ASTM D5185-05

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An American National Standard
Designation: D 5185 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and
Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of
Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled
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Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Costs associated with maintenance due to engine and machine wear can be significant. Therefore,
diagnostic methods for determining the condition of engines and other machinery can be important.
This test method is intended to quantify, for the purpose of equipment monitoring, the concentration
of metals in used lubricating oils. Although the precision statement was determined by analyzing a
varietyofusedoilsthistestmethodcan,inprinciple,beusedfortheanalysisofunusedoilstoprovide
more complete elemental composition data than Test Methods D 4628, D 4927,or D 4951.
1. Scope* and zinc, the low limits represent the lowest concentrations
tested in the interlaboratory study.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of additive
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used lubricating
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrom-
only.
etry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method covers the determination of selected
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
elements, listed in Table 1, in re-refined and virgin base oils.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
190 nm, a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
determinationofsodiumandpotassiumisnotpossibleonsome
statements are given in 6.1, 8.2, and 8.4.
instruments having a limited spectral range.
1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration
2. Referenced Documents
and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
particulates.Analytical results are particle size dependent, and
C 1109 Test Method for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates
low results are obtained for particles larger than a few
2 from Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled
micrometers.
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1.5 Elementspresentatconcentrationsabovetheupperlimit
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
of the calibration curves can be determined with additional,
(High-Temperature Method)
appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.6 For elements other than calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the
Petroleum Products
lowlimitslistedinTable2andTable3wereestimatedtobeten
D 4307 PracticeforPreparationofLiquidBlendsforUseas
times the repeatability standard deviation. For calcium, sulfur,
Analytical Standards
D 4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium,
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
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Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
e2
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5185–02 . contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Eisentraut, K. J., Newman, R. W., Saba, C. S., Kauffman, R. E., and Rhine, W. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E., Analytical Chemistry, Vol 56, 1984. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D5185–05
A
TABLE 1 Elements Determined and Suggested Wavelengths TABLE 3 Reproducibility
A
Element Wavelength, nm Element Range, mg/kg Reproducibility, µg/g
0.26
Aluminum 308.22, 396.15, 309.27 Aluminum 6–40 3.8 X
0.92
Barium 233.53, 455.40, 493.41 Barium 0.5–4 0.59 X
0.01
Boron 249.77 Boron 4–30 13 X
1.3
Calcium 315.89, 317.93, 364.44, 422
...