ASTM F476-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F476 − 14 F476 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Security of Swinging Door Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover door assemblies of various materials and types of construction for use in wall openings to deter
unwanted intruders.
1.2 Door assemblies, covered by these test methods, also include individual components such as the hinge, lock, door, strike, and
jamb.
1.3 These test methods are designed to measure the capability of a swinging door assembly to restrain or delay and frustrate the
commission of “break-in” crimes.
1.4 These test methods apply primarily to typical entry door assemblies.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F471 Terminology Relating to Combination Locks (Withdrawn 2011)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bolt, n—any movable projection that blocks the movement of one object relative to another.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security Systems and Equipment and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.50
on Locking Devices.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2023. Published March 2014February 2023. Originally approved in 1976 as 1976 . F476 – 76 . Last previous edition approved
in 20022014 as F476 – 84 (2002)F476 – 14. which was withdrawn July 2011 and reinstated February 2014. DOI: 10.1520/F0476-14.DOI: 10.1520/F0476-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F476 − 23
3.1.2 bolt projection (or bolt throw), n—distance from the edge of the door, at the bolt center line, to the farthest point on the bolt
in the projected position, when subjected to end pressure.
3.1.3 component, n—as distinguished from a part, a subassembly that combines with other components to make up a total door
assembly.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The prime components of a door assembly include: door, lock, hinges, jamb, strike, and wall.
3.1.4 cylinder, n—complete operating unit that usually consists of the plug shell, tumblers, springs, plug retainer, a cam/tailpiece
or other actuating device, and all other necessary operating parts.
3.1.5 cylinder core (or cylinder plug), n—central part of a cylinder, containing the keyway, that is rotated by the key to operate
the lock mechanism.
3.1.6 deadbolt, n—bolt, which requires a deliberate action to extend, and resists end pressure in the unlocking direction when fully
extended.
3.1.7 dead latch (or dead locking latch bolt), n—latchbolt with a deadlocking mechanism.
3.1.8 door assembly, n—any combination of a door, frame, hardware, and other accessories that is placed in an opening in a wall
that is intended primarily for access or for human entrance or exit.
3.1.9 jamb, n—vertical members of a door frame (such as, those fixed members to which the door is secured).
3.1.10 key-in-knob lockset, n—any lockset with a key operated cylinder in one or more knobs.
3.1.11 key-in-lever lockset, n—any lockset with a key operated cylinder in one or more level handles.
3.1.12 latch:
3.1.12.1 n—mechanical or magnetic door fastener that can automatically keep a door, gate, and so forth, closed.
3.1.12.2 v—engagement of a latch when a door, gate, and so forth, is pushed or pulled closed.
3.1.13 latch bolt, n—spring-actuated bolt, normally with one or more beveled surfaces, that, when aligned with the strike, engages
it automatically.
3.1.14 lock, n—any device that prevents access or use by requiring special knowledge or equipment.
3.1.15 lock front, n—outer plate through which the locking bolt projects and which is usually flush with the edge of the door.
3.1.16 part, n—as distinguished from component, a unit (or subassembly) that combines with other units to make up a component.
3.1.17 strike, n—bolt receptacle typically mounted in the door jamb or the floor.
3.1.18 swinging door, n—stile (side)-hinged door.
3.1.19 Type A lock, n—lock that uses a single bolt or separate latch and lock bolts that are mechanically interconnected.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Test equipment suitable for use in evaluating the physical security of door assemblies and components is described in this
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section. While certain commercial instruments are identified to adequately describe the test equipment, in no case does such
identification imply recommendation or endorsement, nor does it imply that the material or equipment described is necessarily the
best for the purpose.
