ASTM A1058-19

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1058 − 14 A1058 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2 3 4
1.1 These test methods cover mechanical tests described in ASTM, EN, ISO, and JIS standards that utilize the SI system of
units. The test methods in each system are not exact equivalents. Each standards system (ASTM, EN, ISO, and JIS) shall be used
independently of the other. Combining requirements from any two or more systems may result in nonconformance with the
purchase order.
1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various
mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing
methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In
those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the
product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.3 Only one of the testing procedure tracks shall be followed: ASTM, EN, ISO, or JIS. When a test method or practice is not
available in one of the tracks then an appropriate test method or practice from an alternative track shall be used. The respective
tests are listed in the column shown in Table 1.
NOTE 1—The test methods in each system are not exact equivalents.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 Attention is directed to Practice ISO 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
laboratories.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A833 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
A956A956/A956M Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products
A1038 Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved May 15, 2014Nov. 15, 2019. Published June 2014November 2019. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20122014
as A1058A1058 – 14. –12b. DOI: 10.1520/A1058-14.10.1520/A1058-19.
Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale, CH-1211, Genève 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Available from Japanese Standards Association, 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.jp.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1058 − 19
TABLE 1 Tests and Applicable Standards
Test Sections ASTM EN ISO JIS
Tension 5 to 12 E8/E8M 10002-1 6892-1 Z 2241
A
Bend 13 E190 7438 7438 Z 2248
E290
Bend 13 { 10232 8491 {
(tube)
Hardness 14
A
Brinell 15 E10 6506-1 6506-1 Z 2243
A
Rockwell 16 E18 6508-1 6508-1 Z 2245
Portable 17 A833 { { {
E110
A1038
A
Impact 18 to 26 E23 148-1 148-1 Z 2242
Keywords 27 { { { {
A
These standards are designated EN ISO; this identifies the adoption of ISO
standards by EN. “EN ISO” is part of the designation.
E110 Test Method for Rockwell and Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers
E190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds
E290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
2.2 Other Documents:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division I
ISO 148-1 Metallic Materials—Charpy Pendulum Impact Test—Part 1: Test Method
ISO 148-2 Metallic Materials—Charpy Pendulum Impact Test—Part 2: Verification of Test Machines
ISO 2566-1 Steel—Conversion of Elongation Values—Part 1: Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
ISO 2566-2 Steel—Conversion of Elongation Values—Part 2: Austenitic Steels
ISO 6506-1 Metallic Materials—Brinell Hardness Test—Part 1: Test Method
ISO 6508-1 Metallic Materials—Rockwell Hardness Test—Part 1: Test Method (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
ISO 6892-1 Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature
ISO 7438 Metallic Materials—Bend Test
ISO 8491 Metallic Materials—Tube (in Full Section)—Bend Test
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
JIS B 7722 Charpy Pendulum Impact Test—Verification of Testing Machines
JIS Z 2201 Test Pieces for Tensile Test for Metallic Materials
JIS Z 2241 Method of Tensile Test for Metallic Materials
JIS Z 2242 Method of Charpy Pendulum Impact Test for Metallic Materials
JIS Z 2243 Brinell Hardness Test—Test Method
JIS Z 2245 Rockwell Hardness Test—Test Method
JIS Z 2248 Method of Bend Test for Metallic Materials
3. General Precautions
3.1 The ASTM track is the default track; if other than the ASTM track is used that track shall be reported.
3.2 Certain methods of fabrication, such as bending, forming, and welding, or operations involving heating, may affect the
properties of the material under test. Therefore, the product specifications cover the stage of manufacture at which mechanical
testing is to be performed. The properties shown by testing prior to fabrication may not necessarily be representative of the product
after it has been completely fabricated.
3.3 Improper machining or preparation of test specimens may give erroneous results. Care should be exercised to assure good
workmanship in machining. Improperly machined specimens should be discarded and other specimens substituted.
3.4 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. If any test specimen develops flaws, the retest provision of the applicable
product specification shall govern.
3.5 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen
preparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA, http://www.asme.org.
