ASTM E2706-18

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2706 − 18
Standard Practice for
Equipment Technology and Operations for Mobile and
Plant-Based Secure Destruction Safety Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2706; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Commercial secure destruction has grown from a relatively obscure service, often offered as an
ancillary service by records storage providers or paper recyclers, to a stand-alone dedicated industry
sector with a unique operating profile and health and safety concerns.
In the following practice, secure destruction services using plant-based (fixed facility) or mobile
(truck-based) equipment are addressed.
The specifications and suggestions provided are offered as guidance only. They are meant to assist
secure destruction service providers in creating a reasonably safe environment for employees and
customers, and are not meant to be overly prescriptive.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice sets forth criteria for the design,
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
manufacture, assembly, modification, operation, maintenance,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
service, or repair of plant-based and mobile secure destruction
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
equipment.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This practice is applicable both to plant-based (fixed
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
facility)andmobile(truck-based)securedestructionoperations
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
engaged in collecting, receiving, storing, processing,
transporting, or combinations thereof, media and related items
2. Referenced Documents
to provide for secure destruction by physical or electronic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
alteration.
D4956 Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic
1.3 In this practice, minimum safety requirements are es-
Control
tablished with respect to secure destruction operations and
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
equipment.
Safety
1.4 This practice applies to both new and existing mobile 2.2 ANSI Standards:
and plant-based secure destruction equipment. ANSI B11.0 Safety of Machinery—General Requirements
& Risk Assessment
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
ANSI/ASSE Z244.1 Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout,
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
Tagout and Alternative Methods
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
ANSI Z245.2 Stationary Compactors—Safety Requirements
information only and are not considered standard.
for Installation, Maintenance, and Operation
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ANSI Z245.21 Stationary Compactors—Safety Require-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ments for Manufacturing and Reconstruction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupa- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tional Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.10 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Industrial Safety. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E2706-18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2706 − 18
ANSI Z245.30 Equipment Technology and Operations for 3.2.4 manufacturer, n—individual, corporation, partnership,
Wastes and Recyclable Materials—Waste Containers— or other legal entity that is in the business of designing,
Safety Requirements
constructing, and fabricating products; the term manufacturer
ANSI Z245.5 Baling Equipment—Safety Requirements for includes any intermediate or final-stage manufacturer,
Installation, Maintenance, and Operation
remanufacturer, or modifier.
ANSI Z245.51 Baling Equipment—Safety Requirements
3.2.5 media, n—information-bearingprint,electronicdigital
ANSI Z245.60 Equipment Technology and Operations for
devices, or other items that contain instruments used to contain
Wastes and Recyclable Materials—Waste Containers—
or convey information or data; includes both static (primarily
Compatibility Dimensions
print) media and electronic or digital media.
ANSI Z535 Safety Color Code
ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors 3.2.6 mobile secure destruction equipment, n—truck-based
ANSI/ISEA 107 High Visibility Safety Apparel and Head- machinery and tools used to collect, transport, process, or
wear Devices, Appendixes B and C
destroy information-bearing media.
2.3 SAE Standard:
3.2.7 plant-based secure destruction equipment,
J994 Alarm—Backup—Electric Laboratory Performance
n—stationary machinery and tools used to collect, transport,
Testing
process, or destroy information-bearing media.
2.4 OSHA Standards:
3.2.7.1 Discussion—Asusedinthispractice,mediaincludes
29 CFR 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/
digital storage devices that contain information or data.
Tagout)
3.2.8 secondary drive position, n—position in a dual-drive
29 CFR 1926.601 Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment,
configuration that is designed to be occupied by the driver
and Marine Operations
5 during collection.
2.5 DOT Standards:
49 CFR Parts 350–399, Subchapter 13 Federal Motor Car-
3.2.9 secure destruction, n—activity or service that destroys
rier Safety Regulations
information-bearing media.
