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81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics

ICS 81.060.99 Details

Other standards related to ceramics

Weitere Aspekte der Keramikindustrie

Autres normes relatives aux ceramiques

Drugi standardi v zvezi s keramiko

General Information

Parent
81.060 - Ceramics

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 81.060.99 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Other standards related to ceramics". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 148 standards classified under ICS 81.060.99 (Other standards related to ceramics). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ASTM
ASTM C1211-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. This test method is intended to be used with ceramics whose flexural strength is ∼50 MPa (∼7 ksi) or greater.  
4.2 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory, with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. The average grain size should be no greater than 1/50 of the beam thickness. The homogeneity and isotropy assumptions in the test method rule out the use of it for continuous fiber-reinforced composites for which Test Method C1341 is more appropriate.  
4.3 The flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the testing rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen and fixture sizes were chosen to provide a balance between the practical configurations and resulting errors as discussed in Test Method C1161, and Refs (1-3).4 Specific fixture and specimen configurations were designated in order to permit the ready comparison of data without the need for Weibull size scaling.  
4.4 The flexural strength of a ceramic material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this test method, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Ref (4) and Practices C1322 and C1239.  
4.5 This method determines the flexural strength at elevated temperature and ambient environmental conditions at a nominal, moderately fast testing rate. The flexural strength under these conditions may or may not necessarily be the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures.2 Four-point-1/4-point and three-point loadings with prescribed spans are the standard as shown in Fig. 1. Rectangular specimens of prescribed cross-section are used with specified features in prescribed specimen-fixture combinations. Test specimens may be 3 by 4 by 45 to 50 mm in size that are tested on 40-mm outer span four-point or three-point fixtures. Alternatively, test specimens and fixture spans half or twice these sizes may be used. The test method permits testing of machined or as-fired test specimens. Several options for machining preparation are included: application matched machining, customary procedures, or a specified standard procedure. This test method describes the apparatus, specimen requirements, test procedure, calculations, and reporting requirements. The test method is applicable to monolithic or particulate- or whisker-reinforced ceramics. It may also be used for glasses. It is not applicable to continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1292-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites can be candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance, and damage tolerance at high temperatures.  
5.2 Shear tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under shear stresses.  
5.3 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.  
5.4 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized shear test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for given primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear strength of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) at ambient temperature. The test methods addressed are (1) the compression of a double-notched test specimen to determine interlaminar shear strength, and (2) the Iosipescu test method to determine the shear strength in any one of the material planes of laminated composites. Test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (load or displacement control), testing rates (load rate or displacement rate), data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.  
1.2 This test method is used for testing advanced ceramic or glass matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement having unidirectional (1D) or bidirectional (2D) fiber architecture. This test method does not address composites with 3D fiber architecture or discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.1 and 8.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1259-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for material development, characterization, design data generation, and quality control purposes.  
5.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for determining the modulus of advanced ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1).4  
5.3 This test method addresses the room temperature determination of dynamic moduli of elasticity of slender bars (rectangular cross section) and rods (cylindrical). Flat plates and discs may also be measured similarly, but the required equations for determining the moduli are not addressed herein.  
5.4 This dynamic test method has several advantages and differences from static loading techniques and from resonant techniques requiring continuous excitation.  
5.4.1 The test method is nondestructive in nature and can be used for specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens are subjected to minute strains; hence, the moduli are measured at or near the origin of the stress-strain curve, with the minimum possibility of fracture.  
5.4.2 The impulse excitation test uses an impact tool and simple supports for the test specimen. There is no requirement for complex support systems that require elaborate setup or alignment.  
5.5 This technique can be used to measure resonant frequencies alone for the purposes of quality control and acceptance of test specimens of both regular and complex shapes. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Deviations in specimen dimensions or mass and internal flaws (cracks, delaminations, inhomogeneities, porosity, etc.) will change the resonant frequency for that specimen. Any specimen with a resonant frequency falling outside the prescribed frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass and in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc geometry) test specimen of that material can be measured. The resonant frequencies in flexure and torsion are measured by excitation of vibrations of the test specimen in a supported mode by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool (Section 4 and Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4). Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus  
1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this test method can also be performed at cryogenic and high temperatures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal expansion, in accordance with Subsections 9.2, 9.3, and 10.4 of Test Method C1198.  
1.3 There are material-specific ASTM standards that cover the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic properties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse excitation of vibration. Test Methods C215, C623, C747, C848, C1198, E1875, and E1876 may differ from this test method in several areas (for example, sample size, dimensional tolerances, sample preparation, calculation details, etc.). The testing of those materials should be done in compliance with the appropriate material-specific standards. Where possible, the pro...

