ASTM C1262/C1262M-18

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1262/C1262M − 16 C1262/C1262M − 18
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast
Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1262/C1262M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the resistance to freezing and thawing of dry-cast segmental retaining wall (SRW) units (see
Specification C1372) and related concrete units. Units are tested in a test solution that is either potable tap water or 3 % saline
solution depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.
NOTE 1—Related concrete units include units such as hollow and solid concrete masonry units, concrete brick, and concrete roof pavers.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with this standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents
are not used in practice.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C140C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
C1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chamber capacity, n—the number of specimens contained within the test chamber during verification of chamber
temperatures and cycling.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The number of specimens in the chamber must remain the same at all times during testing. Chamber temperature cycling
verification must be performed at the chamber capacity that will be used during testing. If at any time during testing the actual
number of test specimens is less than the chamber capacity, dummy specimens must be used to maintain the same thermal load.
A change in chamber capacity requires verification of temperature cycling.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on Concrete
Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016July 15, 2018. Published January 2017August 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
C1262 – 10.C1262 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/C1262_C1262M-16.10.1520/C1262_C1262M-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1262/C1262M − 18
3.2.2 dummy specimen, n—a specimen with the same approximate mass as actual test specimens which is used to maintain a
consistent thermal load in a test chamber.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Dummy specimens could be leftover specimens from previous testing, additional specimens cut from manufactured concrete
products, or even a measured amount of sand approximately equal to the mass of the tested units. The dummy specimen is placed
in a sample container which contains an equivalent amount of test solution as used in the other test containers in order to maintain
approximately the same thermal load in the whole test chamber.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The procedure described in this test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on SRW and related
units in the presence of potable tap water or saline solution.
4.2 The procedure is not intended to provide a quantitative measure to determine an expected length of service for a specific
type of concrete unit.
NOTE 2—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Freeze-Thaw Chamber—Use a chamber that has:
5.1.1 Forced air circulation,
5.1.2 A programmable air-temperature controller capable of automatically performing at least two freezing and thawing cycles
per 24-h period during testing,
5.1.3 A temperature range of at least –10 to 100°F [–25 to 40°C], and
5.1.4 The capability of maintaining the air temperature throughout the chamber within the specified temperature ranges for the
duration of the test cycle.
5.1.5 The chamber shall comply with the temperature requirements for cycling contained in 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 at chamber capacity.
When testing is conducted, the total number of test specimens and dummy specimens combined shall equal the chamber capacity
used when the temperatures are verified.
5.2 Containers—Use containers that are:
5.2.1 Made of non-rigid plastic,
5.2.2 Of sufficient size to contain each test specimen and specimen supports as illustrated in Fig. 1,
1 1
5.2.3 Of sufficient size to provide a minimum of ⁄8 in. [3 mm] and a maximum of 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm] of test solution surrounding
the sides of the specimen,
5.2.4 Supplied with a tightly-fitting lid to reduce evaporation, and
5.2.5 Flat enough so that the specimen will not deviate from level by more than ⁄16 in. [2 mm] from one end of the specimen
to the opposite end when placed on the support rods.
5.3 Specimen Supports—Support the specimen above the container bottom. Use supports that are:
1 1
5.3.1 Rods having a thickness of ⁄8 6 ⁄24 in. [3 6 1 mm] and a width of the portion that contacts the specimens of no greater
than the rod thickness (see Note 3),
5.3.2 Made of a solid, non-corrosive, non-absorptive material (brass, plastic, and so forth), and
5.3.3 Capable of supporting the specimen in both the longitudinal and transverse directions (see Note 4).
NOTE 3—The rods can be of any cross-sectional shape (for example, round, square, or triangular) as long as the specimen is held off the bottom of
the container by the required rod thickness and the width of the portion of the rod that contacts the specimen is no greater than the rod thickness.
NOTE 4—Examples of longitudinal and transverse support configurations including placing the supports in an I, Z, or box configurations.
FIG. 1 Test Specimen in Freeze-Thaw Container
C1262/C1262M − 18
5.4 Temperature-Measuring Equipment:
5.4.1 Reference Temperature-Measuring Device—The reference temperature-measuring device shall be readable and accurate
to 60.5°F [0.2°C] within the range of use. A certificate or report that verifies the accuracy shall be available in the laboratory for
review. Verify the accuracy of reference temperature-measuring devices at intervals not exceeding twelve months. The certificate
or report shall provide documentation that the reference standard used in the verification is traceable to the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST).
5.4.2 Temperature Recorder—Equip the chamber with a device to record the air temperature every 15 min or less; this device
shall be accurate and readable to 2°F [1°C]. Verify the accuracy of the temperature measuring device at least every six months.
During testing, evaluate the data from the temperature recording device at least once every twenty cycles to ensure that cycles meet
the temperature requirements of 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. A record of this evaluation documenting the date checked, a confirmation that the
data is within the required temperature range, and the name of the individual performing this evaluation shall be maintained in the
laboratory.
NOTE 5—This requirement may be satisfied by an initialed and dated temperature recorder chart. Brief changes in the temperature due to door openings
should be ignored.
