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71.080.15 - Aromatic hydrocarbons

ICS 71.080.15 Details

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe

Hydrocarbures aromatiques

Aromatski ogljikovodiki

General Information

Parent
71.080 - Organic chemicals

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 71.080.15 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Aromatic hydrocarbons". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 367 standards classified under ICS 71.080.15 (Aromatic hydrocarbons). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ASTM
ASTM D7704-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer by Potentiometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination of total aldehydes in styrene monomer. Total aldehydes are calculated and reported as benzaldehyde.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde concentrations to 0.013 mass%. The Limit of Detection (LOD) is 0.0006 mass% and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.0020 mass%. The LOD and LOQ were calculated based on the data in Table 1.  
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5194-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Organic and inorganic chlorine compounds can have a deleterious effect on equipment and reactions in processes involving aromatic hydrocarbons.  
4.2 Maximum chloride levels are often specified for process streams and for aromatic hydrocarbon products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total chloride (organic and inorganic) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclohexane.  
1.2 The test method is applicable to samples with chloride concentrations of 1 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg.  
1.3 Bromides and iodides, if present, will be calculated as chlorides.  
1.4 Materials, such as styrene, that are polymerized by sodium biphenyl reagent cannot be analyzed by this test method.  
1.5 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3193-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ethylbenzene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ethylbenzene. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of ethylbenzene: purity, benzene content, toluene content, xylene content, cumene content, diethylbenzene content, chloride content, sulfur content, and color.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ethylbenzene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this specification.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for all materials, and local regulations used in this specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2119-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination of aldehydes in styrene monomer. Aldehydes are calculated and reported as benzaldehyde.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde concentrations to 0.030 mass%. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.0006 mass% and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.002 mass% based on the data in 13.1.  
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2121-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Polymer Content of Styrene Monomer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used for determining polymer concentrations in styrene monomer.  
5.2 This test method will not detect dimers and trimers.  
5.3 This test method can be used for plant control and for specification analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the polymer content of styrene monomer. It should be noted, however, that dimers and trimers are not measured by these test methods.  
1.2 Test Method A, which is based on the use of a spectrophotometer or photometer, is intended for the quantitative determination of the polymer content of styrene monomer in concentrations up to 15 mg/kg. Samples containing more than 15 mg/kg of polymer must be suitably diluted before measurement. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 4.0 mg/kg. LOD and LOQ were calculated using the last sample in Table 1.  
1.3 Test Method B is a rapid visual procedure that is intended for the approximate evaluation of polymer to a maximum concentration of 1.0 mass %. Samples having a polymer content of 1.0 mass % or greater should be suitably diluted prior to measurement.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5713-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of High Purity Benzene for Cyclohexane Feedstock by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for benzene purity on the basis of impurities normally present in benzene and may be used for final product inspections and process control.  
5.2 This test method will detect the following impurities: toluene, methylcyclopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylhexane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, 2-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclopentane, 2,4-dimethylhexane, trimethylpentane, and others where specific impurity standards are available. Absolute purity cannot be accurately determined if unknown impurities are present.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific impurities in, and the purity of benzene for cyclohexane feedstock by gas chromatography.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene in the range from 99 % to 100 % purity and to impurities at concentrations of 2 mg/kg to 10 000 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) is 2 mg/kg for an impurity and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 6 mg/kg for an impurity.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.2 and Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7504-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective Carbon Number

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determining the type and amount of hydrocarbon impurities remaining from the manufacture of toluene, mixed xylenes, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, and styrene used as chemical intermediates and solvents is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool where these products are produced or are used. Typical impurities are: alkanes containing 1 to 10 carbons atoms, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene (EB), xylenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons containing nine carbon atoms or more.  
5.2 This method may not detect all components and there may be unknown components that would be assigned inappropriate correction factors and thus, the results may not be absolute.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total nonaromatic hydrocarbons and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene and mixed xylenes by gas chromatography. The purity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene and mixed xylenes is also calculated. Similar test methods, using the internal standard calibration technique and the external standard calibration technique, are Test Methods D2360, D5060, D5135, and D5917 respectively.  
1.2 The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.0002 mass % and limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.0006 mass % for impurities in toluene, mixed xylenes, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, and styrene.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5471-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for O-Xylene 980