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ASTM
ASTM C1466-00(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted From Ceramic Foodware

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Toxic effects of lead and cadmium are well known and release of these elements from foodware is regulated by many countries. Regulatory decisions are based on results of 24-h leaching with acetic acid because results of this test method are precise and accurate and this test method is easy to use. Concentrations of lead and cadmium extracted by food may be different from results of this method, however, because acidity, contact time, and temperature typical of consumer use are different from those of this test method.  
5.2 This test method is intended for application only in contamination-free settings and should be performed by well-qualified technical personnel. It is recognized that it is not a practical or appropriate method to use in a nonlaboratory environment for quality assurance and control of the ceramic process. Users are advised to use Test Method C738 (flame AAS) for purposes of the latter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to quantitatively determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid at room temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware. The method is applicable to food-contact surfaces composed of silicate-based materials (earthenware, glazed ceramicware, decorated ceramicware, decorated glass, and lead crystal glass) and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than 0.005 to 0.020 μg/mL and cadmium concentrations greater than 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/mL, depending on instrument design.  
1.2 This test method also describes quality control procedures to check for contamination and matrix interference during GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analytical measurements that demonstrates proper instrument operation during the time period in which sample solutions are analyzed.  
1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control procedures are described in this test method. Users may modify contamination control procedures provided that the modifications produce acceptable results and are used for both sample and quality control analyses.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1274-12(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Advanced Ceramic Specific Surface Area by Physical Adsorption

