ASTM D8056-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis of Crude Oil
Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis of Crude Oil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide summarizes the test methods used in the elemental analysis of crude oils. Additional information on the significance and use of the test methods quoted in this guide can be found under discussion of individual test methods in Sections 8 through 15.
3.2 Crude oils are highly complex hydrocarbons also containing some organometallic compounds, inorganic sediment, and water. Nearly 600 individual hydrocarbons, over 200 separate sulfur compounds, and about 40 trace elements have been found in crude oils (1).6 Generally, sulfur and nitrogen are the two most abundant elements found in crude oils except for carbon and hydrogen. Most other inorganic elements are present at trace levels (mg/kg). Sulfur, nitrogen, vanadium, nickel, and iron are the most frequently determined elements in the crude oils. Ratios such as vanadium to vanadium + nickel, and iron to vanadium are suggested as being useful for oil type characterizations. Since organometallic compounds are concentrated in the heavy ends of petroleum, transition element concentrations and ratios can serve as excellent oil-oil correlation parameters. Generally, vanadium and nickel content increases with asphaltic content of crude oil (API gravity is an indicator). Lighter crude oils contain lesser amounts of metals (2, 3).
3.3 Metal complexes called porphyrins are a major component of metallic compounds in crude oils. The principal porphyrin complexes are Ni+2 and VO+2 compounds. There are also other non-porphyrin complexes and other metallic compounds present in crude oils (4, 5).
3.4 Some typical literature citations in this area are included in the reference section at the end of this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the current information about the test methods for elemental and associated analyses used in the analysis of crude oils. This information can be helpful in trade between the buyers and sellers of crude oil. Elemental analyses tests form an important part of quantifying the crude oil quality.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8056 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Elemental Analysis of Crude Oil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.1 This guide summarizes the current information about
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in
the test methods for elemental and associated analyses used in
Gasoline, Kerosine,Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels
the analysis of crude oils. This information can be helpful in
(Potentiometric Method)
trade between the buyers and sellers of crude oil. Elemental
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils
analyses tests form an important part of quantifying the crude
oil quality. and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method
D3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
standard.
Petroleum Products
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
trometry
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
D4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocar-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
bons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
luminescence Detection
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D4929 Test Method for Determination of Organic Chloride
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Content in Crude Oil
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
2. Referenced Documents
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
etry (ICP-AES)
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
1
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil
and Lubricants
3
(Withdrawn 1997)
D5708 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel,
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by
High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission
tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
Spectrometry
D5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemi-
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
luminescence
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8056 – 16. DOI:
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
10.1520/D8056-18.
2 D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
the ASTM website.
3 D6259 Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Quantitation for a Test Method
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8056 − 1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8056 − 16 D8056 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Elemental Analysis of Crude Oil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide summarizes the current information about the test methods for elemental and associated analyses used in the
analysis of crude oils. This information can be helpful in trade between the buyers and sellers of crude oil. Elemental analyses tests
form an important part of quantifying the crude oil quality.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1 3
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil (Withdrawn 1997)
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal
Conductivity Detection (TCD)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric
Method)
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method
D3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence
Detection
D4929 Test Method for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D5708 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Inductively Coupled
Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons, Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016June 1, 2018. Published July 2016June 2018. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8056 – 16.
DOI: 10.1520/D8056-16.10.1520/D8056-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8056 − 18
D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, an
...
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