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a grade of o-xylene identified as ortho-Xylene 980. O-xylene 980 shall be tested and sampled in accordance with standard test methods and practices and shall conform to the following requirements: purity; non-aromatic hydrocarbons; p-xylene plus m-xylene; C9 and heavier aromatics; cumene; bromine index; appearance which shall be a clear liquid, free of sediment and haze; color in the platinum-cobalt scale; and distillation range.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of o-xylene identified as ortho-Xylene 980.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations and supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D847-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity of Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Solvent Naphthas, and Similar Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials. This test method gives an indication of residual acidity and is a measure of the quality of the finished product. It is an indication of the tendency of the product to corrode equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for the detection of acidity of benzene, toluene, xylenes, solvent naphthas, and similar industrial aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7057-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas Chromatography (External Standard)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in 1.2 and for use as an internal quality control tool where isopropylbenzene is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving isopropylbenzene.  
5.2 This test method is useful in determining the purity of isopropylbenzene with normal impurities present. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the isopropylbenzene, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.  
5.3 Cumene hydroperoxide, if present, will yield thermal decomposition products, primarily AP and DMPC as stated in 4.1, that will elute in the chromatogram thereby giving incorrect results unless they are excluded as indicated in 4.1. It is also possible to get erroneous results for trace alpha-methylstyrene present in isopropylbenzene if the inlet has become unduly contaminated with non-volatile foreign substances.  
5.4 The nonaromatic hydrocarbons commonly present from the isopropylbenzene manufacturing process, particularly a non-zeolitic one, will interfere with the determination of xylenes (if present).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of isopropylbenzene (cumene) by gas chromatography. Calibration of the gas chromatography system is done by the external standard calibration technique.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as nonaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, phenol, cymenes, t-butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, sec-butylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzenes, which are impurities that can be found in isopropylbenzene. The latter impurities can be analyzed over a range of 1 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg by this method (see Table 1). The limit of quantitation averages 3.8 mg/kg while the limit of detection for these impurities averages 1.1 mg/kg based on the data in Table 1.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4790-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals
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ASTM
ASTM D2232-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaporating Residue of Naphthalene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaporation residue is an empirical measure of nonvolatile impurities in naphthalene. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evaporation residue of naphthalene.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to determining residue in the range of 0.3 and 1.5 wt %.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7, 8.1, 9.2, and 9.3.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7977-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Polymer Content of AMS (α-Methylstyrene)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used for determining polymer concentrations in AMS monomer.  
4.2 This test method will not detect dimers and trimers.  
4.3 This test method can be used for plant control and for specification analysis. Information regarding plant control and specification analysis can be found in test method D6367.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the polymer content of AMS (α-Methylstyrene). Dimers and trimers are not measured by these test methods.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to determining the polymer content of AMS in concentrations up to 15 mg/kg with an LOQ of 0.6 mg/kg and an LOD of 0.2 mg/kg based on the data in Table 1. Samples containing more than 15 mg/kg of polymer must be suitably diluted before measurement.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D848-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in 1.1. It may also be used as an internal quality control tool and in development or research work.  
5.2 The color developed in the acid layer gives an indication of impurities which if sulfonated would cause the material to be discolored.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acid wash color of benzene, toluene, xylenes, refined solvent naphthas, and similar industrial aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8 and 12.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7125-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Cumene (Isopropylbenzene) Manufactured Via a Zeolite Process

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cumene (isopropylbenzene) manufactured via a zeolite catalyst process. Cumene shall conform to the following requirements: purity weight percent, alpha-methylstrene, benzene, cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzenes, ethylbenzene, i-butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, s- butylbenzene, t- butylbenzene, phenols, n-propylbenzene, sulfur, toluene, total butylbenzenes, total cymenes, total non-aromatics, total GC unknowns, bromine index, appearance, and color.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cumene (isopropylbenzene) manufactured using a zeolite catalyst process.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA Regulations and Supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4077-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Cumene (Isopropylbenzene)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cumene (isopropylbenzene). Tests shall be performed to determine the requirements of cumene in accordance to the following test methods: purity; alpha-methylstrene, benzene, butylbenzenes, diisopropylbenzenes, ethylbenzene, phenols, n-propylbenzene, sulfur, bromine index, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cumene (isopropylbenzene).  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA Regulations and Supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6805-02(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Infrared (IR) Procedure for Determination of Aromatic/ Aliphatic Ratio of Bituminous Emulsions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results of this practice may be used to distinguish tar-based emulsion from an asphalt-based emulsion for specification compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice uses infrared analytical techniques to qualitatively determine in the laboratory a ratio of aromatic absorbance to aliphatic absorbance. This practice may be used to determine if the bitumen in the emulsion is predominantly aromatic or aliphatic in nature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2340-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Peroxides in Styrene Monomer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of peroxides in styrene monomer both for quality control and quality assurance of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peroxide content of styrene monomer reported as hydrogen peroxide.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the determination of peroxides in styrene monomer in the range of 1 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg. Based on the precision data in 12.1, LOD is 6 mg/kg and LOQ is 21 mg/kg.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1555M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping containers, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 148.9 to 176.7 °C and 176.7 to 204.4 °C aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at a given temperature from an observed volume at an observed temperature, t °C. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 15 °F and 20 °C for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 A complete inch-pound unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3437-15(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program and consultation with the appropriate SDS. The information provided herein cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, but rather as a supplement to such advice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling several liquid cyclic products. These specifically cover liquids at ambient temperature and include benzene, toluene, xylenes, cyclohexane, styrene, pyridine, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, and alpha-methylstyrene in a manner which represents and preserves product quality.  
1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific first aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and an appropriate SDS.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8143-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the EU-8 List of PAH Compounds in Carbon Black

