ASTM D5185-09

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D5185–05 Designation: D 5185 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and
Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of
Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled
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Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Costs associated with maintenance due to engine and machine wear can be significant. Therefore,
diagnostic methods for determining the condition of engines and other machinery can be important.
This test method is intended to quantify, for the purpose of equipment monitoring, the concentration
of metals in used lubricating oils. Although the precision statement was determined by analyzing a
varietyofusedoilsthistestmethodcan,inprinciple,beusedfortheanalysisofunusedoilstoprovide
more complete elemental composition data than Test Methods D 4628, D 4927, or D 4951.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of additive elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used lubricating oils by
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1.
1.2 This test method covers the determination of selected elements, listed in Table 1, in re-refined and virgin base oils.
1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below 190 nm, a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required. The
determination of sodium and potassium is not possible on some instruments having a limited spectral range.
1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble
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particulates.Analyticalresultsareparticlesizedependent,andlowresultsareobtainedforparticleslargerthanafewmicrometers.
1.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional,
appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.
1.6 For elements other than calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits listed inTable 2 andTable 3 were estimated to be ten times
the repeatability standard deviation. For calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits represent the lowest concentrations tested in the
interlaboratory study.
1.7
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, 8.2, and 8.4.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1109 Test Method Practice for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates from Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Atomic Emission SpectrometrySpectroscopy
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on
Elemental Analysis.
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Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5185–02 .
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 5185–05.
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Eisentraut, K. J., Newman, R. W., Saba, C. S., Kauffman, R. E., and Rhine, W. E., Analytical Chemistry, Vol 56, 1984.
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For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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