ASTM A1058-08

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An American National Standard
Designation:A1058–08
Standard Test Methods for
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover mechanical tests described in
2 3 4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ASTM, EN, ISO and JIS standards that utilize the SI system
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of units. The test methods in each system are not exact
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
equivalents. Each standards system (ASTM, EN, ISO and JIS)
shall be used independently of the other. Combining require-
2. Referenced Documents
ments from any two or more systems may result in noncon-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
formance with the purchase order.
A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Mate-
1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the mechanical
rials by Comparison Hardness Testers
testing of wrought and cast steels, stainless steels, and related
A 1038 Practice for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ul-
alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used
trasonic Contact Impedance Method
to determine properties required in the product specifications.
E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard
rials [Metric]
methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing
als
requirementsforcertainproductsareuniqueoratvariancewith
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic
these general procedures, the product specification testing
Materials
requirements shall control.
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of
1.3 Only one of the testing procedure tracks shall be
Metallic Materials
followed: ASTM, EN, ISO or JIS. When a test method or
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
practice is not available in one of the tracks then an appropriate
Determine Conformance with Specifications
test method or practice from an alternative track shall be used.
E110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic
The respective tests are listed in the column shown in Table 1.
Materials by Portable Hardness Testers
NOTE 1—The test methods in each system are not exact equivalents.
E 190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of
Welds
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this E 290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for
Ductility
standard.
1.5 Attention is directed to Practice ISO 17025 when there 2.2 Other Documents:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Di-
may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of
testing laboratories. vision I
EN 10002-1 Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing—Part 1:
Method of Test (at Ambient Temperature)
EN 10045-1 Metallic Materials—Charpy ImpactTest—Part
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on
1: Test Method
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing
Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Available from British Standards Institute 389, Chiswick High Road, London contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
W4 4AL, UK, www.bsi-global.com Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue de the ASTM website.
Varembé, Case postale, CH-1211, Genève 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org Withdrawn.
4 7
Available from Japanese Standards Association, 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Interna-
Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, www.jsa.or.jp tional, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA www.asme.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A1058–08
TABLE 1 Tests and Applicable Standards
3. General Precautions
Test Sections ASTM EN ISO JIS
3.1 The ASTM track is the default track; if other than the
Tension 5 to 12 E 8M 10002-1 6892 Z 2241
ASTM track is used that track shall be reported.
A
Bend 13 E 190 7438 7438 Z 2248
E 290
3.2 Certain methods of fabrication, such as bending, form-
Bend (tube) 13 … 10232 8491 …
ing, and welding, or operations involving heating, may affect
Hardness 14
A
the properties of the material under test.Therefore, the product
Brinell 15 E 10 6506-1 6506-1 Z 2243
A
Rockwell 16 E 18 6508-1 6508-1 Z 2245
specifications cover the stage of manufacture at which me-
Portable 17 A 833 …… …
chanical testing is to be performed. The properties shown by
E110
testing prior to fabrication may not necessarily be representa-
A 1038
Impact 18 to 26 E 23 10045-1 148-1 Z 2242
tive of the product after it has been completely fabricated.
Keywords 27 …… … …
3.3 Improper machining or preparation of test specimens
A
These standards are designated EN ISO; this identifies the adoption of ISO
may give erroneous results. Care should be exercised to assure
standards by EN. “EN ISO” is part of the designation.
good workmanship in machining. Improperly machined speci-
mens should be discarded and other specimens substituted.
EN 10045-2 Charpy Impact Test on Metallic Materials—
3.4 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. If any test
Method for the Verification of Impact Testing Machines
specimen develops flaws, the retest provision of the applicable
EN 10232 Metallic Materials—Tube (in Full Section)—
product specification shall govern.
Bend Test
3.5 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons
EN ISO 2566-1 Steel—Conversion of Elongation Values—
such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen
Part 1: Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
preparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken.
EN ISO 2566-2 Steel—Conversion of Elongation Values—
Part 2: Austenitic Steels
4. Orientation of Test Specimens
EN ISO 6506-1 Metallic Materials—Brinell Hardness
Test—Part 1: Test Method
4.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” are
EN ISO 6508-1 Metallic Materials—Rockwell Hardness
used only in material specifications for wrought products and
Test—Part 1: Test Method (ScalesA, B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to
K, N, T)
a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:
EN ISO 7438 Metallic Materials—Bend Test
4.1.1 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined other-
ISO 148-1 Metallic Materials—Charpy Pendulum Impact
wise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is
Test—Part 1: Test Method
parallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel
ISO 148-2 Metallic Materials—Charpy Pendulum Impact
during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a longitudinal
Test—Part 2: Verification of Test Machines
tension test specimen is in the direction of the greatest
ISO 2566-1 Steel—Conversion of Elongation Values—Part
extension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend test
1: Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
specimen is at right angles to the direction of greatest exten-
ISO 2566-2 Steel—Conversion of Elongation Values—Part
sion.