4.2 Door Ram—The door ram is a pendulum system with a cylindrical weight capable of delivering horizontal impacts of 200 J
(148 ft·lbf). Fig. 1 is a photograph of such a system. A sketch of the ram is shown in Fig. 2. It is a steel cylinder 152.4 mm (6
in.) in diameter, 393.7 mm (15.5 in.) long, with a hemispherical impact nose. It weighs 45 kg (99.2 lb). The impact nose used in
this equipment is made from cast epoxy-polyamide resin; however, any durable impact-resistant material is satisfactory. material;
examples are acetal, cast epoxypolyamide, or similar. The suspension system for the door ram consists of four flexible steel cables
providing a swing radius of 1.71 m (5.61 ft), as shown in Fig. 3. These cables are adjusted to equal length with turnbuckles such
that the ram swings in a straight, true arc and are attached to a steel frame that can be adjusted to be level. Fig. 1 also includes
a diagram of the pendulum system when elevated and at rest, and the measurements required to calculate the impact energy of the
system. Table 1 presents the potential energy of a pendulum system with a 45-kg (99.2-lb) weight as a function of various
elevations of the weight.
4.2.1 The use of a calibrated elevation stand,Calibrated elevation stands, as shown in Fig. 1, is a or laser distance measurement
devices are convenient means of quickly and reproductively establishing the proper ram elevation for each required impact.
4.3 Component Ram—The component ram is a pendulum system capable of delivering impacts of 100 J (74 ft·lbf). A sketch of
the pendulum system is shown in Fig. 4. The pendulum weight has a diameter of 56 mm (2 ⁄16 in.), a length of 838 mm (33 in.),
and weighs 16 kg (35.3 lb). The impact nose is made from a 6-mm ( ⁄4-in.) carriage bolt with the square shank removed. The
vacuum release mechanism also shown in Fig. 4 is a convenient means of holding the component ram in the elevated position and
releasing it to deliver the required impact.
4.3.1 The height of drop of the pendulum for an impact of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) is 637 mm (2.09 ft).
4.3.2 The vertical pendulum system shall use a steel weight and be capable of delivering vertical (downward) impacts of up to
100 J (74 ft·lbf) to a door knob installed in a door assembly.
FIG. 1 Door Ram Pendulum System
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FIG. 2 Door Ram
FIG. 3 Door Ram Suspension System
A
TABLE 1 Potential Energy of Pendulum Used in Door Assembly
and Component Tests
Potential Energy, J Height Of Drop (H), mm Horizontal Swing
B
(ft·lbf) (ft) Distance (L), mm (ft)
60 (44.3) 136 (0.45) 668 (2.19)
80 (59.0) 181 (0.59) 765 (2.51)
100 (73.8) 227 (0.74) 851 (2.79)
120 (88.5) 272 (0.89) 925 (3.04)
140 (103.3) 317 (1.04) 992 (3.26)
160 (118.0) 363 (1.19) 1053 (3.46)
180 (132.8) 408 (1.34) 1108 (3.64)
200 (147.5) 454 (1.49) 1160 (3.81)
A
The pendulum weighed 45 kg (99.2 lb) and was suspended with a wing radius
(R) of 1710 mm (5.61 ft).
B
Height of drop.
2 2
sHd 5R 2 R 2L
œ
4.4 Vertical Impactor—The vertical impactor is a rigid pendulum system capable of delivering downward impacts of 100 J (74
ft·lbf). Fig. 5 shows a photograph of the system. The construction of the pendulum is shown in Fig. 6, and the construction of the
pivot assembly is shown in Fig. 7.
4.4.1 The effective weight of the flat-nosed steel weight is 10 kg (22 lb). An impact of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) is provided by a drop height
of 1.02 m (3.35 ft).
4.4.2 Torque Applicator—The portable torque applicator shall be capable of delivering and measuring up to 160 N·m (118 lbf·ft)
of torque to both door knobs and lock cylinders. The torque loading adapters shall be designed to grip the knobs and cylinders.
4.4.3 Tension-Loading Device—The tension-loading device shall be capable of delivering and measuring tensile forces of up to
18 kN (4000 lbf).
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FIG. 4 Vacuum Release Mechanism
FIG. 5 Vertical Impactor
4.4.4 Compression-Loading Device—The compression-loading device shall be capable of delivering and measuring compressive
forces of up to 900 N (200 lbf).
