ASTM D4057-06(2011)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4057 − 06(Reapproved 2011)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1
Standard Practice for
Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
1.1 This practice covers procedures for manually obtaining
Coatings and Material
representative samples of petroleum products of a liquid,
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
semi-liquid, or solid state whose vapor pressure at ambient
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
conditions is below 101 kPa (14.7 psia). If sampling is for the
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API
duction Period Method)
MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
sample mixing and handling of samples, refer to Practice
(Potential Residue Method)
D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). The practice does not cover
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—The procedures described in this practice may also be
D1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural Gas (Withdrawn
applicable in sampling most noncorrosive liquid industrial chemicals, 3
1986)
provided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are strictly
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
followed.
Gases, Manual Method
NOTE 2—The procedure for sampling liquefied petroleum gases is
described in Practice D1265; the procedure for sampling fluid power
D1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solution
hydraulic fluids is covered inANSI B93.19 and B93.44; the procedure for
by Abson Method
sampling insulating oils is described in Practice D923; and the procedure
D2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen
for sampling natural gas is described in Test Method D1145.
From Bituminous Paving Mixtures
NOTE 3—The procedure for special fuel samples for trace metal
analysis is described in an appendix to Specification D2880. D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
2. Referenced Documents
Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
Atmospheric Pressure
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
Grease
Volatility Measurement
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
2.2 American National Standards:
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02
B93.19 Standard Method for Extraction Fluid Samples from
/COMQthejointASTM–APIcommitteeonHydrocarbonMeasurementforCustody
the Lines of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System
Transfer (JointASTM-API). This test method has been approved by the sponsoring
committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with estab-
(for Particulate Contamination Analysis)
lished procedures. This test method was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in
B93.44 Method for Extracting Fluid Samples from the
1981.
Reservoir of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4057–06. DOI:
10.1520/D4057-11.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4057 − 06 (2011)
2.3 API Standards:
MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)
MPMS Chapter 8.3 Standard Practice for Mixing and Han-
dling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum
Products (ASTM Practice D5854)
MPMS Chapter 8.4 Standard Practice for the Sampling and
Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurements (ASTM
Practice D5842)
MPMS Chapter 9.3 Thermohydrometer Test Method for
Density and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products
MPMS Chapter 10, various sections, Sediment and Water
Determination
NOTE1—Thelocationshownfortheoutletsampleappliesonlytotanks
MPMSChapter17.1 GuidelinesforMarineCargoInspection
with side outlets. It does not apply when the outlet comes from the floor
MPMS Chapter 17.2 Measurement of Cargoes Aboard Ma-
of the tank or turns down into a sump. Bottom sample location must be
specified.
rine Tank Vessels
NOTE 2—Samples should be obtained from within solid stand pipes as
MPMS Chapter 18.1 Measurement Procedures for Crude Oil
the materials normally not representative of the material in the tank at that
Gathered from Small Tanks By Truck
point.
FIG. 1 Spot Sampling Locations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Samples
3.1.8 dipper sample—a sample obtained by placing a dipper
3.1.1 all-levels sample—a sample obtained by submerging a
or other collecting vessel in the path of a free-flowing stream
stoppered beaker or bottle to a point as near as possible to the
to collect a definite volume from the full cross section of the
draw-off level, then opening the sampler and raising it at a rate
stream at regular time intervals for a constant time rate of flow
such that it is approximately three-fourths full as it emerges
or at time intervals varied in proportion to the flow rate.
from the liquid.
3.1.9 drain sample—a sample obtained from the water
3.1.2 boring sample—a sample of the material contained in
draw-off valve on a storage tank.
a barrel, case, bag, or cake that is obtained from the chips
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Occasionally, a drain sample may be
created by boring holes into the material with a ship auger.
thesameasabottomsample(forexample,inthecaseofatank
3.1.3 bottom sample—a spot sample collected from the
car).
material at the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its
3.1.10 floating roof sample—a spot sample taken just below
lowest point.
the surface to determine the density of the liquid on which the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Inpractice,thetermbottomsamplehas
roof is floating.
a variety of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that the
exact sampling location (for example, 15 cm from the bottom)
3.1.11 flow proportional sample—a sample taken from a
should be specified when using this term.
pipe such that the rate of sampling is proportional throughout
the sampling period to the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe.
3.1.4 bottom water sample—a spot sample of free water
taken from beneath the petroleum contained in a ship or barge
3.1.12 grab sample—a sample obtained by collecting equal
compartment or a storage tank.
quantities from parts or packages of a shipment of loose solids
such that the sample is representative of the entire shipment.
3.1.5 clearance sample—a spot sample taken with the inlet
opening of the sampling apparatus 10 cm (4 in.) (some
3.1.13 grease sample—a sample obtained by scooping or
regulatory agencies require 15 cm (6 in.)) below the bottom of
dipping a quantity of soft or semi-liquid material contained
the tank outlet.
from a package in a representative manner.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—This term is normally associated with
3.1.14 lower sample—a spot sample of liquid from the
small (159 m or 1000 Bbls or less) tanks, commonly referred
middle of the lower one-third of the tank’s content (a distance
to as lease tanks.
of five-sixths of the depth liquid below the liquid’s surface).
