ASTM D6750-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6750 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder
Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N
Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6750; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel
ɛ1
in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D6750 – 19 . DOI: 10.1520/
sulfur) procedure. The only difference in the two test methods
D6750-23.
is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions These 1K/1N test procedures were developed by Caterpillar Inc., P.O. Box 610,
in all information Letters through No. 23-1. Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6750 − 23
tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston,
Reporting Calibration Test Results 13.13
Precision and Bias 14
the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings
Keywords 15
for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils
ANNEXES
intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for
ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1
ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2
1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.
ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3
ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original
3 Specifications for Test Engine and Engine Build Annex A5
Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures, also embody TMC information
Intake Air System Details Annex A6
letters issued before these test methods were first published.
Exhaust System Details Annex A7
Cooling System Details Annex A8
These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the
Oil System Modifications and Instrument Locations Annex A9
next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes
Other Pressure and Temperature Measurement Locations Annex A10
in these test methods by the issuance of information letters
Oil Consumption Linear Regression Method Annex A11
Test Fuel Specifications Annex A12
which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex
Lubrication System, Flush Apparatus and Procedure Annex A13
A4).
Engine Operating Conditions Annex A14
Procedure for Rating Piston and Liner Annex A15
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Calculation of Percent Offset and Percent Deviation Annex A16
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1K/1N Test Reporting Annex A17
Parts List by Part Number (P/N) and Warranty Annex A18
standard.
Safety Precautions Annex A19
1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
APPENDIXES
such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing
Humidity Data Appendix X1
Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Appendix X2
size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific
Examples of Forms for Reporting Appendix X3
Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.
Optional Recording of Oil Pass Limits Appendix X4
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Section
Introduction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Scope 1
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Referenced documents 2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Methods 4
Specific precautionary statements appear throughout the text.
Significance and Use 5
Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards
Apparatus 6
that shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A19 on Safety
General Laboratory Requirements 6.1
Test Engine 6.2
Precautions).
Test Engine Accessories and Parts 6.3
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Reagents and Materials 7
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Test Oil Sample Requirements 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Engine Inspection 9.1
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush 9.2
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections 9.3
Engine Assembly 9.4
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly 9.5
Calibration of Engine Test Stand 10
2. Referenced Documents
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration 10.1
Runs 10.2 4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specified Test Parameters 10.3
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria 10.4
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test 10.5
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Test Numbering 10.6
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Reference Oils 10.7
Closed Cup Tester
Severity Adjustments 10.8
Engine Operating Procedure 11
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Engine Run-In 11.1
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Cool-Down Procedure 11.2
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
Warm-Up Procedure 11.3
Operating Conditions and Oil Additions 11.4
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Measurement of Oil Consumption 11.5
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Sampling Used Oil 11.6
Shutdowns, Lost Time and Off Tolerance Conditions 11.7 D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Recording of Exhaust Temperature 11.8
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)
Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement 11.9
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
Recording of Engine Conditions 11.10
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
Humidity Requirements/Calibration/Measurement 11.11
Inspections, Photographs and Measurements 12
ity)
Reference to Reporting Form 12.1
Pre-Test Measurements of Engine Parts 12.2
Post-Test Information 12.3
Oil Inspections 12.4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Report 13
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
General Directions 13.1
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electronic Transmission of Test Results (Optional) 13.12
the ASTM website.
D6750 − 23
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products 2.2 SAE Standard:
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
Petroleum Products Classification
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
2.3 API Standard:
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide to Crank-
by Potentiometric Titration
case Oil Selection
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
2.4 Other ASTM Document:
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (Formerly CRC Manual
ucts by Hydrometer Method
20)
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
3. Terminology
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) 3.1 Definitions:
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Dis- 3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the indentity of
tillates by Mass Spectrometry which is unknown by the test facility.
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products 3.1.1.1 Discussion—This is a coded reference oil that is
and Liquid Fuels submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D5844
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
3.1.2 calibrated test stand, n—a test stand on which the
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
testing of reference material(s), conducted as specified in the
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
standard, provided acceptable test results.