2: Austenitic Steels
ISO 6506-1 Metallic Materials—Brinell Hardness Test— 4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise,
signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is at right
Part 1: Test Method
ISO 6508-1 Metallic Materials—Rockwell HardnessTest— angles to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel
Part 1: Test Method (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a transverse
T)
tension test specimen is at right angles to the greatest exten-
ISO 6892 Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing at Ambient
sion, and the axis of the fold of a transverse bend test specimen
Temperature
is parallel to the greatest extension.
ISO 7438 Metallic Materials—Bend Test
4.2 The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used in
ISO 8491 Metallic Materials—Tube (in Full Section)—
material specifications for some wrought circular products and
Bend Test
are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
4.2.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined otherwise,
JIS B 7722 Charpy Pendulum Impact Test—Verification of
signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen-
Testing Machines
diculartotheaxisoftheproductandcoincidentwithoneofthe
JIS Z 2201 Test Pieces for Tensile Test for Metallic Mate-
radii of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product
rials
as a center.
JIS Z 2241 Method of Tensile Test for Metallic Materials
4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined otherwise,
JIS Z 2242 Method of Charpy Pendulum Impact Test for
signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen-
Metallic Materials
diculartoaplanecontainingtheaxisoftheproductandtangent
JIS Z 2243 Brinell Hardness Test—Test Method
to a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a
JIS Z 2245 Rockwell Hardness Test—Test Method
JIS Z 2248 Method of Bend Test for Metallic Materials center.
A1058–08
TENSION TEST the grips for test specimens not having reduced sections. This
speed shall be maintained through the yield point or yield
5. Description
strength. In determining the tensile strength, the free-running
rate of separation of the heads shall not exceed 13 mm per min
5.1 Thetensiontestrelatedtothemechanicaltestingofsteel
per 25 mm of reduced section, or the distance between the
products subjects a machined or full-section specimen of the
grips for test specimens not having reduced sections. In any
material under examination to a measured load sufficient to
event, the minimum speed of testing shall not be less than ⁄10
cause rupture. The resulting properties sought are defined in
the specified maximum rates for determining yield point or
ASTME8M, EN 10002-1, ISO 6892 or JIS Z 2241 as appli-
yield strength and tensile strength.
cable.
6.4.2 It shall be permissible to set the speed of the testing
5.2 In general, the testing equipment and methods are given
machine by adjusting the free running crosshead speed to the
in ASTM E8M, EN 10002-1, ISO 6892 and JIS Z 2241.
above specified values, inasmuch as the rate of separation of
However, there are certain exceptions to these practices; these
heads under load at these machine settings is less than the
exceptions are covered in this standard.
specified values of free running crosshead speed.
6. TestingApparatus and Operations
6.4.3 As an alternative, if the machine is equipped with a
device to indicate the rate of loading, the speed of the machine
6.1 Loading Systems—There are two general types of load-
from half the specified yield point or yield strength through the
ing systems, mechanical (screw power) and hydraulic. These
yield point or yield strength may be adjusted so that the rate of
differ chiefly in the variability of the rate of load application.
stressing does not exceed 11 MPa per second. However, the
The older screw power machines are limited to a small number
minimum rate of stressing shall not be less than 1 MPa per
of fixed free running crosshead speeds. Some modern screw
second.
power machines, and all hydraulic machines permit stepless
variation throughout the range of speeds.
7. Test Specimen Parameters
6.2 The tension testing machine shall be maintained in good
operating condition, used only in the proper loading range, and
7.1 Selection—Test coupons shall be selected in accordance
calibrated periodically in accordance with the latest revision of
with the applicable product specifications.
the appropriate practices.
7.2 Size and Tolerances—Test specimen dimensions and
tolerances shall comply with the requirements of the relevant
NOTE 2—Many machines are equipped with stress-strain recorders for
standards.
autographic plotting of stress-strain curves. It should be noted that some
recorders have a load measuring component entirely separate from the
7.3 Procurement of Test Specimens—Specimens shall be
load indicator of the testing machine. Such recorders are calibrated
prepared from portions of the material. They are usually
separately.
machined so as to have a reduced cross section at mid-length
6.3 Loading—It is the function of the gripping or holding
in order to obtain uniform distribution of the stress over the
device of the testing machine to transmit the load from the
cross section and to localize the zone of fracture. Care shall be
heads of the machine to the specimen under test. The essential
taken to remove by machining all distorted, cold-worked, or
requirement is that the load shall be transmitted axially. This
heat-affected areas from the edges of the section used in
implies that the centers of the action of the grips shall be in
evaluating the test.
alignment, insofar as practicable, with the axis of the specimen
7.4 Aging of Test Specimens—Unless otherwise specified, it
at the beginning and during the test and that bending and
shall be permissible to age tension test specimens. The time-
twisting be held to a minimum.
temperature cycle employed must be such that the effects of
6.4 Speed of Testing—The speed of testing shall not be
previous processing will not be materially changed. It may be
greater than that at which load and strain readings can be made
accomplished by aging at room temperature 24 to 48 h, or in
accurately. In production testing, speed of testing is commonly
shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in
expressed (1) in terms of free running crosshead speed (rate of
water, heating in oil or in an oven.
movement of the crosshead of the testing machine when not
7.5 Measurement of Dimensions of Test Specimens—Test
under load), or (2) in terms of rate of separation of the two
specimens shall be measure
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