These standards are also designed EN ISO: this identifies the adoption of ISO standards by EN. “EN ISO” is part of the designation.
A1058 − 19
4. Orientation of Test Specimens
4.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” are used only in material specifications for wrought products and are not
applicable to castings. When such reference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:
4.1.1 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is parallel to the
direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a longitudinal tension test specimen
is in the direction of the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend test specimen is at right angles to the
direction of greatest extension.
4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is at right angles
to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a transverse tension test
specimen is at right angles to the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a transverse bend test specimen is parallel to the
greatest extension.
4.2 The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used in material specifications for some wrought circular products and are
not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:
4.2.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpendicular to the
axis of the product and coincident with one of the radii of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center.
4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpendicular
to a plane containing the axis of the product and tangent to a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center.
TENSION TEST
5. Description
5.1 The tension test related to the mechanical testing of steel products subjects a machined or full-section specimen of the
material under examination to a measured load sufficient to cause rupture. The resulting properties sought are defined in Test
Methods E8/E8M, ISO 6892-1, or JIS Z 2241 as applicable.
5.2 In general, the testing equipment and methods are given in Test Methods E8/E8M, ISO 6892-16892-1, and JIS Z 2241.
However, there are certain exceptions to these practices; these exceptions are covered in this standard.
6. Testing Apparatus and Operations
6.1 Loading Systems—There are two general types of loading systems, mechanical (screw power) and hydraulic. These differ
chiefly in the variability of the rate of load application. The older screw power machines are limited to a small number of fixed
free running crosshead speeds. Some modern screw power machines, and all hydraulic machines permit stepless variation
throughout the range of speeds.
6.2 The tension testing machine shall be maintained in good operating condition, used only in the proper loading range, and
calibrated periodically in accordance with the latest revision of the appropriate practices.
NOTE 2—Many machines are equipped with stress-strain recorders for autographic plotting of stress-strain curves. It should be noted that some
recorders have a load measuring component entirely separate from the load indicator of the testing machine. Such recorders are calibrated separately.
6.3 Loading—It is the function of the gripping or holding device of the testing machine to transmit the load from the heads of
the machine to the specimen under test. The essential requirement is that the load shall be transmitted axially. This implies that
the centers of the action of the grips shall be in alignment, insofar as practicable, with the axis of the specimen at the beginning
and during the test and that bending and twisting be held to a minimum.
6.4 Speed of Testing—The speed of testing shall not be greater than that at which load and strain readings can be made
accurately. In production testing, speed of testing is commonly expressed (1) in terms of free running crosshead speed (rate of
movement of the crosshead of the testing machine when not under load), or (2) in terms of rate of separation of the two heads of
the testing machine under load, or (3) in terms of rate of stressing the specimen, or (4) in terms of rate of straining the specimen.
The following limitations on the speed of testing are recommended as adequate for most steel products:
NOTE 3—Tension tests using closed-loop machines (with feedback control of rate) should not be performed using load control, as this mode of testing
will result in acceleration of the crosshead upon yielding and elevation of the measured yield strength.
6.4.1 Any convenient speed of testing may be used up to one half the specified yield point or yield strength. When this point
is reached, the free-running rate of separation of the crossheads shall be adjusted so as not to exceed 0.025 mm per second per
25 mm of reduced section, or the distance between the grips for test specimens not having reduced sections. This speed shall be
maintained through the yield point or yield strength. In determining the tensile strength, the free-running rate of separation of the
heads shall not exceed 13 mm per min per 25 mm of reduced section, or the distance between the grips for test specimens not
having reduced sections. In any event, the minimum speed of testing shall not be less than ⁄10 the specified maximum rates for
determining yield point or yield strength and tensile strength.
A1058 − 19
6.4.2 It shall be permissible to set the speed of the testing machine by adjusting the free running crosshead speed to the above
specified values, inasmuch as the rate of separation of heads under load at these machine settings is less than the specified values
of free running crosshead speed.