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In several automotive lubricant stan-
D3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
dard test methods, the TMC provides testing guidance and
Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)
determines acceptability. Sub. B Glossary
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel
3.1.3 calibration test, n—an engine test conducted on a
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
reference oil under carefully prescribed conditions, the results
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
of which are used to determine the suitability of the engine
Category Engine Oils
stand/laboratory for such tests on non-reference oils.
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
3.1.3.1 Discussion—A calibration test also includes tests
Variable Equation
conducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use in
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
reference and non-reference tests.
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
3.1.4 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
and is to be tested against that specification. D5844
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
etry (ICP-AES)
3.1.5 debris, n—in internal combustion engines, solid con-
D5186 Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine
Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel
or resulting from wear. D5862
Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
3.1.6 double-blind test, n—a standard test performed on a
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
double-blind reference oil.
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn
3.1.7 double-blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the
2003)
identity of which is unknown by either the submitting source or
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-
the test facility and is not known to be a reference oil by the test
Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
facility.
(Withdrawn 2009)
3.1.7.1 Discussion—This is a coded reference oil that is
D6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel
supplied by an independent source to a second party, who
Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the
applies their own coded designation to the oil (and if necessary,
Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)
repackages it to preserve its anonymity), and submits it to a
D6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of
third party for testing. Sub. B Glossary
Diesel Engine Oil at 135 °C
3.1.8 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096. Order SAE Handbook, Vol 3; the standard is not
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
available separately.
Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., NW, Washington,
DC 20005.
5 8
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on For Stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
www.astm.org. ASTM International Customer Service at service@astm.org.
D6750 − 23
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as 3.2.3 liner bore polishing, n—see ASTM Deposit Rating
a combustion gas sealant for piston rings. Manual 20.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
3.2.4 new laboratory, n—a laboratory that has not had two
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
acceptable reference oil test results on approved reference oils
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
(see special circumstances in 3.2.4.1).
examples.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—A laboratory not running either a 1K or
1N test for 24 months from the start of the last test is
3.1.9 erosion, n—wearing away gradually, especially by
considered a new laboratory. Under special circumstances
rubbing or corroding.
(such as extended downtime due to industry-wide parts short-
3.1.10 heavy duty engine, n—in internal combustion engine
age or fuel outages), the TMC may extend the lapsed time
types, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or
requirement. Non-reference oil tests conducted during an
close to its peak output.
extended time allowance shall be annotated on the comment
3.1.11 lubricating oil, n—a liquid lubricant, usually com-
form.
prising several ingredients, including a major portion of base
3.2.5 new test stand, n—a test engine and support hardware
oil and minor portions of various additives. Sub. B Glossary
that has never been calibrated under this test procedure.
3.1.12 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
3.2.6 scratching, n—see ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20.
oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
3.2.7 scuffıng, n—in lubrication, see ASTM Deposit Rating
date oil. D5844
Manual 20.
3.1.13 purchaser, n—of an ASTM test, a person or organi-
3.2.8 test time, n—in this test method, all engine test time
zation that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on a
accumulated when carrying out this test procedure.
specified product.
3.2.9 varnish, n—in internal combustion engines, see
3.1.13.1 Discussion—The preferred term is purchaser. Dep-
ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20.
recated terms that have been used are client, requestor,
3.3 Abbreviations:
sponsor, and customer. D6202
3.3.1 BDC—bottom dead center.
3.1.14 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance
3.3.2 BSOC—break specific oil comsumption.
characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
3.3.3 EOT—end of test.
3.1.14.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
3.3.4 EOTOC—end of test oil consumption.
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
3.3.5 EWMA—exponentially weighted moving average.
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
3.3.6 LTMS—TMC Lubrication Test Monitoring System.
oils. D5844
3.3.7 SA—severity adjustment.
3.1.15 soot, n—in internal combustion engines, submicron
3.3.8 TDC—top dead center.
size particles, primarily carbon, created in the combustion
3.3.9 TGF—top groove fill.
chamber as products of incomplete combustion. D5862 3.3.10 TLHC—top land heavy carbon.