49 CFR Part 567 Certification
3.2.10 secure destruction equipment, n—refers to the gen-
49 CFR Part 568 Vehicles Manufactures in Two or More
eral type of equipment used by commercial destruction ser-
Stages
vices to destroy information-bearing media.
49 CFR Part 571 Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standards
(FMVSS) 3.2.11 special work area, n—distinctly identified area, such
49 CFR Part 571.108 Lamps, Reflective Devices, andAsso-
as a system loading pit, where the use of guards and railings is
ciated Equipment functionally impracticable and specific training of affected
employees is effective in avoiding hazards within the area.
3. Terminology
3.2.12 sustained manual pressure control, n—control that
3.1 Definitions—For other terms used in this practice, refer
requires continuous pressure by the operator.
to Terminology E1542.
3.2.13 tipping area, n—area of a secure destruction facility
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
where incoming vehicles unload materials by placing the truck
3.2.1 access door, n—panel covering an opening on the
floor at an incline or using a walking floor.
equipment that is designed to allow access such that the entire
3.2.14 work brake, n—feature of certain vehicles that holds
employee’s body is inside the equipment housing for the
the vehicle in a stopped position after the vehicle has been
purpose of performing service or maintenance.
broughttoarest,usingtheservicebrake,topermittheoperator
3.2.2 collection and transfer equipment, n—motor-powered
to leave the cab temporarily to load material into the vehicle.
vehicles, including trailers, that may or may not contain
equipment for the loading, shredding, compaction,
4. Significance and Use
transporting, and unloading of material intended for secure
destruction.
4.1 This practice was developed to help manufacturers,
designers, maintenance personnel, trainers, owners,
3.2.3 container lifting mechanisms or lifting devices,
n—component mechanisms, such as (but not limited to) lifting employees, and customers of secure destruction services to
arms, forks, hydraulic cylinders, cables, winches, and revving provide a reasonable level of safety for everyone exposed to
cylinders, mounted to a foundation or stationary equipment hazards of equipment used to provide those services.
that are used to complete a lift-and-dump cycle of carts or
4.2 Sections1–3 provide general information and defini-
containers into the loading chamber of processing equipment.
tionsandapplytoallplant-basedandmobilesecuredestruction
operations and equipment covered by this practice.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
4.3 Sections 5–8 provide requirements for design,
PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
manufacture, reconstruction, modification, operation, and
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
maintenance of plant-based and mobile equipment used for
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
www.access.gpo.gov. secure destruction.
E2706 − 18
5. Design, Manufacture, Reconstruction, and 6. Instructions for Operations and Maintenance
Modification
6.1 Documented Operating Instructions—Manufacturers of
5.1 Design and Manufacture—Mobile or plant-based secure
mobile or plant-based secure destruction equipment shall
destruction equipment shall be designed and manufactured in
develop and provide documented operating instructions estab-
accordance with the appropriate sections of this practice. A
lishing practice lines for the appropriate installation, use,
detailed risk assessment (see ANSI B11.0) based on a hazard
cleaning, and care of mobile or plant-based secure destruction
assessment and job safety analysis shall be performed to
equipment. Such instructions shall include precautionary no-
determine the risks presented and safeguarding needed. Equip-
tices associated with the operation of the unit, transit position
ment shall be permanently identified with the name of the
of the equipment, and instructions regarding the use of safety
manufacturer, the date of manufacture (or a code traceable to
features.
the date of manufacture), and a compliance statement attesting
6.2 Reconstruction, Repair, and Modification—Any person
to conformity with this practice.
or company modifying mobile or plant-based secure destruc-
5.1.1 Modificationstothechassisofmobileequipmentshall
tionequipmentshallfurnishdocumentedoperatinginstructions
be done in conformity to vehicle safety standards in 49 CFR
establishing practice lines for the use, cleaning, and care of the
Part 571.
unit or component associated with the reconstruction (where
5.2 Body Mounting—Any person or company who installs
modifications occur) or modifications. Instructions shall in-
bodies upon chassis is considered to be the final-stage manu-
clude precautionary notices associated with the reconstruction
facturer for the purposes of this practice. They shall perma-
or modification.
nently identify the name of their company, the date of
6.3 Maintenance—The manufacturer shall develop and pro-
mounting, and a compliance statement attesting to conformity
vide a documented program for maintenance, including peri-
with this practice.
odic and regular inspections of mobile or plant-based secure
5.2.1 Body mounting shall be done in accordance with U.S.
destruction equipment.
Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements 49 CFR
Part 568. 6.4 Procedures for the Control of Hazardous Energy
(Lockout/Tagout)—The manufacturer shall provide docu-
5.3 Installation of Container Lifting Mechanisms and Cart
mented instructions for a hazardous energy control (lockout/
Lifters—Any person or company who subsequently mounts
tagout) procedure that shall isolate and render safe energy
container lifting mechanisms or cart lifters, or both, shall do so
sources, including hydraulic, pneumatic, potential, and kinetic,
in accordance with the appropriate sections of this practice,
except during maintenance testing. The manufacturer will also
applicable codes, local ordinances, and the manufacturer’s
provide information regarding the weight of any component
recommendations including, but not limited to, the following
exceeding 4000 lb (1814 kg) if additional props or blocking
requirements:
devices are required. The lockout procedure shall include, but
5.3.1 If installation of cart lifters interferes with the opera-
is not limited to, the following and shall comply with 29 CFR
tionorvisibilityofthemotorvehicle’srearlights(braking,turn
1910.147 and ANSI Z244.1 lockout/tagout standards:
signal, and backing), then the installer shall reposition original
6.4.1 Setting the parking brake and chocking the wheels;
or add supplemental lights to be at least as effective as the
6.4.2 Shutting down all power sources such as the truck
original design;
engine and auxiliary engines, and disengaging the power
5.3.2 Installation of cart lifters shall not compromise point
take-off system;
of operation protections; and
6.4.3 Removing the key from the vehicle ignition;
5.3.3 For mobile equipment, the lowest edge of the lifter
shallbenolessthan5 in.(127 mm)abovethegroundwhenthe 6.4.4 Installing a tag and lock on the steering wheel/
lifter is in its lowest position. electrical disconnect or other appropriate location, or installing
a similar device, such as a steering wheel cover;
5.4 Reconstruction/Modification—Any person or company
6.4.5 Placing frame and body supports as specified in 8.2.5;
reconstructing/modifying (including where permanent modifi-
6.4.6 Either placing operating equipment at the lowest
cations occur) mobile equipment and container lifting devices
position or installation of additional blocking devices, or both,
aftertheeffectivedateofthispracticeshalldosoinaccordance
topreventpossiblefreefallofanyraisedorelevatedequipment
with this practice and shall affix to such equipment their name,
such as tailgate(s), bodies, front loader arms, and side-lifting
the date of reconstruction, and a statement attesting to compli-
device or arm; and
ance with this practice.
6.4.7 Installing blocking devices before releasing stored
5.4.1 Modifications to mobile equipment shall be made in
conformance to DOT regulations 49 CFR 571 and U.S. hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, if maintenance is to be done
to the hydraulic or pneumatic system.
Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) regu-
lations 29 CFR 1926.601.
6.5 Additional Operating Instructions—If vehicles are
5.5 Stationary Compactors and Baling Equipment: manufactured in two or more stages, each intermediate-stage
5.5.1 Stationary compactors shall meet the requirements of manufacturer that installs secondary drive position(s) shall
ANSI Z245.2 and Z245.21. provide an operator’s manual with the vehicle that provides
5.5.2 Baling equipment shall be meet the requirements of instructions related to that manufacturer’s installation for
ANSI Z245.5 and Z245.51. vehicle use.