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Advanced ceramic powders and porous ceramic bodies often have a very fine particulate morphology and structure that are marked by high surface-to-volume (S-V) ratios. These ceramics with high S-V ratios commonly exhibit enhanced chemical reactivity and lower sintering temperatures. Results of many intermediate and final ceramic processing steps are controlled by, or related to, the specific surface area of the advanced ceramic. The functionality of ceramic adsorbents, separation filters and membranes, catalysts, chromatographic carriers, coatings, and pigments often depends on the amount and distribution of the porosity and its resulting effect on the specific surface area.  
5.2 This test method determines the specific surface area of advanced ceramic powders and porous bodies. Both suppliers and users of advanced ceramics can use knowledge of the surface area of these ceramics for material development and comparison, product characterization, design data, quality control, and engineering/ production specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the surface area of advanced ceramic materials (in a solid form) based on multilayer physisorption of gas in accordance with the method of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) (1)2 and based on IUPAC Recommendations (1984 and 1994) (2, 3). This test method specifies general procedures that are applicable to many commercial physical adsorption instruments. This test method provides specific sample outgassing procedures for selected common ceramic materials, including: amorphous and crystalline silicas, TiO2, kaolin, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, etc. The multipoint BET (1) equation along with the single-point approximation of the BET equation are the basis for all calculations. This test method is appropriate for measuring surface areas of advanced ceramic powders down to at least 0.05 m2 (if in addition to nitrogen, krypton at 77.35 K is utilized as an adsorptive).  
1.2 This test method does not include all existing procedures appropriate for outgassing of advanced ceramic materials. However, it provides a comprehensive summary of procedures recommended in the literature for selected types of ceramic materials. The investigator shall determine the appropriateness of listed procedures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units. In this case, provide both reported and equivalent SI units in the final written report. It is commonly accepted and customary (in physical adsorption and related fields) to report the (specific) surface area of solids as m2/g and, as a convention, many instruments (as well as certificates of reference materials) report surface area as m2 g–1, instead of using SI units (m2 kg–1).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1239-13(2018)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Advanced ceramics usually display a linear stress-strain behavior to failure. Lack of ductility combined with flaws that have various sizes and orientations leads to scatter in failure strength. Strength is not a deterministic property, but instead reflects an intrinsic fracture toughness and a distribution (size and orientation) of flaws present in the material. This practice is applicable to brittle monolithic ceramics that fail as a result of catastrophic propagation of flaws present in the material. This practice is also applicable to composite ceramics that do not exhibit any appreciable bilinear or nonlinear deformation behavior. In addition, the composite must contain a sufficient quantity of uniformly distributed reinforcements such that the material is effectively homogeneous. Whisker-toughened ceramic composites may be representative of this type of material.  
5.2 Two- and three-parameter formulations exist for the Weibull distribution. This practice is restricted to the two-parameter formulation. An objective of this practice is to obtain point estimates of the unknown parameters by using well-defined functions that incorporate the failure data. These functions are referred to as “estimators.” It is desirable that an estimator be consistent and efficient. In addition, the estimator should produce unique, unbiased estimates of the distribution parameters (6). Different types of estimators exist, including moment estimators, least-squares estimators, and maximum likelihood estimators. This practice details the use of maximum likelihood estimators due to the efficiency and the ease of application when censored failure populations are encountered.  
5.3 Tensile and flexural test specimens are the most commonly used test configurations for advanced ceramics. The observed strength values are dependent on test specimen size and geometry. Parameter estimates can be computed for a given test specimen geometry ( m^, ^σθ), but it is suggested that the paramet...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation and reporting of uniaxial strength data and the estimation of Weibull probability distribution parameters for advanced ceramics that fail in a brittle fashion (see Fig. 1). The estimated Weibull distribution parameters are used for statistical comparison of the relative quality of two or more test data sets and for the prediction of the probability of failure (or, alternatively, the fracture strength) for a structure of interest. In addition, this practice encourages the integration of mechanical property data and fractographic analysis.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard per IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1273-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.  
4.2 High-strength, monolithic advanced ceramic materials generally characterized by small grain sizes (  
4.3 Although the volume or surface area of material subjected to a uniform tensile stress for a single uniaxially loaded tensile test may be several times that of a single flexure test specimen, the need to test a statistically significant number of tensile test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, because of the probabilistic strength distributions of brittle materials such as advanced ceramics, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and eventual design, with guidelines for sufficient numbers provided in this test method. Note that size-scaling effects as discussed in Practice C1239 will affect the strength values. Therefore, strengths obtained using different recommended tensile test specimens with different volumes or surface areas of material in the gage sections will be different due to these size differences. Resulting strength values can be scaled to an effective volume or surface area of unity as discussed in Practice C1239.  
4.4 Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of testing mode, testing rate, processing or alloying effects, or environmental influences. These effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth, which can be minimized by testing at appropriately rapid rates as outlined in this test method.  
4.5 The results of tensile tests of test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions, or both, of a part may not totally represent the strength and deforma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendixes. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Note that tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial loading.  
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and application of this practice to these materials is not recommended.  
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guid...

