81.060.01 - Ceramics in general
ICS 81.060.01 Details
Ceramics in general
Keramik im allgemeinen
Ceramiques en general
Keramika na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 81.060.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Ceramics in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 30 standards classified under ICS 81.060.01 (Ceramics in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test system has advantages in certain respects over the use of static loading systems in the measurement of glass and glass-ceramics:
4.1.1 Only minute stresses are applied to the specimen, thus minimizing the possibility of fracture.
4.1.2 The period of time during which stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds, making it feasible to perform measurements at temperatures where delayed elastic and creep effects proceed on a much-shortened time scale, as in the transformation range of glass, for instance.
4.2 The test is suitable for detecting whether a material meets specifications, if cognizance is given to one important fact: glass and glass-ceramic materials are sensitive to thermal history. Therefore the thermal history of a test specimen must be known before the moduli can be considered in terms of specified values. Material specifications should include a specific thermal treatment for all test specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic properties of glass and glass-ceramic materials. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonance frequencies which are defined by the elastic moduli, density, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore the elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, density, and mechanical resonance frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Young's modulus is determined using the resonance frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonance vibrations. Young's modulus and shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio, the factor of lateral contraction.
1.2 All glass and glass-ceramic materials that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic may be tested by this test method.2 The test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that represent inhomogeneities in the material; neither is it satisfactory when these materials cannot be prepared in a suitable geometry. Non-glass and glass-ceramic materials should reference Test Method E1875 for non-material specific methodology to determine resonance frequencies and elastic properties by sonic resonance.
Note 1: Elastic here means that an application of stress within the elastic limit of that material making up the body being stressed will cause an instantaneous and uniform deformation, which will cease upon removal of the stress, with the body returning instantly to its original size and shape without an energy loss. Glass and glass-ceramic materials conform to this definition well enough that this test is meaningful.
Note 2: Isotropic means that the elastic properties are the same in all directions in the material. Glass is isotropic and glass-ceramics are usually so on a macroscopic scale, because of random distribution and orientation of crystallites.
1.3 A cryogenic cabinet and high-temperature furnace are described for measuring the elastic moduli as a function of temperature from –195 to 1200 °C.
1.4 Modification of the test for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonance frequencies is determined for a piece with a particular geometry and density. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each piece need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonance frequency that the piece must possess if its geometry and density are within specified tolerances.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices...
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.
3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:
Section
Test Method
Related
Standard(s)
6
Compressive Strength
C773
13
Dielectric Strength
D618, D149
8
Elastic Properties
C623
15
Electrical Resistivity
D618, D257, D1829
7
Flexural Strength
C674, F417
9
Hardness
C730, E18
5
Porosity
C373
14
Relative Permittivity and Dissipation
Factor
D150, D2149, D2520
4
Specific Gravity
C20, C329, F77
10
Thermal Conductivity
C177, C408
12
Thermal Expansion
C539, E288
11
Thermal Shock Resistance
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 14719:2011 specifies a spectral photometric method with 1,10-phenanthroline for the quantitative determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in oxidic raw and basic materials for ceramics, glass and glazes, e.g. feldspar, kaolinites, clay, limestone, quartz refractory materials. ISO 14719:2011 could be extended to other aluminosilicate materials, providing that uncertainty data is produced to support it. However, there might be problems in the decomposition of high-purity alumina and chrome ore samples.
The method is not suitable for reduced materials, such as silicon carbide, graphite-magnesia, etc.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 14719:2011 specifies a spectral photometric method with 1,10-phenanthroline for the quantitative determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in oxidic raw and basic materials for ceramics, glass and glazes, e.g. feldspar, kaolinites, clay, limestone, quartz refractory materials. ISO 14719:2011 could be extended to other aluminosilicate materials, providing that uncertainty data is produced to support it. However, there might be problems in the decomposition of high-purity alumina and chrome ore samples. The method is not suitable for reduced materials, such as silicon carbide, graphite-magnesia, etc.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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ISO 21078-1:2008 specifies methods of determining boron(III) oxide in refractory products and raw materials, in mass fractions of 0,01 % or greater. It is applicable to the determination of total boron(111) oxide in oxidic materials for ceramics, glass and glazes.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 21078-2:2006 specifies procedures of chemical analysis for the determination of boron(III) oxide used as a binder component added to aluminosilicate refractories, using an acid extraction method.
It is applicable for refractories containing less than 1 % (mass fraction) of boron(III) oxide.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 21078-1:2008 specifies methods of determining boron(III) oxide in refractory products and raw materials, in mass fractions of 0,01 % or greater. It is applicable to the determination of total boron(111) oxide in oxidic materials for ceramics, glass and glazes.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 21078-2:2006 specifies procedures of chemical analysis for the determination of boron(III) oxide used as a binder component added to aluminosilicate refractories, using an acid extraction method. It is applicable for refractories containing less than 1 % (mass fraction) of boron(III) oxide.
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- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of glass ceramics for use in buildings.
Note: For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
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This document specifies the characterization of ceramic slurry for use as feedstock in vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The characterization includes the composition and properties of the slurry, such as solids content, dynamic viscosity, particle size distribution, chemical composition, and solid dispersion stability. This document also provides available methods on sampling and preparing slurry samples for testing.
This document does not deal with safety aspects.
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies and classifies special basic products - glass ceramics, indicates their chemical composition, their main physical and mechanical characteristics, their dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual faults).
This European Standard applies to special basic products - glass ceramics supplied in stock sizes, supplied sizes or in cut sizes for final end use.
This European Standard does not apply to final cut sizes having a dimension less than 100 mm or a surface area less than 0,05 m2.
- Draft19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of basic glass ceramics for use in buildings.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Draft33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of basic glass ceramics for use in buildings.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Draft33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies and classifies special basic products - glass ceramics, indicates their chemical composition, their main physical and mechanical characteristics, their dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual faults).
This European Standard applies to special basic products - glass ceramics supplied in stock sizes, supplied sizes or in cut sizes for final end use.
This European Standard does not apply to final cut sizes having a dimension less than 100 mm or a surface area less than 0,05 m2.
- Draft19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes a method of fabrication of known discontinuities in a ceramic specimen. Such specimens are needed and used in nondestructive examination to demonstrate sensitivity and resolution and to assist in establishing proper examination parameters.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for fabricating both green and sintered test samples of silicon carbide and silicon nitride containing inclusions. These samples can be used to determine the sensitivity and detection capability of a nondestructive examination (NDE) method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered a procedure for fabricating both green and sintered test samples of silicon carbide and silicon nitride containing inclusions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics, this practice was withdrawn in October 2018. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard defines, specifies and classifies glass ceramics for use in building. It indicates their chemical composition, main physical and mechanical properties, dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual faults). This standard applies only to glass ceramics supplied in stock sizes. This standard does not apply to glass ceramics suppliedin cut sizes for final end use.
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