ASTM D6681-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
Section
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Method
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus and Installation
6
Intake Air System
6.2.1
Exhaust System
6.2.2
Fuel System
6.2.3
Oil Consumption System
6.2.4
Engine Oil System
6.2.5
Oil Heating System
6.2.5.1
Oil Sample Valve
6.2.5.2
Engine Coolant System
6.2.6
Engine Instrumentation
6.2.7
Reagents and Materials
7
Oil Samples
8
Preparation of Apparatus
9
General Engine Assembly Practices
9.1
Complete Engine Inspection
9.2
Copper Components
9.3
Engine Lubricant System Flush
9.4
Engine Piston Cooling Jets
9.5
Engine Measurements and Inspections
9.6
Cylinder Head
9.7
Valve Guide Bushings
9.8
Fuel Injector
9.9
Piston and Rings
9.10
Cylinder Liner
9.11
Compression Ratio
9.12
Engine Timing
9.13
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure
9.14
Calibration and Standardization
10
Test Cell Instrumentation
10.1
Instrumentation Standards
10.2
Coolant Flow
10.3
Re-calibration Requirements
10.4
Fuel Injectors
10.5
Air Flow
10.6
Intake Air Barrel
10.7
Fuel Filter
10.8
Oil Scale Flow Rates
10.9
Calibration of Test Stands
10.10
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period
10.11
Test Run Numbering
10.13
Humidity Calibration Requirements
10.14
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters
10.15
Procedure
11
Engine Break-in Procedure
11.1
Cool-down Procedure
11.2
Warm-up Procedure
11.3
Shutdowns and Lost Time
11.4
Periodic Measurements
11.5
Engine Control Systems
11.6
Engine Coolant
11.6.1
Engine Fuel System
11.6.2
Engine Oil Temperature
11.6.3
Exhaust Pressure
11.6.4
Intake Air
11.6.5
Post-Test Procedures
11.7
Piston Ring Side Clearances
11.7.1
Piston Ratings
11.7.2
Referee Ratings
11.7.3
Ring End Gap...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6681 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder
1
Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance can use the test method described in
2
this standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides calibration oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army has such a requirement
in some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written for those laboratories
that use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore those
portions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMC
3
may modify this method. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the
test method.
1. Scope* 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a
4 Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite
standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine. Piston
hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on
and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption
Safety).
is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
Section
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Scope 1
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
standard.
Summary of Test Method 4
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
Significance and Use 5
such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing Apparatus and Installation 6
Intake Air System 6.2.1
size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment
Exhaust System 6.2.2
specification.
Fuel System 6.2.3
Oil Consumption System 6.2.4
Engine Oil System 6.2.5
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Oil Heating System 6.2.5.1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2
Subcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Engine Coolant System 6.2.6
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7
in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6681 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/
Reagents and Materials 7
D6681-23. Oil Samples 8
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA Preparation of Apparatus 9
General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1
16229.
3
Complete Engine Inspection 9.2
This edition incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through
Copper Components 9.3
23-1. Users of this test method shall contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center to
Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4
obtain the most recent information letters.
4
Engine Piston Cooling Jets 9.5
Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.
Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6
Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6681 − 23
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Section
Cylinder Head 9.7
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Valve Guide Bushings 9.8
ization established in the Decision on Pri
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6681 − 17 D6681 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder
1
Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance can use the test method described in
2
this standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides calibration oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army has such a requirement
in some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written for those laboratories
that use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore those
portions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMC
3
may modify this method. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the
test method.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American
Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a
4
standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is
measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or
where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that
require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017July 1, 2023. Published May 2017July 2023. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D6681 – 16.D6681 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6681-17.10.1520/D6681-23.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206–4489.203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229.
3
This edition incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through 16-1.23-1. Users of this test method shall contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center to
obtain the most recent information letters.
4
Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6681 − 23
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus and Installation 6
Intake Air System 6.2.1
Exhaust System 6.2.2
Fuel System 6.2.3
Oil Consumption System 6.2.4
Engine Oil System 6.2.5
Oil Heating System 6.2.5.1
Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2
Engine Coolant System 6.2.6
Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7
Reagents and Materials 7
Oil Samples 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1
Complete Engine Inspection 9.2
Copper Components 9.3
Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4
Engine Piston Cooling Jets 9.5
Engine M
...
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