6.4.3 As an alternative, if the machine is equipped with a device to indicate the rate of loading, the speed of the machine from
half the specified yield point or yield strength through the yield point or yield strength may be adjusted so that the rate of stressing
does not exceed 11 MPa per second. However, the minimum rate of stressing shall not be less than 1 MPa per second.
7. Test Specimen Parameters
7.1 Selection—Test coupons shall be selected in accordance with the applicable product specifications.
7.2 Size and Tolerances—Test specimen dimensions and tolerances shall comply with the requirements of the relevant
standards.
7.3 Procurement of Test Specimens—Specimens shall be prepared from portions of the material. They are usually machined so
as to have a reduced cross section at mid-length in order to obtain uniform distribution of the stress over the cross section and to
localize the zone of fracture. Care shall be taken to remove by machining all distorted, cold-worked, or heat-affected areas from
the edges of the section used in evaluating the test.
7.4 Aging of Test Specimens—Unless otherwise specified, it shall be permissible to age tension test specimens. The
time-temperature cycle employed must be such that the effects of previous processing will not be materially changed. It may be
accomplished by aging at room temperature 24 to 48 h, or in shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in water,
heating in oil or in an oven.
7.5 Measurement of Dimensions of Test Specimens—Test specimens shall be measured in accordance with the requirements of
7.5.1 and 7.5.2 for ASTM or the appropriate paragraphs of ISO 6892-1,6892-1 or JIS Z 2241, as applicable.
7.5.1 Rectangular Tension Test—These forms of specimens are shown in Test Methods E8/E8M. To determine the
cross-sectional area, the center width dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.15 mm for the 200-mm gauge length specimen
and 0.025 mm for the 50-mm gauge length specimen. The center thickness dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.025 mm
for both specimens.
7.5.2 Round Tension Test Specimens—These forms of specimens are shown in Test Methods E8/E8M. To determine the
cross-sectional area, the diameter shall be measured at the center of the gauge length to the nearest 0.025 mm.
7.6 General—Test specimens shall be either substantially full size or machined, as prescribed in the product specifications for
the material being tested.
7.6.1 It is desirable to have the cross-sectional area of the specimen smallest at the center of the gauge length to ensure fracture
within the gauge length. This is provided for by the taper in the gauge length permitted for each of the specimens described in the
following sections.
7.6.2 For low ductility materials it is desirable to have fillets of large radius at the ends of the gauge length.
8. Plate-Type Specimen
8.1 The standard plate-type test specimen is shown in Test Methods E8/E8M, ISO 6892-1, or JIS Z 2241. This specimen is used
for testing metallic materials in the form of plate, structural and bar-size shapes, and flat material having a nominal thickness of
5 mm or over. When product specifications so permit, other types of specimens may be used.
9. Sheet-Type Specimen
9.1 The standard sheet-type test specimen is shown in Test Methods E8/E8M, ISO 6892-1, or JIS Z 2241. This specimen is used
for testing metallic materials in the form of sheet, plate, flat wire, strip, band, and hoop ranging in nominal thickness from 0.13
to 19 mm. When product specifications so permit, other types of specimens may be used, as specified in Test Methods E8/E8M.
10. Round Specimens
10.1 The standard diameter round test specimen as shown in Test Methods E8/E8M, ISO 6892-1, or JIS Z 2241 is frequently
used for testing metallic materials.
10.2 Small size specimens proportional to standard specimens may be used when it is necessary to test material from which the
standard specimens cannot be prepared. When small size specimens are used, the gauge length for measurement of elongation shall
be five times the diameter of the specimen.
10.3 The type of specimen ends outside of the gauge length shall accommodate the shape of the product tested, and shall
properly fit the holders or grips of the testing machine so that axial loads are applied with a minimum of load eccentricity and
slippage.
11. Gauge Marks
11.1 Test specimens shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of the relevant standards.
A1058 − 19
12. Determination of Tensile Properties
12.1 The determination and description of the tensile properties shall be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant
standards.