3.3.11 WDK—weighted demerits (1K).
3.1.16 sponsor, n—of an ASTM test method, an organization
3.3.12 WDN—weighted demerits (1N).
that is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used in
the test procedure portion of the test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.16.1 Discussion—In some instances, such as a test
4.1 A Caterpillar 1Y540 diesel engine, or a 1Y73 diesel
method for chemical analysis, an ASTM working group can be
engine with a 1Y541 conversion arrangement (see 6.2), is built
the sponsor of a test method. In other instances, a company
up prior to test (either 1K or 1N test procedure) in accordance
with a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the test
with the accompanied directions using a special parts kit.
procedure used within the test method, but is the sponsor, of
These include disassembly, solvent cleaning, measurement,
the test method D6594
and rebuild of the power section in strict accordance with
3.1.17 standard test, n—a test on a calibrated test stand
specifications. The parts comprise a new piston, ring assembly,
using the prescribed equipment that is assembled according to
and cylinder liner which are measured and installed prior to
the requirements in the test method, and conducted according
test. The engine crankcase is solvent cleaned and worn or
to the specified operating conditions.
defective parts replaced. The test stand is equipped with
appropriate accessories for controlling speed, torque, and
3.1.18 wear, n—the loss of material from a surface, gener-
various other engine operating conditions. Suitable systems are
ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and
provided for treating the inlet air and controlling the exhaust
resulting from mechanical or chemical action, or a combination
gases. Using the test oil as the engine lubricating oil, the single
of both. D7422
cylinder, calibrated diesel engine is run under the prescribed
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
test conditions for a total of 252 h. A specified break-in
3.2.1 heavy land carbon, n—see ASTM Deposit Rating
procedure precedes each test and whenever the engine needs to
Manual 20.
be restarted. During the test, engine oil consumption is
3.2.2 Keystone ring, n—a compression ring with both sides periodically measured. At the end of the test (either 1K or 1N),
tapered. the engine is disassembled and the piston, liner, and rings
D6750 − 23
photographed, inspected, and measured. Average oil consump- 6.2 Test Engine—The test engine for these 1K and 1N test
tion and used oil condition data are also recorded. procedures is either (1) a Caterpillar 1Y540 engine or (2) a
Caterpillar 1Y73 engine with a 1Y541 conversion arrange-
10 10
ment. Details are given in the Caterpillar Service Manual.
5. Significance and Use
Each test engine (1) is a direct injection, single-cylinder diesel
5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K
engine with a four-valve arrangement, (2) has a cylinder bore
and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized,
of 137.2 mm bore and a piston stroke of 165.1 mm resulting in
calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either
a displacement of 2.4 L and (3) is equipped with a number of
mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction
modified and unmodified accessories that are described in 6.3.
0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston
See Annex A5 for specifications for engine build.
and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and
6.3 Test Engine Accessories and Parts—Many of the acces-
liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.
sories of the assembled Caterpillar engines (see 6.2) require
5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with modifications for these test methods. These modifications are
certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy described herewith.
6.3.1 Intake Air System—The system comprises an air
duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with
heater chamber, isolation hose and appropriate piping. Con-
respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption,
struction details are given in Annex A6. To ensure good
when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These
precision, the system shall be uniform within a laboratory and
data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.
among laboratories. The system shall be capable of filtering,
5.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit
heating, compressing, and humidifying the inlet air in accor-
formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines
dance with the specified engine operating conditions in Annex
that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust
A14.
emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel
6.3.1.1 Filtering—Use an air filter capable of 10 μm (or
containing less than mass fraction 0.05 % sulfur. See Research
smaller) filtration.
Report RR:D02-1321.
6.3.1.2 Heating—Provide heating to heat the intake air to
the specified temperature. Locate the air temperature measure-
5.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of
ment tap at the P/N 1Y632 adapter (see Annex A6). For air
diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Speci-
barrels mounted horizontally, the location of the pressure tap
fication D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils
and air outlet pipe can be interchanged (see Annex A6).
(API 1509).
