ASTM F2644-07(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2644 − 07 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Performance of Commercial Patio Heaters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI Documents:
ANSI Z83.19Gas-Fired High-Intensity Infrared Heaters
1.1 This test method covers the heating performance and
ANSI Z83.20Gas-Fired Low-Intensity Infrared Heaters
energy consumption of commercial radiant patio heaters. The
2.3 ASHRAE Documents:
food service operator can use this evaluation to select a
ASHRAE 55–1992Thermal Environmental Conditions for
commercial patio heater and understand its energy perfor-
Human Occupancy
mance and effective heated area.
1.2 This test method is applicable to commercial gas and
3. Terminology
electric radiant patio heaters.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The patio heater can be evaluated with respect to the
3.1.1 boundary,n—theedgeoftheareabeingwarmedunder
following:
a patio heater that corresponds to 3°F above the design
1.3.1 Energy input rate (10.2),
environment mean radiant temperature.
1.3.2 Preheat energy consumption and time (10.3),
3.1.2 design environment, n—unheated environment for
1.3.3 Temperature distribution (10.4), and
which test unit’s performance is to be evaluated. Design
1.3.4 Effective heated area (10.4).
environment is specified as having a mean radiant temperature
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded of 60°F.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.3 effectiveheatedarea,n—theamountofsquarefootage
information only.
that can be warmed to a specified temperature (3°F above the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the design environment mean radiant temperature) under a patio
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the heater.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 energyinputrate,n—peakrateatwhichapatioheater
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
consumes energy (kW or Btu/h), typically reflected during
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
preheat.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.5 heating index, n—the quotient of the effective heated
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
area and the measured energy input rate.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.6 mean radiant temperature, n—the uniform surface
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
temperature of an imaginary black enclosure in which an
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
occupant would exchange the same amount of radiant heat as
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in the actual non-uniform space.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Since all environments radiate thermal energy, the mean
radianttemperaturecanbedeterminedforanunheatedaswellasaheated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
environment.
D3588Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility
3.1.7 operative temperature, n—the uniform temperature of
Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
an imaginary black enclosure in which an occupant would
exchangethesameamountofheatbyradiationplusconvection
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food
as in the actual non-uniform environment. Operative tempera-
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 on
ture is numerically the average of the air temperature (T ) and
Productivity and Energy Protocol. a
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2644–07 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/F2644-07R19. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
theASTM website. 30329,http://www.ashrae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2644 − 07 (2019)
themeanradianttemperature(T ),weightedbytheirrespective 5.2 Preheat energy and time can be useful to food service
r
heat transfer coefficients (h and h ) (see ASHRAE 55–1992): operatorstomanageenergydemandsandtoknowhowquickly
c r
the patio heater can be ready for operation.
h 3T 1h 3T
~ !
c a r r
T 5
o
~h 1h ! 5.3 The temperature distribution of a patio heater can be
c r
NOTE 2—In the absence of air movement, the operative temperature is
usedbyoperatorsanddesignerstodeterminethemosteffective
equal to the mean radiant temperature.
layout for a patio heating system.
3.1.8 patio heater, n—an appliance that is designed for
5.4 The effective heated area can be used by operators to
warming outdoor areas using radiant heat.
choose a patio heater that meets their heating needs.
3.1.9 preheat energy, n—amount of energy consumed by
thepatioheaterwhilepreheatingthepatioheaterfromambient
6. Apparatus
room temperature (75 6 10°F) to its operating temperature.
6.1 Aspirated Thermocouples, for measuring average bulk
3.1.10 preheat rate, n—average rate (°F/min) at which the
air temperature in the test space.
patioheatercomesuptoitsoperatingtemperaturefroma75 6
6.2 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric
10°F ambient temperature.
pressure, to be used for adjustment of measured gas volume to
3.1.11 preheattime,n—timerequiredforthepatioheaterto
standard conditions. Shall have a resolution of 0.2 in. Hg and
preheat from ambient room temperature (75 6 10°F) to its
an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg.
operating temperature.
6.3 Data Acquisition System, for measuring energy and
3.1.12 uncertainty, n—measure of systematic and precision
temperatures, capable of multiple channel displays updating at
errors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatability
least every 2 s.
of a reported test result.
6.4 GasMeter,formeasuringthegasconsumptionofapatio
heater, shall be a dry positive displacement type with a
4. Summary of Test Method
resolution of at least 0.01 ft and a maximum uncertainty no
4.1 Thepatioheaterisconnectedtotheappropriatemetered
greaterthan1%ofthemeasuredvalueforanydemandgreater
energy source, and energy input rate is determined to confirm
than 2.2 ft /h. If the meter is used for measuring the gas
that the appliance is operating within 5% of the nameplate
consumed by the pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at
energy input rate.
least 0.01 ft and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 2%
4.2 The amount of energy and time required to preheat the
of the measured value.
patio heater to its operating temperature is determined.
6.5 Globe Thermometer, comprised of a beaded-junction
4.3 The amount of square footage that could be effectively
thermocouple located in the geometric center of a 2-star,
warmed by a heater is determined and characterized.
precise round, ping-pong ball for determining mean radiant
temperature.The globe shall be mounted on a length of ⁄16-in.
5. Significance and Use
plastictubing,whichwillhousethethermocouplewire,andthe
5.1 The energy input rate test is used to confirm that the entire assembly (globe and tubing) shall be painted flat black.
patio heater is operating properly prior to further testing. See Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Globe Thermometer
F2644 − 07 (2019)
NOTE 3—A high bay area may be required to provide suitable vertical
6.6 PressureGauge,formonitoringgaspressure.Shallhave
clearances for testing mounted style patio heaters.
a range of zero to 15 in. H O, a resolution of 0.5 in. H O, and
2 2
a maximum uncertainty of 1% of the measured value.
