ASTM F1514-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by Color Change
Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by Color Change
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing and decorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients for processability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied considerably depending on the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 for additional significance and use information.
3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discoloration from heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functional use.
3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to elevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product).
3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means of predicting the amount of color change that occurs during processing (manufacture).
3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to 158°F ± 2°F (70°C ± 1°C) for 7 days, and the color difference is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as ΔE* units.
Note 1: It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heat stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from exposure to elevated temperature over a specified period of time.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2019
- Technical Committee
- F06 - Resilient Floor Coverings
- Drafting Committee
- F06.20 - Test Methods
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 29-Sep-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2008
Overview
ASTM F1514-19: Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by Color Change defines procedures for evaluating the heat stability of resilient floor coverings by measuring color change after exposure to elevated temperatures. This test method is critical for manufacturers, specifiers, and quality control professionals working with polymer-based flooring products to ensure resistance to discoloration during actual usage.
ASTM F1514-19 was developed by ASTM International and is maintained by Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings. The method specifies exposing the flooring samples to 158°F ± 2°F (70°C ± 1°C) for 7 days, then measuring the color difference using a spectrophotometer. The results provide an objective measure of a product’s resistance to heat-induced color change.
Key Topics
- Heat Stability Testing: Assessing the ability of resilient flooring to resist color change when exposed to elevated temperatures during functional use.
- Color Measurement: Utilizing spectrophotometers or colorimeters to measure and record color differences (ΔE*) based on CIE L*, a*, b* color coordinates.
- Sample Preparation: Preparing consistent specimens in terms of color, pattern, and texture, and ensuring accurate initial and final measurements.
- Testing Conditions: Specifying controlled heating (158°F for 7 days) and reconditioning prior to final measurement.
- Data Reporting: Requiring documentation of light sources used, initial and final color readings, as well as individual and average ΔE* values.
- Repeatability and Reproducibility: Providing analysis of the precision of the method, including intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory variability.
Applications
The ASTM F1514-19 test method is widely employed in the resilient flooring industry for:
- Product Development: Evaluating new flooring materials or formulations to ensure adequate heat resistance and color stability prior to market release.
- Quality Assurance: Monitoring production batches to confirm products meet specified heat stability requirements and maintain consistent appearance in real-world settings.
- Specification Compliance: Providing a reference test for contract documents, procurement, and project specifications to demonstrate compliance with industry performance criteria.
- Comparative Analysis: Comparing performance across different flooring compounds, stabilizer levels, or manufacturing processes to optimize product durability.
- Research and Standards Referencing: Supplying objective, reproducible data for research purposes and supporting broader resilient flooring standards.
Related Standards
Several ASTM standards are referenced or related to ASTM F1514-19, supporting comprehensive quality control for resilient flooring products:
- ASTM D2244 - Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates. This practice details how to calculate and interpret color differences in materials tested per ASTM F1514-19.
- ASTM E177 - Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods. Provides guidance on precision and bias data reporting relevant to the F1514-19 method.
- ASTM E691 - Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method. Used to validate the repeatability and reproducibility statements in this standard.
- ASTM D794 (Withdrawn) - Practice for Determining Permanent Effect of Heat on Plastics. While now withdrawn, it provided additional background for understanding heat effects, as cited for further significance.
Practical Value
ASTM F1514-19 enables consistent evaluation of resilient flooring’s heat stability, ensuring products retain their appearance under typical service temperatures. This standard test method is especially valuable for manufacturers seeking to validate product claims, architects and specifiers requiring performance data, and facility owners interested in long-term flooring aesthetics and durability.