6.3.1.3 Compressing—Provide air compression capability.
5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil
Locate the intake air pressure measurement tap at the air barrel
development. (see Annex A6). When air barrels are mounted horizontally, the
locations of the pressure tap and air outlet pipe can be
6. Apparatus interchanged (see 6.3.1.2).
6.3.1.4 Humidifying—The equipment shall be capable of
6.1 General Laboratory Requirements:
humidifying compressed air to a water content in dry air of
6.1.1 Engine Operation and Buildup Area—Keep the ambi-
17.8 g ⁄kg and maintaining the humidified inlet air at a specified
ent air free from gross dirt, dust, and other contamination,
temperature. See Annex A6 for location of humidity measure-
especially in the build-up area, following accepted engine test
ment tap.
laboratory practice.
6.3.1.5 Inspection of Air Intake Barrel—Prior to each stand
6.1.2 Measurement Area—As good practice, maintain this calibration test, inspect the intake air barrel for rust and debris.
area at about 10 °C to 25 °C. The actual air temperature is not Perform the inspection through either of the pipe flanges using
a borescope or other optical means.
critical within this range, but maintain it within 63 °C to
achieve acceptable repeatability in the measurement of dimen- 6.3.2 Exhaust System—The exhaust system comprises an
exhaust elbow, a welded 45° pipe nipple, a bellows assembly,
sions of parts. Filter the air supply to the area to remove
an exhaust barrel, and exhaust piping downstream of the barrel
particles larger than about 10 μm and maintain at 45 % to 65 %
that contains a restriction valve to maintain the exhaust gases
relative humidity. If unable to do this, keep the air free from
at back pressures up to 216 kPa 6 1 kPa. Drawings of the
gross particulate contamination as indicated in 6.1.1.
component parts, dimensions, and instrument locations are
6.1.3 Parts Rating Area—Maintain as specified in ASTM
given in Annex A7. The exhaust system shall also provide for
Deposit Rating Manual 20.
exhaust gas temperature measurement and exhaust gas
6.1.4 Parts Cleaning Area—(Warning—Provide adequate
sampling, the exhaust gas temperature range being 550 °C 6
ventilation and fire protection in areas where solvents are used
30 °C.
(see Annex A19).
Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.
Box 610, Mossville, Il 61552-0610. Service and parts manuals available are (1)
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Caterpillar Service Manual for Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine for Diesel
be obtained by requesting Reports RR:D02:1273 and RR:D02-1321. Contact ASTM Lubricants, Form No. SENR2856 and (2) Caterpillar Parts Book, Form No.
Customer Service at service@astm.org. SEBP1408.
D6750 − 23
6.3.2.1 Exhaust Barrel—The exhaust barrel may be insu- 6.3.3.3 Engine Temperature Differential—As an indicator of
lated or water-cooled. Place the new exhaust elbow P/N coolant system performance, maintain the engine temperature
1Y631-2 (see Annex A7) at the rear side or front of the engine. differential (∆T) (coolant temperature out of the cylinder head
The volume of the exhaust barrel and the dimensions and minus coolant temperature into the block) at 5.0 °C 6 1.0 °C.
distance of the exhaust piping from the exhaust elbow to the Also control the coolant temperature out at 93 °C 6 2.5 °C. If
barrel are specified in Figs. A7.1-A7.4. The downstream original Caterpillar coolant heat exchanger (from 1Y0581 –
distance of the restriction valve from the exhaust barrel is not Lines and Heat Exchanger Group) is replaced, an equivalent
specified. replacement heat exchanger must be used to meet all tempera-
ture and pressure specifications (coolant outlet temperature:
6.3.2.2 Exhaust Probe—Use an exhaust probe to sample
exhaust gases for air/fuel ratio determinations. Install the probe 93 °C 6 2.5 °C; coolant delta temperature: 5 °C 6 1 °C;
coolant inlet temperature: 88 °C; coolant flow: 65 L ⁄min 6
using a suitable reducer and compression fitting downstream of
the exhaust restriction valve and within 1.2 m. Locate the 2 L ⁄min; pressure drop across heat exchanger: 1.5 kPa maxi-
mum; coolant at jug pressure: 50 kPa).