E2706 − 18
7. Operational Requirements contact with overhead obstructions. This provision does not
require the manufacturer to install extra lighting on the
7.1 Employer Responsibilities—The employer shall be re-
equipment.
sponsible for:
7.1.7.2 Container and Cart Lifting Devices—When con-
7.1.1 Compliance with Regulations—Ensuring that mobile
tainer lifting devices are used:
or plant-based secure destruction equipment is operated and
(1) Container and Cart Lifting Training—Training em-
maintained in conformance with manufacturer’s instructions
ployees in the proper use of container or cart lifting devices to
and applicable local, state, and federal codes and ordinances.
be encountered in the performance of their job;
Additionally, on mobile secure destruction vehicles, employers
(2) Container Lifting Device Load Limits—Ensuring that
shall comply with 49 CFR Parts 350–399.
the container or cart lifting device will not be used to lift any
7.1.2 Conformity to This Practice—Providing properly
weight established to exceed the load rating of any of the
maintained equipment in compliance with the requirements of
individual components of the container or cart lifting device;
this practice and its normative references.
and
7.1.3 Training of Public, Employees:
(3) Compatibility of Containers and Lifting Devices—
7.1.3.1 General—Assigning only trained public or employ-
When mobile collection vehicles are used to lift, load, unload,
ees to work (which includes driving, operating, loading,
or transport containers, ensuring that those containers comply
cleaning, servicing, maintaining, or repairing) on equipment
with the provisions ofANSI Z245.30 regarding container-type
that is subject to the provisions of this practice.
compatibility dimensions.
7.1.3.2 Training Criteria—Incorporating training require-
(a) Cart Lifter Cycle Time—Ensuring that the cart lifter
mentsintoasafetyprogram,asspecifiedinSection9,usingthe
cycle time has not been modified above the maximum indi-
information provided by manufacturers and employers accord-
cated on the marking.
ing to Sections 5 and 6.
7.1.7.3 Stationary Compactors and Baling Equipment—
7.1.4 Supervision:
When stationary compactors and baling equipment are used,
7.1.4.1 General—Monitoring the employee’s activities and
ensuring that operations meet the requirements of ANSI
taking appropriate action to ensure adherence to safe practices
Z245.2, ANSI Z245.21, ANSI Z245.5, and ANSI Z245.51.
and the employee requirements of this practice.
7.1.7.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)—Requiring
7.1.4.2 Access Doors and Service Covers—Ensuring that
PPE as appropriate to the tasks assigned to employees as
access doors and service covers are in place while the vehicle
mandated by regulations (see Table X1.1).
or equipment is in use, including machine guarding.
7.1.7.5 High-Visibility Apparel—Requiring high-visibility
7.1.4.3 Safety Device Removal or Disabling—Ensuring that
apparel as appropriate to the tasks assigned and conditions that
no person removes or disables any safety device, whether
employees will experience as prescribed in ANSI/ISEA 107,
installed by the manufacturer or added to the equipment after
Appendixes B and C.
market.
7.2 Employee Responsibilities—Employees who drive,
7.1.5 Maintenance Program—Implementing a program for
the maintenance of the equipment that will incorporate the operate, load, clean, service, maintain, or repair equipment that
is subject to the provisions of this practice shall be responsible
following elements:
for working safely, including the following:
7.1.5.1 Requirements for trained, competent maintenance
employees or contractors to perform inspection and repair 7.2.1 Receipt of Training—Perform work, as authorized by
work; the employer, in and around mobile or plant-based secure
7.1.5.2 Provisions for cleaning, inspection, and repair of destruction equipment that is subject to the provisions of this
practice only after being properly supervised, instructed, and
equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommen-
dations and in compliance with this practice, including regular trained in safe work practices relative to the work assigned.
periodic inspections to ensure that the technical requirements 7.2.2 General Work Practices:
of this section and Section 8 are maintained;
7.2.2.1 General Equipment Operation—The employee shall
7.1.5.3 Safety procedures, including safety signs, as re-
be familiar with the manufacturer’s operator’s manual and
quired in accordance with ANSI Z535; and
operate equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s
7.1.5.4 Confirmationofsafeconditionbeforeplacingequip-
instructions and the employer written safety training programs.