9.2 Connect the patio heater to a calibrated energy test
meter. For gas installations, install a pressure regulator down-
6.7 Stop Watch,witha1s resolution.
stream from the meter to maintain a constant pressure of gas
6.8 Temperature Sensor, for measuring gas temperature in
for all tests. Install instrumentation to record both the pressure
the range of 50 to 100°F with an uncertainty of 61°F.
and temperature of the gas supplied to the patio heater and the
6.9 Thermocouple(s), for measuring globe and ambient barometric pressure during each test so that the measured gas
temperatures, industry standard type T or type K, 24 gauge flow can be corrected to standard conditions. For electric
thermocouplewire,weldedandcalibrated,witharangeof0to installations,avoltageregulatormayberequiredduringtestsif
150°F and an uncertainty of 61°F. the voltage supply is not within 62.5% of the manufacturer’s
nameplate voltage.
6.10 Thermocouple Wire, for measuring reflector
temperature,shallbetypeKthermocouplewirewitharangeof 9.3 For a gas patio heater, adjust (during maximum energy
0 to 1000°F and an uncertainty of 61°F. input) the gas supply pressure downstream from the appli-
ance’s pressure regulator to within 62.5% of the operating
6.11 Watt-Hour Meter, for measuring the electrical energy
manifold pressure specified by the manufacturer. Make adjust-
consumptionofapatioheater,shallhavearesolutionofatleast
ments to the appliance following the manufacturer’s recom-
10Whandamaximumuncertaintynogreaterthan1.5%ofthe
mendations for optimizing combustion. Proper combustion
measured value for any demand greater than 100 W. For any
may be verified by measuring air-free CO in accordance with
demandlessthan100W,themetershallhavearesolutionofat
ANSI Z83.19 and ANSI Z83.20.
least 10Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 10%.
9.4 Confirm (while the elements are energized) that the
7. Reagents and Materials
supply voltage is within 62.5% of the operating voltage
specified by the manufacturer. Record the test voltage for each
7.1 Ping-Pong Balls, two-star, precise round, weighing 2.5
6 0.5 g for constructing globe thermometers. test.
NOTE 4—It is the intent of the testing procedure herein to evaluate the
7.2 Model Airplane Control Rods, for supporting the globe
performanceofapatioheateratitsratedelectricvoltage.Ifanelectricunit
thermometers, shall be a minimum of 12 in. long with a
is rated dual voltage (that is, designed to operate at either 208 or 240 V
nominal outside diameter of ⁄16 in. with no change in components), the voltage selected by the manufacturer
and/or tester shall be reported. If a patio heater is designed to operate at
two voltages without a change in the resistance of the heating elements,
8. Sampling, Test Units
the performance of the unit (for example, preheat time) may differ at the
8.1 Patio Heater—Select a representative production model
two voltages.
for performance testing.
9.5 Construct an array of globe thermometers for character-
izing the heated area under the test patio heater. The globes
9. Preparation of Apparatus
shallbepositionedataheightof36 61in.fromthefloor,with
9.1 Install the patio heater in accordance with the manu-
no more than 24 in. horizontal spacing between adjacent
facturer’s instructions in the center of a 20 ft. square area
globes.The globes shall be no closer than 24 in. to any wall or
(hereafter called, test cell) at the manufacturer’s recommended
other partition.
working height. The test cell shall be free of drafts and
NOTE 5—The globe thermometers can be effectively held in place by
obstructions of any kind. Record the distance from the bottom
implanting the tubing into a length of 1-in. PVC pipe that has been
of the heating unit to the floor (mounted heaters). mounted on a 2- by 4-in. sawhorse kit. See Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 Globe Thermometer Array
F2644 − 07 (2019)
9.6 Divide the test area into four equal-sized quadrants. 10.3 Preheat Energy Consumption and Time:
Position four aspirated thermocouples, one in the center of
NOTE 7—The preheat test should be conducted as the first appliance
eachquadrantataheightof36-in.Thesefourtemperatureswill
operation on the day of the test, starting at a 75 6 10°F ambient
be used to determine the average ambient temperature.
temperature.
9.7 In preparation for the preheat test, tack-weld a thermo-
10.3.1 Confirmthatthepatioheater’sreflectorisatambient
couple to the heater’s reflector, centered as closely as possible.
temperature (75 6 10°F). Turn the unit on with control(s) set
to their maximum setting.
10. Procedure
10.3.2 Commence monitoring globe and ambient tempera-
tures.Theambientshallbe75 610°Fduringthecourseofthe
10.1 General:
test. If the ambient temperature is outside the specified range,
10.1.1 For gas patio heaters, record the following for each
the test is invalid and must be repeated.
test run:
10.3.3 Record the globe temperatures over a minimum of
10.1.1.1 Higher heating value,
10-s intervals during the course of preheat.
10.1.1.2 Standard gas pressure and temperature used to
10.3.4 Record the energy and time to preheat the patio
correct measured gas volume to standard conditions,
heater. Preheat is judged complete when the reflector reaches
10.1.1.3 Measured gas temperature,
95% of its maximum temperature.
10.1.1.4 Measured gas pressure,
10.1.1.5 Barometric pressure,
10.4 Temperature Distribution and Effective Heated Area:
10.1.1.6 Average ambient temperature, and
10.4.1 The temperature distribution and effective heated
10.1.1.7 Energy input rate during or immediately prior to
area test shall be repeated a minimum of three times. Conduct
test.
each replicate on different days.
10.4.2 Record globe and ambient temperatures at 30-s
NOTE6—Usingacalorimeterorgaschromatographinaccordancewith
accepted laboratory procedures
...