Keywords: ASTM F1514-19, resilient flooring, heat stability, color change, spectrophotometer, quality assurance, color measurement, polymer flooring, flooring standards, product specification.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM F1514-19 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by Color Change". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing and decorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients for processability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied considerably depending on the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 for additional significance and use information. 3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discoloration from heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functional use. 3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to elevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product). 3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means of predicting the amount of color change that occurs during processing (manufacture). 3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to 158°F ± 2°F (70°C ± 1°C) for 7 days, and the color difference is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as ΔE* units. Note 1: It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heat stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from exposure to elevated temperature over a specified period of time. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing and decorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients for processability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied considerably depending on the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 for additional significance and use information. 3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discoloration from heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functional use. 3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to elevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product). 3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means of predicting the amount of color change that occurs during processing (manufacture). 3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to 158°F ± 2°F (70°C ± 1°C) for 7 days, and the color difference is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as ΔE* units. Note 1: It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heat stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from exposure to elevated temperature over a specified period of time. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F1514-19 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products; 97.150 - Floor coverings. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM F1514-19 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM F1514-03(2013), ASTM D794-93, ASTM D2244-15a, ASTM D2244-15, ASTM D2244-15e1, ASTM E177-14, ASTM D2244-14, ASTM E691-13, ASTM E177-13, ASTM E691-11, ASTM D2244-11, ASTM E177-10, ASTM D2244-09a, ASTM D2244-09, ASTM E177-08. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM F1514-19 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1514 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by Color
Change
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from
3. Significance and Use
exposure to elevated temperature over a specified period of
3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer
time.
materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufac-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
turing and decorating processes. The polymer material may be
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ingredients for processability and product performance char-
and are not considered standard.
acteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the considerably depending on the desired performance character-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the istics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- additional significance and use information.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discoloration
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. from heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functional
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- use.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring the
amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- elevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use of
the flooring product).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means of
predicting the amount of color change that occurs during
2. Referenced Documents
processing (manufacture).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to
D794 Practice for Determining Permanent Effect of Heat on
158°F 6 2°F (70°C 6 1°C) for 7 days, and the color difference
Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as ∆E*
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
units.
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
NOTE 1—It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heat
Coordinates
stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
specifications.
ASTM Test Methods
4. Apparatus
4.1 CirculatingAirOven, which can be maintained at 158°F
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF06onResilient
6 2°F (70°C 6 1°C).
Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on Test
Methods.
4.2 SuitableSpectrophotometerorColorimeter with a mini-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
mum ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) diameter opening having both a cool
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1514 – 03 (2013).
white fluorescent (CWF) and daylight light (D-65) sources that
DOI: 10.1520/F1514-19.
measure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10° Standard
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Observer and Specular Included. See Test Method D2244.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
When an individual color cannot be totally covered within the
the ASTM website.
⁄4 in. spectrophotometer opening, then the largest spectropho-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. tometer opening shall be used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1514 − 19
4.3 A suitable holder rack that separates samples a mini- 8. Precision and Bias
mum ⁄2 in. (12.70 mm) in a standing or vertical position. 4
8.1 Interlaboratory Test Program —An interlaboratory
study evaluating the color stability of resilient vinyl flooring to
5. Hazards
the effects of exposure to heat was run in 1991 through 1993.
5.1 Cautions:
Six laboratories tested three categories of an experimental
5.1.1 Do not stack specimens while being exposed to
unpr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1514 − 03 (Reapproved 2013) F1514 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by Color
Change
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from exposure
to elevated temperature over a specified period of time.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D794 Practice for Determining Permanent Effect of Heat on Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing and
decorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients for
processibilityprocessability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied considerably
depending on the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 for additional significance and
use information.
3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discoloration from heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functional use.
3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to
elevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product).
3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means of predicting the amount of color change that occurs during processing
(manufacture).
3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to 158°F 6 2°F (70°C 6 1°C) for 7 days, and the color difference is
measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as ΔE* units.
NOTE 1—It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heat stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Circulating Air Oven, which can be maintained at 158°F 6 2°F (70°C 6 1°C).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2019. Published May 2013November 2019. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
F1514 – 03 (2008).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/F1514-03R13.10.1520/F1514-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1514 − 19
4.2 Suitable Spectrophotometer or Colorimeter with a minimum ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) diameter opening having both a cool white
fluorescent (CWF) and daylight light (D-65) sources that measure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10° Standard Observer and
Specular Included. See Test Method D2244. When an individual color cannot be totally covered within the ⁄4 in. spectropho-
tometer opening, then the largest spectrophotometer opening shall be used.
4.3 A suitable holder rack that separates samples a minimum ⁄2 in. (12.70 mm) in a standing or vertical position.
5. Hazards
5.1 Cautions:
5.1.1 Do not stack specimens while being exposed to elevated temperatures.
5.1.2 Be sure each specimen is marked in the corner and on the back Mark each specimen for easy identification.
5.1.3 Monitor temperature during duration of test in oven to ensure maintenance of proper temperature.Ensure oven set point
is maintained throughout the test.
5.1.4 Be sure color me
...
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