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ASTM
ASTM C1275-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.  
4.2 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites generally characterized by fine grain-sized (  
4.3 Unlike monolithic advanced ceramics which fracture catastrophically from a single dominant flaw, CFCCs generally experience “graceful” fracture from a cumulative damage process. Therefore, the volume of material subjected to a uniform tensile stress for a single uniaxially loaded tensile test may not be as significant a factor in determining the ultimate strengths of CFCCs. However, the need to test a statistically significant number of tensile test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, because of the probabilistic nature of the strength distributions of the brittle matrices of CFCCs, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and design. Studies to determine the exact influence of test specimen volume on strength distributions for CFCCs have not been completed. It should be noted that tensile strengths obtained using different recommended tensile specimens with different volumes of material in the gage sections may be different due to these volume differences.  
4.4 Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, matrix cracking, matrix/fiber debonding, fiber fracture, delamination, etc.) which may be influenced by testing mode, testing rate, processing or alloying effects, or environmental influences. Some of these effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth that can be minimized by testing at sufficiently rapid rates as outlined in this test method.  
4.5 The results of tensile t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile behavior including tensile strength and stress-strain response under monotonic uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at ambient temperature. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Note that tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.  
1.2 This test method applies primarily to all advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (3D). In addition, this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1D, 2D, and 3D continuous fiber reinforcement. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.  
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and 8.2.5.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance...

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ASTM
ASTM C1291-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Strain, Creep Strain Rate, and Creep Time to Failure for Monolithic Advanced Ceramics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation under force at a given temperature, and, by implication, the force-carrying capability of the material for limited deformations. Creep rupture tests, properly interpreted, provide a measure of the force-carrying capability of the material as a function of time and temperature. The two tests complement each other in defining the force-carrying capability of a material for a given period of time. In selecting materials and designing parts for service at elevated temperatures, the type of test data used will depend on the criteria for force-carrying capability that best defines the service usefulness of the material.  
4.2 This test method may be used for material development, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.  
4.3 High-strength, monolithic ceramic materials, generally characterized by small grain sizes (  
4.4 Data obtained for design and predictive purposes shall be obtained using any appropriate combination of test methods that provide the most relevant information for the applications being considered. It is noted here that ceramic materials tend to creep more rapidly in tension than in compression (1-3).4 This difference results in time-dependent changes in the stress distribution and the position of the neutral axis when tests are conducted in flexure. As a consequence, deconvolution of flexural creep data to obtain the constitutive equations needed for design cannot be achieved without some degree of uncertainty concerning the form of the creep equations, and the magnitude of the creep rate in tension vis-a-vis the creep rate in compression. Therefore, creep data for design and life prediction shall be obtained in both tension and compression, as well as the expected service stress state.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile creep strain, creep strain rate, and creep time to failure for advanced monolithic ceramics at elevated temperatures, typically between 1073 and 2073 K. A variety of test specimen geometries are included. The creep strain at a fixed temperature is evaluated from direct measurements of the gage length extension over the time of the test. The minimum creep strain rate, which may be invariant with time, is evaluated as a function of temperature and applied stress. Creep time to failure is also included in this test method.  
1.2 This test method is for use with advanced ceramics that behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic ceramics, whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as low-volume-fraction discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials, and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.  
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1337-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Creep and Creep Rupture of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics Under Tensile Loading at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.  
4.2 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites are candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance and toughness at high temperatures.  
4.3 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load at a given temperature. Creep rupture tests provide a measure of the life of the material when subjected to constant mechanical loading at elevated temperatures. In selecting materials and designing parts for service at elevated temperatures, the type of test data used will depend on the criteria for load-carrying capability which best defines the service usefulness of the material.  
4.4 Creep and creep rupture tests provide information on the time-dependent deformation and on the time-of-failure of materials subjected to uniaxial tensile stresses at elevated temperatures. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, matrix cracking, matrix/fiber debonding, fiber fracture, delamination, etc.) which may be influenced by test mode, test rate, processing or alloying effects, environmental influences, or elevated temperatures. Some of these effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth. It is noted that ceramic materials typically creep more rapidly in tension than in compression. Therefore, creep data for design and life prediction should be obtained in both tension and compression.  
4.5 The results of tensile creep and tensile creep rupture tests of specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not totally represent the creep deformation and creep rupture properties of the entire, full-size end p...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-dependent deformation and time-to-rupture of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites under constant tensile loading at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, allowable bending, temperature measurements, temperature control, data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.  
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with all advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: unidirectional (1-D), bidirectional (2-D), and tridirectional (3-D). In addition, this test method may also be used with glass matrix composites with 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D continuous fiber reinforcement. This test method does not address directly discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.  
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Hazard statements are noted in 7.1 and 7.2.