probe in mid-stream and parallel to the exhaust flow as shown
in Fig. A7.5. 6.3.3.4 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant is a mixture of
50/50 volume ratio of coolant (Caterpillar brand P/N 8C3684
6.3.2.3 Exhaust Temperature—Measure the exhaust tem-
15,12
in a 3.8 L container or P/N 8C3686 in a 200 L drum) to
perature with thermocouple P/N 1Y467 or equivalent located
mineral-free water, the mineral content being ≤34.2 mg ⁄kg of
as shown in Fig. A7.4.
total solids in water. This coolant mixture may be used for up
6.3.2.4 Exhaust Pressure—Measure the exhaust pressure in
to six tests or three months, whichever comes first. Maintain
the exhaust barrel as shown in Fig. A7.2. Set the pressure at the
the mixture at a 50/50 ratio of coolant to water and verify
conditions specified in Table A14.1 by adjusting the restriction
periodically with either a Caterpillar tester P/N 5P3514 or P/N
valve.
590957 or equivalent commercial tester. Keep the coolant
6.3.3 Cooling System—Provide a closed circulating cooling
mixture substantially free from solids contamination (total
system with an engine-driven centrifugal water pump or
11,12
solids <5000 mg/kg) and at the correct additive level by
equivalent electric motor-driven water pump. System de-
checking with test kit P/N 8T5296.
tails given in Fig. A8.1 show cooling system modifications;
6.3.3.5 Cooling System Cleaning Procedure, General—
Fig. A8.2 shows coolant temperature, flow, and pressure
Clean the system when visual inspection shows the presence of
measurement locations; and Fig. A8.3 shows a water pump
(1) oil or grease (see 6.3.3.6), (2) mineral deposits or rust, or
bypass arrangement. See 6.3.3.5 regarding system cleaning.
both (see 6.3.3.7). When the cooling system is contaminated by
6.3.3.1 Cooling System Modification—Modify the cooling
both oil and scale, first remove the oil, then remove the scale.
system as shown in Fig. A8.4.
Cylinder head coolant passages also may be cleaned after the
6.3.3.2 Coolant Flow, Control and Measurement—Modify
head is removed.
the engine coolant lines from the cylinder head to the standpipe
6.3.3.6 Removal of Oil and Grease from Cooling System—
in accordance with Fig. A8.1. As shown, the coolant line
Follow these steps:
contains (1) a calibrated Barco flowmeter, P/N BR 12705-16-
13,12 (1) Operate the engine until the engine oil and coolant
31 , 25.4 mm in diameter to measure the coolant flow and
water reach operating temperatures and then shut down the
(2) a P/N 1Y496 orifice, 15.797 mm in diameter before the
engine and drain the coolant from the cooling system.
flowmeter to develop cooling system pressure and thereby to
(2) Fill the cooling system with oil/grease cleaning solution
eliminate coolant cavitation. Control coolant flow at 65 L ⁄min
comprising 454 g of trisodium phosphate (Na PO ) dissolved
3 4
6 2.0 L ⁄min at Step 5 (see Table A14.1) by a bypass valve
in 38 L of water. Run the engine for 5 min to ensure complete
downstream of the water pump, 19 mm in diameter. Replace
solution with any engine coolant left in the cooling system
the production hose and the restrictive 90° elbows that connect
from (1).
the bypass valve to the cylinder block by a Gates 20777
14,12
(3) Shut down the engine, drain the oil/grease cleaning
hose or equivalent (see Fig. A8.3). Measure the coolant
solution and flush the cooling system with fresh water. Drain
pressure at the block to ensure that proper cooling system
the water from the system.
operation has been attained (see Fig. A8.2).
6.3.3.7 Removal of Scale from Cooling System—Follow
these steps:
(1) Operate the engine until the engine oil and coolant
A suitable electric motor-driven water pump from MP Pumps is recommended
water reach operating temperatures and then shut down the
by Caterpillar. MP part number 30885, CF1PMP SS 3-3 56C 6.0 T-2100, stainless
engine and drain the coolant from the cooling system.
steel pump, 3 hp e phase, 230/460 Vac motor. The sole source of supply of the
apparatus known to the committee at this time is MP Pumps, 34800 Bennett Dr., (2) Fill the cooling system with scale cleaning solution
Fraser MI 48026.
comprising 454 g of commercial sodium bisulfate (NaHSO )
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
dissolved in 38 L of water. Run the engine at operating
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
temperatures for 30 min.
