominal
7.3.5 Prior to the test, the exterior wall assembly and its 0.625-in. (15.9 mm) thick Type X gypsum wallboard covering
components shall be conditioned as outlined in Section 10. an area extending downward from a horizontal line at the
7.3.6 The minimum height and width of the exterior wall elevation of the window lintel to the bottom of the exterior wall
assembly shall be 17.5 by 13.33 ft (5.34 by 4.06 m wide). assembly minus the window opening. The gypsum wallboard
7.3.7 The exterior wall assembly shall extend as follows: shall be located and fastened as shown on Fig. 14.
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 10 Thermocouple Layout on Visual Exterior Face of Calibration or Test Wall (See 9.4)
7.3.9.2 For the calibration wall, have a sill height of 30 6 7.3.10.3 The spandrel beam shall be as used in common
0.5 in. (762 6 13 mm), and for the exterior wall assembly, the construction practice. Protect any outriggers and additional
position of the window shall be documented in relation to the
connections as used in common construction practice.
bottom of the floor assembly that abuts the perimeter joint
7.4 Floor Assembly:
protection.
7.4.1 The floor assembly installed into the test apparatus
7.3.9.3 Be centered horizontally with respect to the test
shall have a fire-resistance rating and representative of that
room, and
7.3.9.4 Be the only opening in the test room at the start of used in common construction practice and be at least 12 in.
the test. (305 mm) wide and at least 13 ft (3.96 m) long.
7.3.10 Spandrel Beam:
7.4.2 The top of the floor assembly shall be located at an
7.3.10.1 Secure a spandrel beam to the underside of the
elevation 60.5 in. (613 mm) relative to the elevation of the
floor assembly construction when its use is required to repre-
top of the observation room floor.
sent the common construction practice attachment of the
exterior wall assembly,
8. Test Room Controls
7.3.10.2 Extend the spandrel beam across the test room
from one interior wall surface to the opposite interior wall 8.1 Test Room Thermocouples—Underside of the
surface of the test room. Observation-Room Floor:
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 11 Layout of Unexposed Surface Thermocouples (See 12.2)
8.1.1 Uniformly distribute at least five bare wire thermo- 8.2.2 Locate the end of the bare wire thermocouple used to
couples to measure the temperature at the underside of the floor measure the temperatures of the side of the test specimen 6 6
of the observation room (see Fig. 8).
0.25 in. (305 6 6 mm) exposed to fire from both the underside
8.1.2 The exposed length of the bare wire thermocouples of the perimeter joint protection and the interior face of the test
positioned at the underside of the observation room floor shall
room of the exterior wall assembly. Locate four bare wire
be at least 6 in. (152 mm).
thermocouples 24 6 1 in. (610 6 25 mm) apart and symmetri-
cally distributed from the centerline of the test assembly (see
8.2 Test Room Thermocouples Monitoring the Test Speci-
Fig. 9).
men:
8.2.1 Position at least four bare wire thermocouples to 8.2.3 Verify the distance established in 8.2.2 at intervals not
exceeding 10 min during the first 30 min of the test and
measure the test room temperature in the vicinity of the test
specimen (see Fig. 9). thereafter at intervals not exceeding 30 min.
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 12 ISMA / E119 Time Temperature Curves
FIG. 13 Typical Blockout (See 3.2.1)
NOTE 11—The method used to accomplish verification of thermocouple face of the exterior wall that is exposed to fire.
position is at the discretion of the laboratory. One possible method is to
8.2.4 Whenever the distance is not as specified in 8.2.2,
measure the distance of the thermocouple wire or tube prior to commenc-
ing the test and then extend the wire or tube until it touches the interior reset the distance to comply with 8.2.2.
E2307 − 23b
FIG. 14 Elevation View of Interior Face of the Exterior Wall Assembly Illustrating Gypsum Wallboard Location (See 7.3.9.1)
8.3 Interior Face Exterior Wall Assembly Thermocouples: surface of the perimeter joint protection. Locate the pressure
8.3.1 Place three bare wire thermocouples on the interior
sensors where they will not be subjected to direct impingement
face, exposed to the test room burner, of the exterior wall
of convection currents. Tubing connected to each pressure
assembly. Locate these thermocouples on the horizontal plane
sensor horizontal both in the test room and at its egress through
that is 72 6 1 in. (1829 6 25 mm) above the top of the test
the test room wall shall be such that the pressure is relative to
room floor as specified in 8.3.2 through 8.3.4.
the same elevation from the inside to the outside of the test
8.3.2 Place the first one on the intersection of the horizontal
room.
plane and the vertical centerline of the exterior wall assembly.