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CEN
EN 820-2:2003(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of testing monolithic ceramics - Thermo-mechanical properties - Part 2: Determination of self-loaded deformation
SIST EN 820-2:2004

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the temperature at which the self-loaded deformation of a ceramic test piece commences and the extent of this deformation.

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CEN
EN 658-1:1998(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at room temperature - Part 1: Determination of tensile properties
SIST EN 658-1:2000

This part of EN 658 specifies the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at ambient temperature. This standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2

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SIST
oSIST prEN ISO 52957:2025(Main)
Additive manufacturing of ceramics - Design - Design guidelines (ISO/ASTM DIS 52957:2025)
prEN ISO/ASTM 52957

This document specifies ceramic part properties, design freedom, strengths and applications of additively manufactured parts made of ceramic materials. It aims at product planners and designers and provides the necessary basic knowledge about ceramic parts and the possibilities specific to additively manufactured ceramics, including strengths and limitations of the most commonly utilized ceramic additive manufacturing methods. In-depth previous knowledge in these areas is not assumed.

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    28 pages
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CEN
EN 12923-1:2006(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Part 1: General practice for undertaking corrosion tests
SIST EN 12923-1:2007

This part of EN 12923 specifies guidelines to be employed when undertaking corrosion tests on advanced technical ceramics. The mechanisms of chemical attack on advanced ceramics are widely varied and depend on the chemical and phase composition and the phase morphology of the material, as well as the corrosive conditions imposed. For any particular engineering application it is usually necessary to model expected conditions of use in order to obtain quantitative data on the ability to withstand the proposed end-use conditions.
This European Standard is not restricted to specific material types, nor does it prescribe particular test conditions or a test duration. The actual testing requirements might be very specific, for example, in order to investigate the suitability of a range of materials for a given application in which certain specified conditions occur. This European Standard provides recommended methods for undertaking the assessment of the effect of corrosion and provides guidance on practical issues related to undertaking the tests.

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    19 pages
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CEN
EN 725-11:2006(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 11: Determination of densification on natural sintering
SIST EN 725-11:2007

This Part of EN 725 describes a method for determining the densification of ceramic powders on natural sintering, without the application of any external pressure. The method is applicable to pure oxides, mixtures of oxides and solid solutions. Inorganic sintering additives may be used where their presence is reported.

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    7 pages
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CEN
EN 12788:2005(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of flexural strength
SIST EN 12788:2005

TThis document specifies the conditions for determination of the flexural strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement under three-point or four-point bending for temperatures up to 2 000 °C under vacuum or a gas atmosphere which is inert to the material under test.
NOTE 1   The use of these environments is aimed at avoiding changes of the material affecting its flexural strength caused by chemical reaction with its environment during the test.
This European document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x £ 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.
NOTE 2   The method outlined in this document should not be used to obtain values of flexural strength for design purposes.

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    12 pages
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CEN
EN 725-12:2001(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 12: Chemical analysis of zirconia
SIST EN 725-12:2002

This part of EN 725 specifies methods for the determination of the levels of silicon, aluminium, titanium, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, yttrium, hafnium, cerium and strontium using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP - AES).  These methods are applicable to the concentration ranges given in clause 3, expressed as oxides.

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    20 pages
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CEN
EN 821-2:1997(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Thermo-physical properties - Part 2: Determination of thermal diffusivity by the laser flash (or heat pulse) method
SIST EN 821-2:2000

This part of EN 821 describes a method for the determination of thermal diffusivity of advanced monolithic technical ceramics, to an accuracy of approximately +/- 5%. It is suitable for the measurement of thermal diffusivity values in the range 0.1 mm2/s to 1000 mm2/s at temperatures greater than -180°C.