4.4.5 Jamb-Spreading Device—The jamb-spreading device shall be capable of delivering to door jambs and measuring spreading
forces of up to 22 kN (4950 lbf) with a means of measuring up to 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) of increase in lock-front to strike distance. The
device shall have on each end either a load bearing plate or pressure foot that provides a minimum contact surface of 40 by 120
mm (1 ⁄2 by 5 in.).
4.4.6 Instrument Accuracy—The tension loading and jamb-spreading devices shall have a combined calibration and reading error
no greater than 200 N (45 lbf). The compression-loading device shall have a combined calibration and reading error of no greater
than 40 N (9 lbf). The torquemeter shall have a combined error no greater than 3.4 N·m (2.5 lbf·ft). The impact energy of each
pendulum system shall be controlled to within 61 %.
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FIG. 6 Vertical Impactor Pendulum System
FIG. 7 Vertical Impactor Pivot Assembly
5. Construction and Size
5.1 The construction and size of the test door assemblies, consisting of single doors, doors in pairs, special-purpose doors (such
as Dutch doors), jambs and headers, and all hardware components shall be representative of the classification or rating that is
desired.
5.2 The door assembly support fixture shall simulate the rigidity normally provided to a door assembly in a building by the ceiling,
floor, and walls. Fig. 8 shows an acceptable fixture.
5.3 The test fixture for door, door jamb, hinge, lock, strike, and other components shall consist of a vertical wall section
constructed from 2 by 4 wood studs, 410 mm (16 in.) on center, with a rough entry door opening, and shall be covered with 13-mm
1 1
( ⁄2-in.) exterior grade plywood sheathing on the exterior and ⁄2-in. gypsum board on the interior. It shall be constructed as shown
in Fig. 9 and shall be secured to the wall support fixture (at the sides and top) and to the laboratory floor. For tests of door, lock,
strike, and hinge components, the fixture wall section shall also include a door jamb.
5.4 The alternative test fixture for lockset components shall consist of a small door assembly, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. The
frame shall be fabricated from steel angle and plate at least 5 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick. The test panel shall be 600 mm (24 in.) square
3 3
and 45 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) thick, made by bonding three pieces of plywood together or by cutting a section from a 45-mm (1 ⁄4-in.) solid
wood core door (such as, glued block core construction NWMA IS-1). A 50 by 50 by 3-mm (2 by 2 by ⁄8-in.) steel angle shall
be bolted to the hinge edge of the door panel, and a removable steel strike plate shall be bolted to the frame at the lock position
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FIG. 8 Wall Support Fixture
of the door panel. The alternate lockset component test fixture shown in Figs. 10 and 11 may be used in lieu of the lockset
component test fixture shown. The use of steel plates and expendable wood blocks as shown in the drawing may be used on the
full size test fixture as described in 5.3 when testing lock and hinge components.
5.5 The test fixture for static bolt load tests (9.2) shall consist of a vertical panel fabricated from wood attached to a stable
horizontal base, as shown in Fig. 12. The top edge of the panel shall be parallel to the bottom surface of the base. The panel shall
be about 45 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) thick and the top edge shall be prepared to permit the lock set which is being tested to be mounted in
the panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6. Sampling
6.1 Specimens shall be representative and adequately identified for future reference. Complete manufacturer or fabricator
installation instructions and full-size templates for all items of hardware shall be included.
7. Mounting for Test
7.1 Swinging doors shall be mounted so as to open away from the working area, except when testing an out-swinging door
assembly.
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NOTE 1—All studs, plates, and headers are 2-by-4s.
NOTE 2—Nail sole plate and lower member of top plate to each stud with 2—16d end nails.
NOTE 3—Nail upper member of top plate to the lower member with 16d nails, one nail near each stud and two near each end.
NOTE 4—Nail the double studs together with 16d nails not more than 610 mm (24 in.) on centers.