ment back into service after a reported malfunction or defect
7.2.2.2 Driving and Riding Positions—When driving or
that affects the safe operation of the equipment.
riding in the vehicle:
7.1.6 Hazardous Energy Control Program (Lockout/
(1) Follow the employer’s instructions regarding driving
Tagout)—Using, at a minimum, the manufacturer’s recom-
and riding positions;
mendedproceduresforthecontrolofhazardousenergysources
(2) Ride only in the cab and not anywhere else on the
(lockout/tagout) in a program complying with 6.4.
vehicle;
7.1.7 Providing safe conditions and equipment, including
(3) Keep cab doors closed and latched during transit;
the following: (4) Remain in driving or riding position(s) during collec-
7.1.7.1 Work Lighting—Supplying a minimum of 15 fc tionactivitiesuntilthevehiclehascometoacompletestopand
(161.5 lx) of lighting for mobile and plant-based operations. the brakes are set;
For mobile equipment, the requirement applies to visibility in (5) Wear seat belts at all times when the vehicle is in
areas of operation, including loading hoppers and potential transit, except as necessary during collection;
E2706 − 18
(6) Whenavehicleisbeingoperatedinreverse,ensurethat 7.2.4 Equipment Operating Practices:
the area behind the vehicle is clear;
7.2.4.1 Overhead Clearance—Ensure that there is adequate
(7) Do not cross or stand behind a vehicle operating, or
overhead clearance for collection operations and equipment
about to operate, in reverse;
positioned for transit as posted in the vehicle.
(8) Ensure the locations of all coworkers are known before
7.2.4.2 Automated Side-Loader Operation—Knowtheover-
operating the vehicle in reverse;
headclearancethatispossiblewiththenormaloperationofthe
(9) During transit, place and keep the lifting device in the
lifting device, arm, and the container for the normal loading
transit position;
path. Ensure that overhead obstructions and persons are free
(10) Be aware of the maximum overall height of the
and clear of the normal path.
equipment as posted in the cab; and
7.2.4.3 Tailgates—On vehicles, which are so equipped,
(11) Stand-up fork trucks shall be guarded to prevent any
ensure that all persons are clear of the tailgate before the
impalement or ejection of any part of the operator’s body.
tailgate is opened or shut, and the operator shall warn all
7.2.2.3 PPE—Use PPE and high-visibility apparel as re-
persons in the vicinity not to cross under an open tailgate.
quired by the employer.
7.2.4.4 Shredding and Material Handling Controls—Ensure
7.2.2.4 Work Near Other Mobile Equipment—Maintain ap-
that all persons are clear of the hopper or lifting mechanism
propriate separation from other mobile equipment that may be
before actuating any shredding cycle or material handling
operating near the employee’s work area.
controls. For mobile shredding equipment, the operator shall
7.2.2.5 Special Work Areas—Enter posted special work
remain at the controls during the cycle ready to stop the cycle
areas only if trained and authorized by the employer to do so,
or material handling operation, if necessary, during the portion
and observe safety-related requirements and instructions
ofthecyclewhenthereisapotentialpointofoperationhazard.
posted for that area.
7.2.4.5 Work Brakes—On vehicles so equipped, use the
(1) Bale Storage Areas:
work brake feature only to maintain the vehicle at rest after
(a) Bale Condition—Bales not in the collection vehicle
shall be stacked and of consistent material composition and bringingittoacompletestopwiththeservicebrake,andnotas
a primary means of stopping the vehicle.
shape. Bales shall be contained by straps, ties, or similar
devices in sufficient number for the type of material as well as
7.2.4.6 Container Lifting Devices—On vehicles equipped
the size and shape of the bale.
with devices to lift, load, unload, or transport containers:
(b) Bale Stacking—Bales stored in tiers shall be stacked,
(1) Use the lifter in accordance with the manufacturer’s
blocked,interlocked,orlimitedinheightsothattheyarestable
instructions, ensuring the use of safety features provided;
and secure against sliding or collapse. Cross-stacking or a step
(2) Use only carts that conform to this practice;
method of stacking shall be considered.
