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ASTM E3050-22

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification provides requirements and corresponding test methods for denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both. The addition of a denatonium benzoate and a colored dye is required. The minimum and maximum requirements for the amount in which denatonium benzoate must be added are specified. The hydrocarbons approved for use under this specification are gasoline, unleaded gasoline, natural gasoline, heptane, or rubber hydrocarbon solvent.
Also addressed in this specification are workmanship, sampling, sontainers, and sample handling. The test methods cover ethanol, water, and higher alcohols as well as acidity and solvent-washed gum content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.  
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an additional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol use.  
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel. Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature the ethanol.  
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.  
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.  
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for household cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see D4806).  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Sep-2022
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.A0 - Product Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance FuelASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance FuelREDLINE ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E3050 −22
Standard Specification for
1
Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an addi-
2. Referenced Documents
tional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
use.
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel.
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the
ration
allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical compo-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
sition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed
Petroleum Products
to denature the ethanol.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
Petroleum Products
of federal, state, or local regulations.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
covertheproduction,trading,transporting,distributing,whole- D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
sale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specifi- ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
cation does not purport to address the regulatory compliance Engine Fuel
aspects of these activities. D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for house-
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
hold cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and
D4806).
Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 %
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
standard.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- lation Method)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Blends by Titration
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
D7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
Titration
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee E48.A0 on Product Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E3050 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E3050-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3050−22
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo- 4.2.3 The denaturant is added as deterrent to consumption.
metric Karl Fischer Titration The denatonium benzoate addition is recommended in an
3
amount that mee
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3050 − 21 E3050 − 22
Standard Specification for
1
Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an additional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol use.
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel.
Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition
of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature the ethanol.
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and
retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these
activities.
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for household cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see D4806).
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.A0 on Product Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021Sept. 15, 2022. Published January 2022September 2022. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 20162021
as E3050 – 16.E3050 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/E3050-21.10.1520/E3050-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3050 − 22
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohols in
1 4
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas
Chromatography
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation
Method)
D7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
D7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
E
...

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This specification describes the various characteristics and requirements of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions in ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The spark-ignition engine fuels covered here are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers, and not fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as fuel methanol (M85). This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements as well.
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.  
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1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8070-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Screening of Fuels and Fuel Associated Aqueous Specimens for Microbial Contamination by Lateral Flow Immunoassay

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a tool for assessing whether fuel storage and distribution facilities, or end user fuel tanks, are subject to microbial growth, and to alert fuel suppliers or users to the potential for fuel quality or operational problems or the requirement for preventative or remedial measures, or both.  
5.2 This test method allows assessment of whether antigens generated by microbial activity in the specimens are present within specific defined ranges.  
5.3 This test method measures the presence of microbial and metabolite antigens in a specimen. The antigens are generated from the living cells and metabolites created by fungi and bacteria during growth on fuel. Consequently, the presence of antigens is an indicator of microbial contamination in fuel systems. Antigens are not associated with matter of nonbiological origin.  
5.3.1 Some of the antigens detected by this test method can persist after treatment with a biocide. See 11.4.  
5.4 This test method is semi-quantitative and can be used to determine whether contamination in samples drawn from fuel tanks and systems is negligible or present at moderate or heavy levels.  
5.4.1 Further information on using the test to assess biodeterioration risk is provided in Appendix X1.  
5.5 The significance of these levels to the operator will depend on the fuel type, the sampling location, the equipment or facility sampled, and the specific operating circumstances.  
5.6 Further guidance on interpretation of test results can be found in Guide D6469, in Energy Institute guidelines for the investigation of the microbial content of petroleum fuels, and in the IATA Guidance Material on Microbial Contamination in Aircraft Fuel Tanks.  
5.7 Further guidance on sampling can be found in Practice D7464.  
5.8 Testing can be conducted on a routine basis or to investigate incidents.  
5.9 Microbiological tests are not intended to be used to determine compliance with fuel specifications or lim...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure that can be used in the field or in a laboratory to detect antigens indicative of microbial contamination in liquid fuels, including those blended with synthesized hydrocarbons or biofuels, with kinematic viscosities (at 40 °C) of ≤24 mm2s–1 (for example, Specifications D396, D975, and D1655) and in fuel-associated water.  
1.1.1 This test method has been validated by an ILS for a range of middle distillate fuels meeting Specification D1655, EN590, Specification D975, and ISO 8217:2012.  
1.2 This test method semi-quantitatively assesses the concentration of specific antigens generated by commonly recovered, fuel-associated, aerobic microorganisms during active growth in fuel systems.  
1.2.1 A proprietary formulation of antibodies and antibody mixtures is used to detect three types of microbial antigen contamination: antigens generally found in aerobic bacteria, antigens generally present in common fungi (yeast and molds), and an antigen that is characteristic of Hormoconis resinae (the fungus most commonly associated with fuel biodeterioration).  
1.2.2 Although the antibodies and antibody mixtures are characteristic of diverse types of bacteria and fungi, it is unlikely that they are universal. Recognizing that for every microbe that has been isolated and characterized, it is likely that there are a billion that have not. Consequently, as is the case with all microbiological test methods, this test method does not purport to detect 100 % of the microbes present in a fuel or fuel-associated water sample.  
1.3 For each of the three sets of antigen detected (H. resinae, common fungi, and aerobic bacteria), the test detects whether the antigen concentration present is within set ranges representing negligible, moderate, or heavy microbial contamination.  
1.3.1 For fuel specimens, the antigen concentration ranges detected are 750 µg/L (heavy).  
1.3.2 For specimens of wat...

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ASTM
ASTM E1259-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Guide D6469 details the types of problems associated with uncontrolled microbial growth in fuels and fuel systems. Treatment with effective antimicrobial agents is one element of contamination control strategy.  
5.2 The procedure should be used to evaluate the relative efficacy of microbicides in liquid fuels boiling below 390 °C. The effect of environmental conditions, such as a variety of fuel additives, metal surfaces, and climatology, are variables that can be included in specific tests using this protocol.  
5.3 This practice addresses product performance issues only. Regulatory Agencies restrict and control the use of both pesticides (in the U.S.: 40 CFR 152) and fuel additives (40 CFR 79). Regardless of performance in this method, antimicrobials must only be used in compliance with applicable regulations. Specific industries, for example, the aviation industry, may place further restrictions on chemicals used for fuel treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate antimicrobial agents for the prevention of microbially influenced deterioration of liquid fuels (as defined by Specification D396, D910, D975, D1655, D2069, D2880, D3699, D4814, D6227, D6751, and D7467), system deterioration, or both.  
1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.  
1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is required and to follow them where appropriate (40 CFR, 160), or as revised.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7544-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel

ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion; water content; pyrolysis solids content; kinematic viscosity; density; sulfur content; ash content; pH; flash point; and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.  
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade D in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not modified to handle these types of fuels.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.  
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2: The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.2.3.1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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