NOTE 5—Nail the header (two 2-by-4s) to each full length stud with 4—16d end nails.
NOTE 6—Nail ⁄2-in. gypsum drywall to all supports with threaded drywall nails at 200 mm (8 in.) on centers.
NOTE 7—Security blocking may be necessary to achieve successful jamb stiffness test results. If blocking is used, it shall be reported in the test report.
The nature of the blocking shall be indicated.
FIG. 9 Door, Door Jamb, Hinge, and Lock-Strike Component Fixture
NOTE 1—The door panel consists of three pieces of plywood [610 mm (24 in.) square] bonded together (1 piece, 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick, between two
pieces, each 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) thick); or a glued block core door with premium or good grade hardwood veneer (NWMA I.S. 1-74).
NOTE 2—The door panel shall have a steel angle bolted to the hinge edge.
NOTE 3—The steel angle frame and panel edge shall be 51 by 51 by 3 mm (2 by 2 by ⁄8 in.) thick.
FIG. 10 Lockset Component Test Fixture
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FIG. 11 Alternate Lockset Component Test Fixture
NOTE 1—The wood block is nailed to the plywood base edge of block prepared for lock set. (The holes as shown are typical for key-in knob lock.)
FIG. 12 Static Bolt Load Test Fixture
7.2 Prepare doors and door jambs for the installation of locksets and hinges in conformance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for fastening the jamb to the support fixture described in 5.2.
7.3 Install components such as test doors, door jambs, hinges, and jamb/strikes in the component test fixture described in 5.3.
1 1
Except when testing hinges, hinge the door with 1 ⁄2 pairs of 115-mm (4 ⁄2-in.) steel butt hinges, and fix it in the closed-locked
position (at the normal lock point) with a real or simulated latch bolt having sufficient strength and stiffness to prevent it from
failing during test. In the absence of other construction specifications, make the clearances on the lock side, hinge side, and top
1 1
of the door 3.2 6 0.4 mm ( ⁄8 6 ⁄64 in.). Clearance at the threshold is not considered critical in these tests.
7.4 To test locksets as components, install them in the alternative component test fixture described in 5.4. Fix the test panel in the
closed locked position at the normal locking point. Hinge the test panel with two 115-mm (4 ⁄2-in.) steel butt hinges.
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7.5 To test lock sets for static bolt load, install them in the test fixture described in 5.5.
8. Procedure
8.1 One complete assembly shall be used to conduct the tests. Tests shall be given in the sequence of Sections 9 – 20. Tests under
Sections 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, if conducted in the test panel, shall not be repeated in the door assembly being tested. These
tests need not be repeated for successive tests of other door assemblies where the same lock model is being used.
9. Static Bolt Load Test
9.1 To test Type A and B locks and all door assembly locks, mount the lock in the test fixture described in 5.5. Lock the door lock
with the dead bolt or dead latch in the fully projected position. If the lock incorporates a dead-latch plunger, attach a 6.5-mm
( ⁄4-in.) spacer to the lock front. Allow the dead-latch plunger to project flush with the top of the spacer, and hold it in that position
with a piece of tape, or by another suitable means.
9.2 Place the lock, in the test fixture, in a compression testing machine, or mount it on a firm, level surface with the compression
loading device directly above it with the loading face parallel to the lock front, and the axis of the hydraulic ram perpendicular
to the lock front. Apply an increasing compressive load to the end of the latch bolt or the dead bolt. Note the maximum force
required to depress the latch bolt or the dead bolt to where the farthest point on the bolt is 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the lock front surface.
9.3 To test for bolt projection, apply end pressure to the projected dead bolt or dead latch and measure the distance from the lock
front surface to the farthest point on the bolt or latch at the center line.
9.3.1 Following the test of a lock incorporating a dead latch, place the strike plate provided with the lock over the latch of a dead
latch to determine whether it is possible for both the dead latch and the dead plunger to enter the hold in the strike simultaneously.