3.1.6 composite sample—a blend of spot samples mixed in
See Fig. 1.
proportion to the volumes of material from which the spot
3.1.15 middle sample—a spot sample taken from the middle
samples were obtained.
tank’s contents (a distance of one-half of the depth of liquid
3.1.7 core sample—a sample of uniform cross sectional area
below the liquid’s surface). See Fig. 1.
taken at a given height in a tank.
3.1.16 multiple tank composite sample—a mixture of indi-
vidual samples or composites of samples that have been
obtained from several tanks or ship/barge compartments con-
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org. taining the same grade of material.
D4057 − 06 (2011)
TABLE 1 Sampling Instructions for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks
3.1.28 upper sample—a spot sample taken from the middle
Liquid Sampling Level Composite Sample of the upper one-third of the tank’s contents (a distance of
Depth (% of Diameter Above Bottom) (Proportionate Parts Of)
one-sixth of the liquid depth below the liquid’s surface). See
(% of
Fig. 1.
Upper Middle Lower Upper Middle Lower
Diameter)
100 80 50 20 3 4 3
Other Terms
90 75 50 20 3 4 3
80 70 50 20 2 5 3
3.1.29 automatic sampler—a device used to extract a rep-
70 50 20 6 4
resentative sample from the liquid flowing in a pipe.
60 50 20 5 5
50 40 20 4 6 3.1.29.1 Discussion—The automatic sampler generally con-
40 20 10
sists of a probe, a sample extractor, an associated controller, a
30 15 10
flow measuring device, and a sample receiver. For additional
20 10 10
10 5 10 information on an automatic sampler, see Practice D4177 (API
MPMS Chapter 8.2).
3.1.30 dissolved water—water in solution in an oil.
3.1.31 emulsion—an oil/water mixture that does not readily
separate.
3.1.16.1 Discussion—The mixture is blended in proportion
3.1.32 entrained water—water suspended in the oil.
to the volume of material contained in the respective tanks or
3.1.32.1 Discussion—Entrained water includes emulsions
compartments.
but does not include dissolved water.
3.1.17 outlet sample—a spot sample taken with the inlet
3.1.33 free water—the water that exists as a separate phase.
opening of the sampling apparatus at the level of the bottom of
the tank outlet (fixed or floating). See Fig. 1. 3.1.34 intermediate container—the vessel into which all or
part of the sample from a primary container/receiver is
3.1.18 representative sample—a portion extracted from the
transferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.
total volume that contains the constituents in the same propor-
tions that are present in that total volume.
3.1.35 primary sample receiver/receptacle—a container in
which a sample is initially collected.
3.1.19 running sample—a sample obtained by lowering a
3.1.35.1 Discussion—Examples of primary sampler con-
breaker or bottle to the level of the bottom of the outlet
tainers include glass and plastic bottles, cans, core-type thief,
connection or swing line and returning it to the top of the oil at
and fixed and portable sample receivers.
a uniform rate such that the beaker or bottle is about three-
fourths full when withdrawn from the oil.
3.1.36 stand pipes—vertical sections of pipe or tubing
extending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanks
3.1.20 sample—a portion extracted from a total volume that
that are equipped with external or internal floating roofs.
may or may not contain the constituents in the same propor-
3.1.36.1 Discussion—Stand pipes may also be found on
tions that are present in that total volume.
ships and barges.
3.1.21 sampling—all the steps required to obtain a sample
3.1.37 test specimen—the representative sample taken from
that is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or other
the primary or intermediate sample container for analysis.
vessel and to place that sample in a container from which a
representative test specimen can be taken for analysis.
4. Summary of Practice
3.1.22 spot sample—a sample taken at a specific location in
4.1 This practice provides procedures for manually obtain-
a tank or from a flowing stream in a pipe at a specific time.
ing samples of petroleum and petroleum products of a liquid,
3.1.23 surface sample—a spot sample skimmed from the
semi-liquid or solid state from tanks, pipelines, drums, barrels,
surface of a liquid in a tank.
cans, tubes, bags, kettles and open-discharge streams. It
3.1.24 tank composite sample—a blend created from the
addresses, in detail, the various factors which need to be
upper, middle, and lower samples from a single tank.
considered in obtaining a representative sample. These consid-
3.1.24.1 Discussion—For a tank of uniform cross section,
erations include the analytical tests to be conducted on the
such as an upright cylindrical tank, the blend consists of equal
sample, the types of sample containers to be used and any
partsofthethreesamples.Forahorizontalcylindricaltank,the
special instructions required for special materials to be
blend consists of three samples in the proportions shown in
sampled. Test Method D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3) can
Table 1.
provide additional guidance. A summary of the manual sam-
3.1.25 tap sample—a spot sample taken from a sample tap
pling procedures and their applications is presented in Table 2.
on the side of a tank. It may also be referred to as a tank-side
sample.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.26 top sample—a spot sample obtained 15 cm (6 in.)
5.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum
below the top surface of the liquid. See Fig. 1.
products are required for the determination of chemical and
3.1.27 tube or thief sample—a sample obtained with a physical properties, which are used to establish standard
sampling tube or special thief, either as a core sample or spot volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial and regula-
sample from a specific point in the tank or container. tory specifications.
D4057 − 06 (2011)
...