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the Barco flowmeter (Venturi Meter) known to the
committee at this time is P/N No. BR12705-16-31 from Aeroquip Co., Maddock
Mechanical Industries, 833 N. Orleans, Chicago, IL 60610.
14 15
The sole source of supply of the Gates hose known to the committee at this The sole source of supply of the antifreeze known to the committee at this time
time is P/N 20777, available from The Gates Rubber Co., 900 S. Broadway, Denver, is Caterpillar Brand, P/N 8C3684 (1-gal) or P/N 8C3686 (55 gal drum), from
CO 80217-5887. Caterpillar Inc., P.O. Box 610, Mossville, Il 61552-0610.
D6750 − 23
(3) Shut down the engine, drain the scale cleaning solution, temperature in the locations shown in Fig. A10.1. Control fuel
and flush the cooling system with fresh water. Drain the water pressure and temperature in accordance with the requirements
from the system. for engine operating conditions in Table A14.1. Change the
(4) Fill the system with oil/grease cleaning solution com- fuel filter when the pressure deviates from specification re-
prising 454 g of trisodium phosphate (Na PO ) dissolved in quirements.
3 4
38 L of water. Run the engine for 5 min to ensure complete 6.3.7.1 Fuel Consumption Measuring Device—Install a suit-
solution with any water left in the cooling system from (3).
able fuel consumption measuring device to keep fuel consump-
(5) Shut down the engine, drain the oil/grease cleaning tion rates within required tolerances. Maintain the fuel flow
solution and flush the cooling system with clear water. Drain
transducer filter time constant at 73 s max. There shall be no
the water from the system. variation in fuel transfer pump pressure or exhaust temperature
(6) Disassemble the engine and prepare for the next test.
when switching from the engine operating fuel system to the
6.3.4 Dynamometer—Use a dynamometer or other suitable fuel rate measuring system.
loading device to maintain and control engine torque and 6.3.7.2 Fuel Return Line—The fuel return line runs from the
speed.
1.19 mm D orificed tap, through the P/N 307946 elbow at the
fuel pump, to the fuel scale. This line provides fuel temperature
6.3.5 Engine Starting System—Use an engine starting sys-
tem capable of delivering to the engine breakaway torque of stabilization at the pump and also allows entrained air to be
expelled from the system. Place a check valve or shut-off
136 N·m and a sustained torque of 102 N·m at 200 r ⁄min.
solenoid in the return line to prevent fuel from backing into the
6.3.6 Engine Instrumentation—Locations of the various
pump during engine shutdown.
measurement sensors and taps, and installation details and
calibration requirements are given as follows: (1) for intake air 6.3.7.3 Shut-off Solenoid—A P/N 9L8791 solenoid or
equivalent should be placed at the pump housing fuel inlet to
system (see 6.3.1 and Annex A6); (2) for exhaust system (see
control the fuel flow. Location of the solenoid near the fuel
6.3.2 and Annex A7); (3) for cooling system (see 6.3.3 and
pump decreases the fuel volume available to the pump and can
Annex A8); (4) for oil system modifications, see Annex A9;
reduce shut-down time if the solenoid is activated by the
and (5) for other locations, see Annex A10.
engine oil/water pressure safety circuit.
6.3.6.1 Thermocouples—Install the thermocouples or
6.3.7.4 Fuels—The required test fuels are obtainable from
equivalents to a depth such that the sensor tip rests in the
16,12
middle of the fluid stream at the following specified tempera- Haltermann Solutions as LLC diesel test fuel containing
mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur (see 7.2.1) for the 1K test, and from
ture measurement locations:
17,12
Chevron Phillips, as PC-9-HS fuel containing mass frac-
air-to-engine – P/N 1Y468 (see Annex A6)
tion 0.04 % sulfur (see 7.2.2) for the 1N test. Except for the
engine exhaust – P/N 1Y467 (see Annex A7)
marked differences in sulfur contents, the fuels are essentially
fluids, water, oil, fuel – P/N 1Y466 (see Annex A9 and Annex
the same in properties (although specification limits show
A10)
minor variations (compare Table A12.1 and Table A12.2).