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    27 pages
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CEN
EN 821-1:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Thermo-physical properties - Part 1: Determination of thermal expansion
SIST EN 821-1:2000

This part of EN 821 desribes the method for the determination of the linear thermal expansion characteristics of advanced monolithic technical ceramics up to a maximum temperature of 1500°C and to a specified level of accuracy A or B as defined in table 1. The method describes general principles of construction, calibration and operation of suitable apparatus. Specific details, including test piece dimensions, depend on the design of the apparatus. Methods of calibration are given in annexes A and B. Thermal expansion reference data are given in annex C.

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    23 pages
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CEN
EN 623-2:1993(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 2: Determination of density and porosity
SIST EN 623-2:2000

This part of EN 623 describes methods for determination of the bulk desnsity, apparent porosity of advanced technical ceramics.
Two methods are described and are designated as Methods 1 and 2, as follows :
Method 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent solid density and apparent porosity by the evacuation method.
Method 2: Determination of bulk density only, by measurement of dimensions and mass.

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    14 pages
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ASTM
ASTM C1175-99a(2010)(Guide)
Standard Guide to Test Methods and Standards for Nondestructive Testing of Advanced Ceramics (Withdrawn 2018)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is a compilation of standards intended to provide assistance in selecting appropriate nondestructive examination for advanced ceramics, and in turn, to provide guidance for performing the examination, as well as ensuring the proper performance of the equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies and describes standard procedures and methods for nondestructive testing of advanced ceramics using radiology, ultrasonics, liquid penetrants, and acoustic emission.
1.2 This guide identifies existing standards for nondestructive testing that have been determined to be (or have been modified to be) applicable to the examination of advanced ceramics. These standards have been generated by, and are under the jurisdiction of, ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing. Selection and application of these standards to be followed must be governed by experience and the specific requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between producer and user.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide identified and described standard procedures and methods for nondestructive testing of advanced ceramics using radiology, ultrasonics, liquid penetrants, and acoustic emission.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics, this guide was withdrawn in October 2018. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

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    14 pages
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ASTM
ASTM C1282-08(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Advanced Ceramics by Centrifugal Photosedimentation (Withdrawn 2014)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Manufacturers and users of advanced ceramic powders will find this test method useful for determining the particle size distribution of these materials for product specification, quality control, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the particle size distribution of advanced ceramic powders specifically silicon nitride and carbides, in the range of 0.1 to 20 μm, having a median particle diameter from 0.5 to 5.0 μm.
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be applied successfully to other ceramic powders in this general size range, provided that appropriate dispersion procedures are developed. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the applicability of this test method to other materials.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of the particle size distribution of advanced ceramic powders, specifically silicon nitride and carbides, in the range of 0.1 to 20 μm, having a median particle diameter from 0.5 to 5.0 μm.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics, this test method was withdrawn in January 2014. This standard has been withdrawn without replacement because the described technology/instrumentation (centrifugal particle size distribution analyzer) is no longer available and has been replaced during the last decade by more advanced technologies for determining particle size distributions of advanced ceramics.

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    3 pages
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CEN
ENV 12212:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Unified method for classification
SIST ENV 12212:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): ENV ++ Waiting for D version. ++ Since its approval by the TC (Cf res 1/1992  92-12) the same document has been ++ published by iso as ISO/TTA 1 in collaboration with VAMAS.