8.3.3 Place the second one on the horizontal plane 24 6
9. Calibration and Standardization
1 in. (610 6 25 mm) to the right of the one in 8.3.2.
9.1 Frequency:
8.3.4 Place the third one on the horizontal plane 24 6 1 in.
9.1.1 Perform the following calibration procedure to evalu-
(610 6 25 mm) to the left of the one in 8.3.2.
ate the flow rates of the gas burners:
8.4 Test Room Pressure:
9.1.1.1 Prior to product testing, or
8.4.1 The minimum vertical distance between pressure
9.1.1.2 When significant changes to the gas flow systems
sensors, referenced in 6.10, shall be one-half the height of the
test room or locate one probe 12 inches below the exposed are made (that is, new flow meters, and the like), or
E2307 − 23b
9.1.1.3 Within one year prior to the test of an actual product 9.5.3 Make the devices flush with the calibration wall
wall assembly. exterior surface.
9.2 Calibration Wall:
9.6 Calibration Test Procedure:
9.2.1 Construct the calibration wall for the calibration test
9.6.1 Start the calibration test and conduct it for 30 min so
of two layers of nominal 0.625-in. (15.9 mm) thick, Type X
that the burners are fired according to Table 1. Stabilize each
gypsum wallboard applied to both sides of 18-gage steel studs burner at its assigned flow rate within 15 s of each change.
spaced approximately 24 in. (610 mm) on centers. Tape all butt
NOTE 13—The type of gas used to fuel the burners is not critical
joints of the gypsum wallboard. Extend the calibration wall at
because Table 2 provides the temperatures that are to be obtained during
least 18 ft (5.49 m) above the floor of the test room and make
the calibration procedure. If those temperatures obtained during the initial
the calibration wall at least 14 ft (4.27 m) wide. calibration are not within the tolerance of Table 2, then the calibration
procedure is to be rerun in accordance with 9.10.
NOTE 12—The 23rd Edition of the Gypsum Association’s Fire Resis-
9.6.2 Conduct the initial calibration test with the window
tance and Sound Control Design Manual (GA 600 2021) provides a detail
of this construction designated GA File No. WP 1548.
burner positioned so that the vertical centerline of the burner is
flush with the exterior face of the wall assembly.
9.2.2 Make the interior surface of the window opening of
gypsum wallboard.
9.7 At the conclusion of the calibration test, compare the
9.2.3 Do not use a spandrel beam.
data obtained to the specified values in Table 2. To prevent
9.2.4 Measure the distance from the inside of the back wall
burner changes from affecting the data, determine the average
of the test room to the interior face of the calibration wall.
values for each time period using data from 15 s into the period
Record this measurement.
through 15 s short of the end of the period. For example, if the
9.2.5 When an opening between the test room and the
average for the 5-10 min time interval is being processed, use
calibration wall exists, fill it with a ceramic fiber material
the data from the actual times of 5:15 through 9:45 for the
having a nominal density of at least 8 lb/ft .
average.
NOTE 14—When the average calibration values in Table 2 are met, the
9.3 Preparation of Calibration Wall Construction:
time-temperature curve during the first 30 min of this fire test will be
9.3.1 Before conducting the calibration test, burn away the
higher than the standard Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve (see
paper facing of the gypsum wallboard on the exterior face of
Fig. 12).
the calibration wall assembly.
9.8 All of the determined average values for the locations
9.3.2 To accomplish this, ignite both the test room burner
shown in Table 2 shall fall within the tolerances of those
and the window burner while immediately adjusting the
specified in Table 2. The allowable tolerances for the compari-
burners to their maximum flow rates as prescribed in Table 1.
son of determined average values to the specified average
9.3.3 Run the burners for 5 min at these maximum flow
values in Table 2 are:
rates and then shut them off.
9.8.1 610 % for temperatures, and
9.4 As a minimum, record temperature measurements at the
9.8.2 As shown in Table 2 for the heat flux measurements.
following locations:
9.9 The values for thermocouples 1 and, 8 through 14,
9.4.1 At 14 locations on the vertical centerline of the visual
defined by 9.4.1.4 and as shown in Fig. 10, shall be reported,
face of the exterior wall assembly.
but they are not used in the calibration determination.
9.4.1.1 Place the first bare wire thermocouple 54 6 0.25 in.
(1372 6 6 mm) above the top of the test room floor. 9.10 When the actual test values are not within tolerance, do
9.4.1.2 Place the second bare wire thermocouple 18 6
the following until the determined values are within tolerance:
0.25 in. (458 6 6 mm) above the one in 9.4.1.1.