NOTE 6—A convenient time to evaluate the temperature results is when the chamber is stopped for residue collection.
5.4.3 To verify the accuracy of the temperature-measuring devices, position the reference temperature-measuring device in the
chamber in a readable position as near to the temperature-measuring device probe as possible. Close the door and leave undisturbed
for at least 5 min. Read the temperature immediately after opening the chamber door. Record the temperature readings of both
devices. If the temperature readings differ by more than 2°F [1°C], adjust or replace the temperature-measuring device.
5.5 Scales—Scales for weighing full-size specimens shall have a capacity of at least 50 % greater than the weight of the largest
specimen tested and shall be accurate to at least 1 g. Scales for weighing the filter paper and specimen residue (spall), as required
in 7.3.3, shall be accurate to at least 0.2 g.
5.6 Oven—A ventilated oven of appropriate size capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 230 6 9°F [110 6 5°C].
Ovens shall be verified in accordance with Practice C1093.
6. Sampling and Preparation of Test Specimens
6.1 Selection of Units—Select five whole SRW units representative of the lot from which they are selected. The units shall be
free from visible cracks or structural defects.
6.2 Freeze-Thaw Test Specimens—Test specimens shall consist of solid coupons saw-cut from full sized units. Do not saw-cut
test specimens from units that have been previously oven-dried. Do not subject test specimens to oven-drying prior to completion
of freeze-thaw testing.
6.2.1 Cut one coupon from each of the five sampled units. Cut the coupon from the exposed surface of the unit as the unit is
used in service unless the exposed surface is an architectural or other nonplanar surface (see Note 7). In the case of a unit with
an exposed architectural or other nonplanar surface, cut the coupon from another flat molded surface ideally as far as possible from
the architectural or other nonplanar face and in no case less than 2 in. [50 mm] from that surface. Immediately following
saw-cutting, remove loose particles and residue from the coupon by rinsing in tap water and brushing with a soft bristle brush. Do
not fully immerse coupons in water. Each specimen shall be marked with a unique identification number on the non-molded surface
of the specimen.
NOTE 7—Split-faced surfaces are the most common surfaces used to provide an architectural appearance to segmental retaining walls. However, other
means could be used to obtain similar architectural effects like tumbling, grinding, and slumping.
6.2.2 Sawing shall be performed in an accurate, competent manner, subjecting the specimen to as little saw vibration as possible.
Use a diamond saw blade of proper hardness.
6.2.3 Place the coupons on edge on a ⁄8 in. [10 mm] or coarser mesh such that there is an air space of not less than 1 in. [25
mm] between coupons. Allow the coupons to dry for not less than 48 h in laboratory air at a temperature of 75 6 15°F [24 6 8°C]
and a relative humidity of less than 80 %.
1 1
6.2.4 The thickness of each coupon shall be 1 ⁄4 in. 6 ⁄16 in. [32 mm 6 2 mm], unless the unit does not permit this thickness,
in which case the thickness shall be the maximum thickness that can be obtained from the unit. The thickness of the coupon shall
not be less than ⁄4 in. [20 mm].
2 2 2
6.2.5 The area of the submerged surface of the test specimen shall be at least 25 in. [160 cm ]and shall not exceed 35 in. [225
cm ], unless the unit does not permit a coupon meeting the minimum area, in which case the test specimen shall consist of two
2 2 2 2
coupons. The combined area of the two coupons shall be at least 25 in. [160 cm ]and shall not exceed 35 in. [225 cm ]. These
two coupons shall be tested as and considered to be a single specimen.
6.3 When compression and absorption testing will be conducted in addition to freeze-thaw testing, obtain a specimen (coupon)
for each test from each of five SRW units to facilitate correlation among the properties. If this is not possible, then obtain
compressive strength and absorption specimens from different units manufactured in the same production lot as the freeze-thaw
C1262/C1262M − 18
specimens. Take compressive strength and absorption specimens in accordance with Test Methods C140C140/C140M. Specimens
used for Test Methods C140C140/C140M tests shall not be used as specimens for freeze-thaw tests.
NOTE 8—While compressive strength and absorption values by themselves have been shown by research to not be reliable indicators of durability,
they have been shown to be good reference values for units manufactured from a given set of materials.
7. Procedure
7.1 Test Solution:
7.1.1 The test solution shall be either potable tap water or a 3 6 0.1% (by weight) sodium chloride saline solution (see Note
9).
NOTE 9—The 3 % saline solution can be prepared by adding 0.03 lb [3 g] of sodium chloride to each 0.97 lb [97 g] water.
7.1.2 The test solution shall be at a temperature of 60 to 80°F [16 to 27°C] when added to the container or when used to rinse
the specimens or residue.
7.2 Specimen Conditioning:
7.2.1 After preparation of the freeze-thaw specimens in accordance with Section 6, weigh each specimen to the nearest 1 g and
record as W .
start
NOTE 10— The weight W as determined in 7.2.1 is not required to be reported at the conclusion of the test, nor is it used to calculate the reported
start
weight loss of the specimen throughout the test. However, b
...