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    74 pages
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CEN
ENV 725-2:1994(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 2: Determination of impurities in barium titanate
SIST ENV 725-2:2000
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    7 pages
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CEN
EN 725-10:1997(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 10: Determination of compaction properties
SIST EN 725-10:2000

This part of EN 725 describes for the determination of the extent to which a ceramic powder is compacted, when subjected to uniaxial compressive loading in a confining die, under specified conditions

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    11 pages
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CEN
EN 725-1:1997(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 1: Determination of impurities in alumina
SIST EN 725-1:2000

This part of EN 725 specifies methods for the determination of elements of sodium, potassium, iron, silicon, calcium and magnesium present as impurities in alumina using atomic absorption (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instruments. For each element present as impurities, the methods are applicable to the following ranges, calculated as oxides: Sodium oxide: 20 ppm to 6000 ppm;Potassium oxide: 20 ppm to 100 ppm; Ferric oxide: 20 ppm to 300 ppm; Silica: 50 ppm to 2000 ppm; Calcium oxide: 20 ppm to 700 ppm; Magnesium oxide: 5 ppm to 1000 ppm.

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    12 pages
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CEN
ENV 1071-5:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 5: Determination of porosity
SIST ENV 1071-5:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV ++ Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199212, REAL53=199306

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    9 pages
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CEN
ENV 13233:1998(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Notations and symbols
SIST ENV 13233:2000

This ENVXXXX defines ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous reinforcements. This pre-standard specifies the notations to be used for the mutually perpendicular directions 1,2,3 of ceramic matrix composites. It sets the rules for writing the symbols and the quantities which characterise the mechanical and thermal properties of these materials. This pre-standard assumes that definitions given in ISO 31-3 and ISO 31-4 are already known. This pre-standard explains how test specimens shall be taken from the material.

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    16 pages
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CEN
EN 725-3:1994(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 3: Determination of the oxygen content of non-oxides by thermal extraction with a carrier gas
SIST EN 725-3:2000

This part of EN 725 describes a method for the determination of the oxygen content of non-oxide powders used for technical ceramics, using a hot carrier gas thermal extraction method.

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    7 pages
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CEN
EN 725-5:1996(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 5: Determination of the particle size distribution
SIST EN 725-5:2000

This part of EN 725 describes the preparation of suspensions and calibration of apparatus, prior to the measurement of particle size distribution of powders used for advanced technical ceramics. The preparation is appropriate for measurements either by the sedimentation method, with the detection of X-ray absorption, or the laser light scattering method.

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    16 pages
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CEN
ENV 12923-1:1997(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Part 1: General practice for undertaking corrosion tests
SIST ENV 12923-1:2000

This part of ENV 12923 describes general procedures to be employed when undertaking corrosion tests on advanced technical ceramics. The mechanisms of chemical attack on advanced ceramics are widely varied, and depend on the chemical and phase composition and the phase morphology of the material, as well as the corrosive conditions imposed. For any particular engineering application it is usually necessary to model expected conditions of use in order to obtain quantitative data on ability to withstand the proposed end-use conditions.

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    16 pages
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CEN
ENV 843-2:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Mechanical properties at room temperature - Part 2: Determination of elastic moduli
SIST ENV 843-2:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV ++ Waiting for D version.

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    26 pages
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CEN
EN 843-1:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Mechanical properties at room temperature - Part 1: Determination of flexural strength
SIST EN 843-1:2000

This part of EN 843 describes methods for determining the nominal flexural strength of advanced monolithic technical ceramic materials at ambient temperature. The available loading geometries are three- and four-point flexure,using rectangular section test-pieces of two prescribed geometries: 20 mm support span (A) and 40 mm support span (B). The test prescribes four categoriesof surface finish applied to the test-pieces.

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    20 pages
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CEN
ENV 13234:1998(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Mechanical properties at ambient temperature - Evaluation of the resistance to crack propagation by the notch sensitivity testing
SIST ENV 13234:2000

This ENV presents a method to classify the ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials with respect to their sensitivity to crack propagation by using  tensile tests on notched specimens having different notch depths.   Two classes of ceramic matrix composite materials can be distinguished: the materials for which the strength is insensitive and those for which the strength is affected by the presence of notches. For sensitive materials, this ENV allows the determination of an equivalent fracture toughness.

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    15 pages
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CEN
ENV 13235:1998(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of creep behaviour
SIST ENV 13235:2000

This European pre-standard ENV... specifies the conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2000°C under vacuum or a gas atmosphere which is inert to the material under test. The use of these environments is aimed at avoiding changes of the material to be tested due to chemical reaction with its environment during the test.

