ASTM D6890-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.
5.2 This test can be used in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines. It can also be useful in research or when there is interest in the ignition delay of a diesel fuel under the conditions of this test method.
5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.
5.4 This test may be applied to non-conventional fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels in full-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignition characteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuels.
5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 100 mL and a test time of approximately 20 min on a fit-for-use instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, hydrocarbon oils, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of ASTM Specification D975 grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, and No. 1-D S5000, and grades No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000 diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.520. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel blending components.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay of a diesel fuel injected directly into a constant volume combustion chamber containing heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by Test Method D613, resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from 2.64 ms to 6.90 ms (75.1 DCN to 31.5 DCN). The combustion analyzer can measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but precision may be affected. For these shorter or longer ignition delays the correlation equation for DCN is given in Appendix X2.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with the parameters of this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the parameter, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6890 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number
(DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant
1,2
Volume Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quan-
standard.
titative determination of the ignition characteristics of conven-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tional diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, hydrocarbon oils,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
containingcetanenumberimproveradditives,andisapplicable
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to products typical of ASTM Specification D975 grades No.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, and No. 1-D S5000, and grades No.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000 diesel fuel oils,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
CGSB-3.517 and 3.520. The test method may also be applied
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of diesel fuel blending components.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay of a diesel
fuel injected directly into a constant volume combustion
2. Referenced Documents
chamber containing heated, compressed air. An equation cor-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
relates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by
D613Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Test Method D613, resulting in a derived cetane number
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel
(DCN).
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
2.64msto 6.90ms (75.1DCN to 31.5 DCN). The combustion
Petroleum Products
analyzer can measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
precision may be affected. For these shorter or longer ignition
Fuels, and Lubricants
delays the correlation equation for DCN is given in Appendix
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
X2.
Petroleum Products
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with the D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
parameters of this test method, an observed value or a
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
last right-hand digit used in expressing the parameter, in
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. Measurement System Performance
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
D6708Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
Subcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D6890–21. DOI:
10.1520/D6890-22.
2 3
This test method is based on IP PM CQ/2001, published in the IP Standard For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standard 2000 Parts. Copyrighted by Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
London, W1G 7AR, UK. Adapted with permission of Energy Institute. the ASTM website.
*
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6890 − 21 D6890 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number
(DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant
1,2
Volume Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional
diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, hydrocarbon oils, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing
cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of ASTM Specification D975 grades No. 1-D S15, No.
1-D S500, and No. 1-D S5000, and grades No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000 diesel fuel oils, European standard
EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.520. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative
determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel blending components.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay of a diesel fuel injected directly into a constant volume combustion chamber
containing heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by Test Method D613,
resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from 2.64 ms to 6.90 ms (75.1 DCN to 31.5 DCN). The combustion analyzer
can measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but precision may be affected. For these shorter or longer ignition delays the
correlation equation for DCN is given in Appendix X2.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with the parameters of this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall
be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the parameter, in accordance with the rounding
method of Practice E29.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2021Nov. 15, 2022. Published July 2021December 2022. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20182021 as
D6890 – 18.D6890 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D6890-21.10.1520/D6890-22.
2
This test method is based on IP PM CQ/2001, published in the IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard
2000 Parts. Copyrighted by Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK. Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6890 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precisi
...
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