12.2 Elongation values may be converted from (i) 4d gauge length to a 5d gauge length, or (ii) 5d gage length to a 4d gage
length by use of the multiplication factors shown in Table 2. If this conversion is used, the supplier must show the calculation on
the certification.
12.2.1 Example 1—Conversion of Carbon and low alloy steel elongation derived from 4d gauge length to a 5d gauge length
elongation value:
23 % × 0.916 = 21 %
12.2.2 Example 2—Conversion of Austenitic steel elongation derived from 5d gauge length to a 4d gauge length elongation
value:
23 % × 1.029 = 24 %
12.3 Reduction of Area—Fit the ends of the fractured specimen together and measure the mean diameter or the width and
thickness at the smallest cross section to the same accuracy as the original dimensions. The difference between the area thus found
and the area of the original cross section expressed as a percentage of the original area is the reduction of area.
BEND TEST
13. Description
13.1 The bend test is one method for evaluating ductility, but it cannot be considered as a quantitative means of predicting
service performance in all bending operations. The severity of the bend test is primarily a function of the angle of bend and inside
diameter to which the specimen is bent, and of the cross section of the specimen. These conditions are varied according to location
and orientation of the test specimen and the chemical composition, tensile properties, hardness, type, and quality of the steel
specified. Test Method E190, Test Methods E290, EN ISO 7438, EN 10232 (tube), ISO 7438, or ISO 8491 (tube) and JIS Z 2248
may be consulted for methods of performing the test.
13.2 Unless otherwise specified, it shall be permissible to age bend test specimens. The time-temperature cycle employed must
be such that the effects of previous processing will not be materially changed. It may be accomplished by aging at room
temperature 24 to 48 h, or in shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in water or by heating in oil or in an oven.
13.3 Bend the test specimen at room temperature to an inside diameter, as designated by the applicable product specifications,
to the extent specified. The speed of bending is ordinarily not an important factor.
HARDNESS TEST
14. General
14.1 A hardness test is a means of determining resistance to penetration and is occasionally employed to obtain a quick
approximation of tensile strength. Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6 are for the conversion of hardness measurements from
one scale to another or to approximate tensile strength. These conversion values have been obtained from computer-generated
curves and are presented to the nearest 0.1 point to permit accurate reproduction of those curves. Since all converted hardness
values must be considered approximate, however, all converted Rockwell hardness numbers shall be rounded to the nearest whole
number.
14.2 Hardness Testing:
14.2.1 If the product specification permits alternative hardness testing to determine conformance to a specified hardness
requirement, the conversions listed in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6 shall be used.
14.2.2 When recording converted hardness numbers, the measured hardness and test scale shall be indicated in parentheses, for
example: 353 HBW (38 HRC). This means that a hardness value of 38 was obtained using the Rockwell C scale and converted
to a Brinell hardness of 353.
15. Brinell Test
15.1 The Brinell Test shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Test Method E10, ISO 6506-1, or JIS Z 2243.
TABLE 2 Conversion Factors for 4d and 5d Gauge Lengths (ISO
2566-1 and ISO 2566-2)
Conversion from 4d to 5d 5d to 4d
Carbon and low alloy steels 0.916 1.093
Austenitic steels 0.972 1.029
A1058 − 19
A
TABLE 3 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Nonaustenitic Steels (Rockwell C to Other Hardness Numbers)
Rockwell Superficial Hardness
Rockwell Rockwell
Brinell Knoop
15N Scale, 30N Scale 45N Scale,
C Scale, Vickers A Scale,
Approximate
Hardness, Hardness,
15-kgf 30-kgf 45-kgf
150-kgf Load, Hardness 60-kgf Load,
Tensile
3000-kgf Load, 500-gf Load
Load, Load, Load,
Diamond Number Diamond
Strength,
10-mm Ball and Over
Diamond Diamond Diamond
Penetrator Penetrator
ksi (MPa)
Penetrator Penetrator Penetrator
68 940 . . . 920 85.6 93.2 84.4 75.4 . . .
67 900 . . . 895 85.0 92.9 83.6 74.2 . . .
66 865 . . . 870 84.5 92.5 82.8 73.3 . . .