6.3.6.2 Locate the instruments for measuring fuel pressure
(1) Use the high heating value to calculate the fuel rate as
and fuel temperature as shown in Fig. A10.1.
specified in Annex A14 and Table A16.2.
6.3.6.3 Locate the instrument for measuring crankcase pres-
(2) A fuel analysis form is provided for each batch of fuel
sure to the crankcase as shown in Fig. A10.2.
by the supplier. Include this analysis as the Fuel Batch Analysis
6.3.6.4 Calibration of Instruments—Calibrate all facility
form of the test report.
read-out instrumentation used for the test immediately prior to
(3) If more than one batch is used, note that on the
commencing a test stand calibration sequence. The test labo-
Unscheduled Downtime & Maintenance Summary form of the
ratory may, at its own discretion, carry out instrumentation
test report. List appropriate percentage of run time for each
calibrations prior to subsequent stand calibration tests, that is,
batch.
those that follow a failed or invalid first attempt. Refer to
(4) For stands calibrated for both 1K and 1N tests
Annex A16 for calibration tolerances and allowable time
simultaneously, take a sample of the fuel at the stand prior to
constants.
each test and have it analyzed for sulfur. Report the results of
6.3.6.5 Calibration of Instrument Measurement Standards—
this analysis in the Unscheduled Downtime & Maintenance
Calibrate, annually, all temperature, pressure, and speed mea-
Summary form of the test report.
surement standards themselves against recognized national
6.3.8 Engine Lubrication System—Use the lubrication sys-
standards. Maintain a record of these calibrations for at least
tem of the engine (see 6.2), but make modifications as shown
two years.
in Annex A9 to the (1) remote mount oil pump relief valve (see
6.3.7 Standardized Fuel System and Fuels—To ensure that
Fig. A9.1), (2) oil pump relief valve plug (see Fig. A9.2), (3) oil
fuel line pressure transients are held to acceptable conditions,
pump accessory drive drain (see Fig. A9.3) and (4) oil filter
install the fuel system components as specified in the service
manual accompanying the diesel engine, taking especial care to
use the high pressure fuel lines and fuel pump components
The sole source of supply for 1K fuel known to the committee at this time is
described therein. In addition, the system shall have a fuel
Haltermann Solutions, Ten Lamar, Ste. 1800, Houston, TX 77002.
consumption measuring device (see 6.3.7.1), a fuel return line
The sole source for 1N fuel known to the committee at this time is Chevron
with a check valve (see 6.3.7.2) or shut-of solenoid (see
Phillips Chemical Co., Chevron Tower, 1301 McKinney Street, Houston, TX
6.3.7.3). Install instruments for measuring fuel pressure and 77010-3030.
D6750 − 23
housing assembly (see Fig. A9.4). The engine lubrication Table A18.1) in a 3.8 L container, or P/N 8C3686 (see Table
system itself is shown in Fig. A13.1. A18.1) in a 200 L drum. (Warning—Combustible. Health
hazard.)
6.3.8.1 Engine Oil Temperature and Pressure Measurement
Locations, and Operating Conditions—Locations of the mea-
7.2 Test Fuels:
surement points are shown in Figs. A9.5-A9.7. The oil cooling
7.2.1 Test Fuel for 1K Test—Diesel test fuel containing mass
jet pressure and the oil to manifold temperature limits are given
fraction 0.4 % natural sulfur known as 0.4 % sulfur diesel test
in Table A14.1. Record other oil pressure and temperature 16,12
fuel (SDTF). The specification for this fuel is given in
readings, as necessary, to monitor the operational conditions of
Table A12.1. (Warning—Combustible. Health hazard.)
the engine and its lubrication system.