10. Jamb Stiffness Test
10.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3. Position the jamb spreading device (4.4.5) between the door jambs, at lock
height. Apply increasing force as required and measure the space between the lock front and strike.
10.2 While the required load is being applied, or the lock front-to-strike distance is increased, push or pull on the door to determine
whether the dead bolt or dead latch is engaged with the strike.
11. Knob Impact Test
11.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Position the
vertical impactor (4.4) so that the pendulum arm is horizontal when the striking weight contacts the top of the door knob, and its
center of gravity is in the vertical center-line through the knob. Raise the weight to the height necessary to deliver the required
impact and release it. Deliver the required number of impacts to the knob. After each impact, attempt to open the door or test panel
by turning the knob. If the knob is broken off, manipulate the exposed lock mechanism by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver.
11.2 With the door or test panel open, and the dead bolt or dead latch in the projected, locked position, attempt to (a) depress the
dead bolt by applying hand pressure to its end or (b) depress the latch and dead-latch plunger fully, allow the latch to extend, then
slowly allow the plunger to project until the last point of dead locking is reached.
12. Cylinder-Core Tension Test
12.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Drill a hole
in the cylinder core using a No. 21 drill, adjacent to the keyway to a minimum depth of 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.). Tap this hole with a 10-32
thread. Attach the tensile loading device (4.4.3) to a rigid load-bearing support in front of the cylinder, and align the pulling axis
with that of the hole in the cylinder. Attach the pulling adapter to the cylinder with a 10-32 hardened cap screw fully threaded into
the tapped hole. Connect the cylinder tensile loading device to the adapter, and apply the required tensile force to the cylinder.
Following this test, release the load and attempt to open the door or test panel by manipulating an exposed lock mechanism by
hand or with the aid of a screwdriver. If the core or cylinder is not damaged, open the door, and test the dead latch or dead bolt
for end pressure resistance as in 11.2.
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13. Cylinder-Body Tension Test
13.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Drill a hole
in the cylinder body using a No. 3 drill, near the center of the cylinder face, to a minimum depth of 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.). If the lock
is constructed such that only the cylinder core is exposed, drill through the material covering the face of the cylinder body, into
the cylinder. Tap this hole with a ⁄4-28 thread. Attach the cylinder tensile loading device (4.4.3) to a rigid load-bearing support
in front of the cylinder, and align the pulling axis with that of the hole in the cylinder. Attach the pulling adapter to the cylinder
with a ⁄4-28 hardened cap screw fully threaded into the tapped hole, or other appropriate devices. Connect the cylinder pulling
device to the adapter, and apply the required tensile force to the cylinder. Following this test, release the load and attempt to open
the door or test panel by manipulating an exposed lock mechanism by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver. If the cylinder is not
damaged, open the door, and test the dead latch or dead bolt for end pressure resistance as in 11.2.
14. Knob Torque Test
14.1 Prepare the specimen test in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Attach the
torque-loading adapter to the knob and connect the torque applicator to it (4.4.2). Alternately subject the knob to the required torque
in both the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, applying the torque as rapidly as possible. Inspect the lock to determine
whether the bolt is retracted from the strike when the torque is applied. If the knob is broken off, attempt to open the door or test
panel by manipulating the lock mechanism by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver. If the knob is not broken off, test the dead
bolt or dead latch for end pressure resistance as in 11.2.
15. Cylinder Torque Test
15.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Attach the torque
loading adapter to the cylinder and connect the torque applicator to it (4.4.2). Alternatively subject the cylinder to the required
torque in both the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, applying the torque as rapidly as possible. Inspect the lock when
the torque is applied to determine whether the bolt is withdrawn from the strike. If the cylinder is loose, attempt to open the door
or test panel by manipulating the lock mechanism by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver. If the cylinder is not damaged, test
the dead bolt or dead latch for end pressure resistance as in 11.2.
16. Cylinder Impact Test
7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Position the
16.1 Prepare the test specime
...