65 832 739 846 83.9 92.2 81.9 72.0 . . .
64 800 722 822 83.4 91.8 81.1 71.0 . . .
63 772 706 799 82.8 91.4 80.1 69.9 . . .
62 746 688 776 82.3 91.1 79.3 68.8 . . .
61 720 670 754 81.8 90.7 78.4 67.7 . . .
60 697 654 732 81.2 90.2 77.5 66.6 . . .
59 674 634 710 80.7 89.8 76.6 65.5 351 (2420)
58 653 615 690 80.1 89.3 75.7 64.3 338 (2330)
57 633 595 670 79.6 88.9 74.8 63.2 325 (2240)
56 613 577 650 79.0 88.3 73.9 62.0 313 (2160)
55 595 560 630 78.5 87.9 73.0 60.9 301 (2070)
54 577 543 612 78.0 87.4 72.0 59.8 292 (2010)
53 560 525 594 77.4 86.9 71.2 58.6 283 (1950)
52 544 512 576 76.8 86.4 70.2 57.4 273 (1880)
51 528 496 558 76.3 85.9 69.4 56.1 264 (1820)
50 513 482 542 75.9 85.5 68.5 55.0 255 (1760)
49 498 468 526 75.2 85.0 67.6 53.8 246 (1700)
48 484 455 510 74.7 84.5 66.7 52.5 238 (1640)
47 471 442 495 74.1 83.9 65.8 51.4 229 (1580)
46 458 432 480 73.6 83.5 64.8 50.3 221 (1520)
45 446 421 466 73.1 83.0 64.0 49.0 215 (1480)
44 434 409 452 72.5 82.5 63.1 47.8 208 (1430)
43 423 400 438 72.0 82.0 62.2 46.7 201 (1390)
42 412 390 426 71.5 81.5 61.3 45.5 194 (1340)
41 402 381 414 70.9 80.9 60.4 44.3 188 (1300)
40 392 371 402 70.4 80.4 59.5 43.1 182 (1250)
39 382 362 391 69.9 79.9 58.6 41.9 177 (1220)
38 372 353 380 69.4 79.4 57.7 40.8 171 (1180)
37 363 344 370 68.9 78.8 56.8 39.6 166 (1140)
36 354 336 360 68.4 78.3 55.9 38.4 161 (1110)
35 345 327 351 67.9 77.7 55.0 37.2 156 (1080)
34 336 319 342 67.4 77.2 54.2 36.1 152 (1050)
33 327 311 334 66.8 76.6 53.3 34.9 149 (1030)
32 318 301 326 66.3 76.1 52.1 33.7 146 (1010)
31 310 294 318 65.8 75.6 51.3 32.5 141 (970)
30 302 286 311 65.3 75.0 50.4 31.3 138 (950)
29 294 279 304 64.6 74.5 49.5 30.1 135 (930)
28 286 271 297 64.3 73.9 48.6 28.9 131 (900)
27 279 264 290 63.8 73.3 47.7 27.8 128 (880)
26 272 258 284 63.3 72.8 46.8 26.7 125 (860)
25 266 253 278 62.8 72.2 45.9 25.5 123 (850)
24 260 247 272 62.4 71.6 45.0 24.3 119 (820)
23 254 243 266 62.0 71.0 44.0 23.1 117 (810)
22 248 237 261 61.5 70.5 43.2 22.0 115 (790)
21 243 231 256 61.0 69.9 42.3 20.7 112 (770)
20 238 226 251 60.5 69.4 41.5 19.6 110 (760)
A
This table gives the approximate interrelationships of hardness values and approximate tensile strength of steels. It is possible that steels of various compositions and
processing histories will deviate in hardness-tensile strength relationship from the data presented in this table. The data in this table should not be used for austenitic
stainless steels, but have been shown to be applicable for ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. The data in this table should not be used to establish a relationship
between hardness values and tensile strength of hard drawn wire. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for each steel
composition, heat treatment, and part.
15.1.1 A range of hardness can properly be
...