(3) Useonlycarttypesdesignedbytheliftmanufactureras
(c) Unstable Bales—Loose, incomplete, or out-of-shape
being compatible with the cart lifter;
bales shall not be stacked or used to support other bales in the
(4) Stand clear of raising or raised cart lifters when in
stack.
operation and fully extended;
(d) Special Work Area—Bale storage areas shall be des-
(5) Donotmodifylifters,forexample,toreducecycletime
ignatedasspecialworkareas,withaccesslimitedtoauthorized
below that indicated on the markings; and
employees only.
(6) When moving carts manually, ensure the cart is in the
7.2.2.6 Energy Control Procedures—Adhere to the employ-
closed position.
er’s procedure for the control of hazardous energy sources
7.2.4.7 Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions—Ifacartisnotfully
(lockout/tagout) when repairing or servicing mobile or plant-
closed, the cart can tip backwards and the lid can fly open and
based secure destruction equipment. See 6.4.
move backwards, becoming an unsafe condition (trip) causing
7.2.3 Safety Features:
serious injury.
7.2.3.1 General—Use applicable safety devices and protec-
(1) Adequate Clearance—Ensure that persons are away
tive equipment related to operation, maintenance, and use of
from container lifting devices, containers, and areas of opera-
the equipment.
tion during all phases of the operation, and that there is
7.2.3.2 Reporting Defects—Report to the employer any
adequate clearance for the operation before activating any
safety-related deficiency or defect in the equipment, including
container lifting device.
damaged or illegible signage (safety signs/warning labels);
(2) Container Compatibility—Ensure that the containers
damaged, altered, or removed machine guarding; and damaged
arecompatiblewiththeliftingdevicesused,thatcontainersare
emergency stops.
properly secured to the lifting devices, and that the contents of
7.2.3.3 Access Doors and Service Covers—Ensure that all overfilled containers are adjusted so as not to interfere with the
accessdoorsandserviceopeningcoversareclosedandsecured
performance of the lifting devices.
before operations begin. (3) Cart Handling:
7.2.3.4 Disabling of Safety Equipment—Ensure that no one (a) Use the lifter in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions, ensuring the use of safety features provided on
disables or bypasses safety equipment or other protective
devices, and that mobile or plant-based secure destruction lifting systems;
(b) Use only cart types designated by the lift manufac-
equipment is not operated unless these devices are fully
functional. turer as being compatible with the cart lifter;
E2706 − 18
(c) People should not place themselves beneath a raised 8.2.4.5 Means shall be provided for stopping the shredding
cart lifter; cycle at any point and for reversing the packing mechanism
(d) Do not modify a lifter so as to reduce the cycle time away from any pinch point.
below that indicated on the marking.
8.2.5 Frame, Body, Props, and Supports—Equipment with
(e) A cart with a hinged lid shall be able to be moved
elevating or dumping bodies or tilt frames shall be provided
forward with the lid in its fully open position without a person
with a positive means of support, permanently attached and
stepping on the lid or tripping;
capable of being locked in position, to prevent accidental
(f) The cart lid, when free, shall drop freely to its fully
lowering of an empty body or tilt frame while maintenance or
open position. If the cart tips backwards and the lid makes
inspection work is being performed. A sign shall be located
contact with the ground, or until the measurement from the
near the prop or support providing instructions for its use.
ground to the center of the handle is 27 in. (69 cm), whichever
8.2.6 Lifting Devices:
occurs first, the cart shall be capable of moving 3 ft (0.9 m);
8.2.6.1 Safety Factor for Cables and Chains—Cables and
and
chainsthatareusedoncontainerliftingorloadingdevicesshall
(g) The lid shall not make contact with the ground behind
have a 2:1 ratio of breaking strength to maximum rated load,
a line extending vertically from the ground to the handle. The
lift, or pull capacity of the lifting or loading device.
lid may make contact with the ground a
...