  • Standardization document
    14 pages
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CEN
ENV 725-11:1993(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 11: Determination of the densification on natural sintering
SIST ENV 725-11:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): 2-Year ENQ ++ Realized dates for the ENV: REAL41 = 1992-12; REAL53 = 1992-12 (CC/970919)

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    7 pages
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CEN
ENV 725-4:1994(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 4: Determination of oxygen content in aluminium nitride by XRF analysis
SIST ENV 725-4:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199212, REAL53=199212.

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    9 pages
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CEN
EN 623-1:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests
SIST EN 623-1:2000

This part of EN 623 describes qualitative methods for determination of the presence of defects in advanced monolithic technical ceramics by dye penetration tests. The results are reported as visual observations of dye penetration.

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    9 pages
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CEN
EN 725-8:1997(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 8: Determination of tapped bulk density
SIST EN 725-8:2000

This part of EN 725 describes a method for the determination of the tapped bulk density of ceramic powders.

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    7 pages
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CEN
EN 725-9:1997(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 9: Determination of untamped bulk density
SIST EN 725-9:2000

This part of EN 725 describes a method for the determination of the untamped bulk density of ceramic powders.

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    7 pages
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CEN
ENV 1071-4:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 4: Determination of chemical composition
SIST ENV 1071-4:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV

  • Standardization document
    33 pages
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CEN
EN 725-6:1996(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 6: Determination of the specific surface area
SIST EN 725-6:2000

This Standard describes a method for the determination of the specific surface area of powders used for technical ceramics, by a nitrogen absorption, single-point method. The method is limited to the measurement of surface areas of over 1 m2/g.

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    19 pages
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CEN
EN 725-7:1995(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic powders - Part 7: Determination of the absolute density
SIST EN 725-7:2000

This standard describes a method for the determination of the absolute density, by liquid pyknometry, of powders for use as raw materials in the preparation of advanced technical ceramics.

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    11 pages
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CEN
ENV 12788:1998(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of flexural strength
SIST ENV 12788:2000

This European Prestandard ENV XXX specifies the conditions for determination of the flexural strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement under three-point or four-point bending for temperatures up to 2000 °C under vacuum or a gas atmosphere which is inert to the material under test. This Prestandard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2

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    11 pages
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CEN
ENV 1071-3:1994(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 3: Determination of adhesion by a scratch test
SIST ENV 1071-3:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV

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    14 pages
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CEN
ENV 12289:1996(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at ambient temperature - Determination of in-plane shear properties
SIST ENV 12289:2000

This ENV... specifies the conditions for the determination of the in-plane shear properties at ambient temperature of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement. This Pre-standard applies to ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, bidirectionnal (2D) and tridirectionnal (xD, 2 < x <= 3).

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    16 pages
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CEN
ENV 12290:1996(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of compression properties
SIST ENV 12290:2000

This ENV... specifies the conditions for determination of compressive properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2000°C under vacuum or a gas atmosphere which is inert to the material under test.

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    20 pages
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CEN
ENV 843-3:1996(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Mechanical properties at room temperature - Part 3: Determination of subcritical crack growth parameters from constant stressing rate flexural strength tests
SIST ENV 843-3:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV ++ Waiting for D version.

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    16 pages
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CEN
ENV 843-4:1994(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Mechanical properties at room temperature - Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell Superficial hardness tests
SIST ENV 843-4:2000

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV ++ Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199212, REAL53=199212.

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    17 pages
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CEN
ENV 1892:1996(Main)
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of tensile properties
SIST ENV 1892:2000

This part of ENV is to specify the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C under vacuum or a gas atmosphere which is inert to the material under test. Note: The use of these environments is aimed at avoiding changes of the material to be tested due to chemical reaction with its environment during the test.

  • Standardization document
    19 pages
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