9.10.1 Repeat the calibration and the gas flows, or
9.4.1.3 Successively place each of the remaining bare wire
9.10.2 Adjust the window burner position.
thermocouples 12 6 0.25 in. (305 6 6 mm) above the one
9.11 Use the flow rates derived from the calibration test
previously placed (see Fig. 10).
when it is demonstrated that the burners must follow different
9.4.1.4 Successively number the bare wire thermocouples
flow rates to attain the following:
on the exterior face of the exterior wall assembly 1 through 14.
9.11.1 The prescribed test room temperatures, or
Number the thermocouple in the window opening #1 and the
9.11.2 Exterior temperatures and heat fluxes, or both.
thermocouple at the top of the calibration wall #14. The higher
9.12 When it is demonstrated that the window burner must
the location of the thermocouple, the higher the number of the
thermocouple. be repositioned within 0 and 6 in. (152 mm) of the calibration
wall’s exterior face to attain the prescribed exterior tempera-
9.4.2 Place three bare wire thermocouples on the face of the
calibration wall exposed to the test room burner according to tures and heat fluxes, then use the position derived from the
calibration test in all subsequent testing.
8.3.
9.5 Heat Flux Measurements:
10. Conditioning
9.5.1 Measure the total heat flux at a minimum of three
locations (see 6.12). 10.1 Prior to testing, condition the test specimen in air
9.5.2 Locate the devices on the exterior face of the calibra- having 50 % relative humidity at 73 6 5 °F (23 6 3 °C). The
tion wall, adjacent to thermocouples 3, 4, and 5 referenced in objective of this conditioning is for the test specimen to reach
9.4.1.4. equilibrium. Do not require the supporting construction to be
E2307 − 23b
conditioned with the perimeter joint protection. When condi- separate from it. Cycle each perimeter joint protection accord-
tioning to these conditions cannot be accomplished, conduct ing to the cyclic rate and number of movement cycles selected
the testing when the most damp portion of the supporting by the test sponsor as indicated in 11.3. One cycle consists of
construction and perimeter joint protection have achieved starting at the nominal joint width, opening to the maximum
equilibrium resulting from storage in air having 50 to 75 % joint width, closing to the minimum joint width, and returning
relative humidity at 73 6 5 °F (23 6 3 °C). to the nominal joint width.
10.1.1 Exception—Continue the conditioning only until the
11.5 Do not allow alterations or modifications, which will
supporting construction has developed sufficient strength to
enhance the thermal performance of the perimeter joint
retain the perimeter joint protection securely in position when
protection, during or after the movement cycling.
the following conditions occur:
11.6 Examine the perimeter joint protection after movement
10.1.1.1 An equilibrium condition is not achieved within a
cycling. Note, photograph, and report any indication of stress,
twelve-month conditioning period, or
deformation, or fatigue of the test specimen.
10.1.1.2 The supporting construction or perimeter joint
protection is such that hermetic sealing resulting from the
11.7 When a perimeter joint protection has been movement
conditioning has prevented drying of the interior of the
cycled separately from its supporting construction, remove it
supporting construction.
from the cycling apparatus, install it in the supporting
construction, and set it at the maximum joint width prior to fire
10.2 Determine the relative humidity within hardened con-
testing. This process shall not take any longer than 96 h.
crete with a method that uses an electric sensing element.
Determine the relative humidity within a supporting construc-
tion or test specimen made of materials other than concrete 12. Fire-Resistance Test Procedure
with a method such as one that uses an electric sensing
12.1 Test Assembly:
element.
12.1.1 Seal the exterior wall assembly against the test
10.3 Do not use wood with a moisture content greater than
apparatus with an insulating gasket between the wall assembly
13 % as determined by an electrical resistance method.
and the test apparatus. The length of the perimeter joint
protection exposed to heat and flame shall be at least 10 ft. Seal
10.4 When it becomes necessary to use accelerated drying
the open ends of the test specimen against air flow. Throughout
techniques, avoid procedures that will alter the characteristics
the test, check the seals at the ends of the test specimen and
of the test specimen from those produced as a result of drying
repair them, as necessary, to prevent air flow.
according to the procedures specified in 10.1.
12.1.1.1 Measure the distance from the inside of the back
10.5 Within 72 h of the fire test, obtain information on the
wall of the test room to the interior face of the exterior wall
actual moisture content and distribution within the t
...