7.2.2 Test Fuel for 1N Test—Diesel test fuel containing mass
6.3.8.2 Engine Oil Scale System—Install an engine oil scale 16,12
fraction 0.04 % natural sulfur known as PC-9-HS. The
system to measure accurately engine oil consumption (see Fig.
specification for this fuel is given in Table A12.2. (Warning—
A9.8). The system shall have a capacity to measure about 5 kg
Combustible. Health hazard.)
18,12
of engine oil to within 4.5 g. The hoses to and from the oil
7.3 Solvent—Use only mineral spirits meeting the require-
scale reservoir shall be of sufficient flexibility to eliminate
ments of Specification D235, Type II, Class C for Aromatic
measurement errors. Hose length to and from the oil scale cart
Content (0 to 2 vol) %, Flash Point (61 °C, min) and Color (not
shall be 2.7 m max.
darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale).
6.3.8.3 Oil Filter Replacement—Replace the P/N 1Y636
(Warning—Combustible. Health hazard.) Obtain a Certificate
factory oil/filter group by the new P/N 1Y0699 filter group. Fit
of Analysis for each batch of solvent from the supplier.
the original oil lines directly into the mounting bracket as on
19,12
the P/N 1Y7277 bracket. Attach the oil line from the oil cooler, 7.4 Dispersant Engine Cleaner— (Warning—Use with
to the lower oil hole, and the line to the oil manifold to the
adequate safety precautions.)
upper hole. The base assembly includes a pressure sensitive
7.5 Aqueous Detergent Solution, prepared from a commer-
bypass around the filter. Install the last chance screen P/N
cial laundry detergent.
1Y3549. Disassemble and clean the oil filter bypass valve
7.6 Sodium Bisulfate (NaHSO ), commercial grade.
before each test. 4
6.3.8.4 Oil Pump Modifications—Modify the oil pump (see
7.7 Trisodium Phosphate (Na PO ), commercial grade.
3 4
Fig. A9.1) by (1) adding an external oil pump bypass to safely
7.8 Pentane—Any mixture of branched and normal ali-
and conveniently adjust oil pressure on engine break-in and
phatic hydrocarbons containing, by volume, at least 95 % of
warm-up; (2) routing directly the oil pump drive housing drain
pentanes and not more than a total, by volume, of 0.5 %
line to the oil pan to ensure proper drainage of the housing; and
hydrocarbons < C and > C . (Warning—Flammable. Health
4 6
(3) tapping deeper the oil bypass port and installing a bolt to fill
hazard.)
the dead oil space (see Fig. A9.2).
7.9 Reference Oil, as supplied by TMC for calibration of the
6.3.9 Gas Meter for Measuring Engine Blowby—Measure
test stand.
the engine blowby with a displacement type gas meter or
equivalent fitted with an oil separator and surge chamber.
7.10 Test Oil—See test oil sample requirements (see Section
Attach the meter to the engine in two steps. First, attach the
8).
fitting on the P/N 1Y479 valve (see Table A18.1) to the
7.11 Engine Oil, for shakedown run, use TMC 809.
crankcase breather; then attach the meter by way of this fitting
7.11.1 Engine Oil, Substitute, for oiling cylinder liner and
to the engine by using appropriate length of hose and pipe.
when test oil unavailable at assembly, use Exxon-Mobil
When switching from a normal operating system to the blowby
20,12
EF-411 oil.
measuring system, allow no more than a minimal increase in
21,12
crankcase pressure for a period not exceeding 4 min.
7.12 Lead Shot, approximately 5 mm in diameter.
6.3.10 Procurement of Parts and Warranty—Obtain infor- 22,12
7.13 Light Grease.
mation concerning the test engine, new engine parts, replace-
7.14 Diesel Piston Rating Equipment.
ment parts and permissible substitution of replacement parts
7.14.1 Diesel Piston Rating Lamp—See A15.5.
from Caterpillar, Inc. (see Annex A18). Table A18.1 shows a
listing of parts by part numbers (P/N) referenced in these
1K/1N standard methods, while A18.2 provides information on
parts warranty. 19
The sole source of supply of the dispersant engine cleaner known to the
committee at this time is The Lubrizol Corp., 29400 Lakeland Blvd., Cleveland, OH
44092.
7. Reagents and Materials
The sole source of supp
...