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test procedure is used to determine the individual concentrations of the PAH compounds in the EU-8 list extracted from carbon black by the means of a Soxhlet extraction apparatus with toluene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative and quantitative determination of the EU-8 list of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on carbon black. The EU-8 list of PAH compounds is given in Table 1. The procedure involves Soxhlet extraction with toluene followed by extract analysis using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This method is not intended to test for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA 21 CFR 178.3297) compliance of carbon blacks used for indirect food contact applications.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1492-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Coulometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials. This test method gives a broad indication of olefinic content. It will not differentiate between the types of aliphatic unsaturation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of Bromine Index in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with Bromine Index concentrations to 100 Bromine Index. The limit of detection (LOD) is for 1.5 Bromine Index and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 4.9 Bromine Index.
Note 1: LOD and LOQ were calculated using data from the D16 PTP program. This estimate of LOD includes within-lab variability.  
1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5776-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related material. This test method gives a broad indication of olefinic content. It does not differentiate between the types of aliphatic unsaturation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of bromine-reactive material in aromatic hydrocarbons and is thus a measure of trace amounts of unsaturates in these materials.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to materials having bromine indexes below 35. Materials with a higher bromine index can be analyzed by this method; however, the precision section does not apply.  
1.2.1 This test method is applicable to aromatic hydrocarbons containing no more than trace amounts of olefins and that are substantially free from material lighter than isobutane and have a distillation end point under 288 °C.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1555-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping containers, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, orthoxylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 300 to 350°F and 350 to 400°F aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at a desired temperature tb°F from an observed volume at to°F. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 60°F for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 A complete SI unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5135-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Styrene by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to obtain styrene purity on the basis of impurities normally present in styrene and may be used for final product inspections and process control.  
5.2 This test method will detect the impurities shown in Table 1, non-aromatic hydrocarbons containing ten carbons or less, and others where specific impurity standards are available. Absolute purity cannot be determined if unknown impurities are present.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the impurities typically found in styrene and uses those values to determine the purity of styrene by difference by gas chromatography. Typical impurities in commercial styrene are found in Table 1.    
1.2 This test method is applicable to impurity concentrations up to 1 %.  
1.2.1 The limit of detection is 0.0003 mass % and the limit of quantitation is 0.0010 mass %.  
1.2.2 LOD and LOQ were calculated using data from ILS results for n-propylbenzene in Table 3.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5060-12(2021)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Impurities in High-Purity Ethylbenzene by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test is suitable for setting specifications on ethylbenzene and for use as an internal quality control tool where ethylbenzene is used in manufacturing processes. It may be used in development or research work involving ethylbenzene.  
4.2 Purity is commonly reported by subtracting the determined expected impurities from 100 %. Absolute purity cannot be determined if unknown impurities are present.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of normally occurring impurities in, and the purity of, ethylbenzene by gas chromatography. Impurities determined include nonaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, and diethylbenzene isomers.  
1.2 This test method is applicable for impurities at concentrations from 0.001 to 1.000 % and for ethylbenzene purities of 99 % or higher. At this level, p-xylene may not be detected.  
1.3 In determining the performance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D852-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used as a criteria for determining the purity of benzene. The closer the solidification point reaches that of pure benzene, the purer the sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solidification point of benzene.  
1.2 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3160-20a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Phenol Content of Cumene (Isopropylbenzene) or AMS (α–Methylstyrene)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in determining phenol in the range from 5 to 50 mg/kg in commercially available cumene or AMS.  
4.2 Phenol will inhibit certain reactions involving cumene or AMS.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phenol in refined cumene (isopropylbenzene) or AMS (α–methylstyrene).  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable in the range from 5 to 50 mg/kg of phenol in refined cumene (isopropylbenzene) or AMS (α–methylstyrene). The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.9 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 2.9 mg/kg.
Note 1: LOD and LOQ were calculated using intermediate precision for the lowest level in the ILS.  
1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7536-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the precise measurement of the chlorine content of aromatics with minimal sample preparation and analyst involvement. The typical time for each analysis is five or ten minutes.  
5.2 Knowledge of the chlorine content of aromatics is important for process control as well as the prediction and control of operational problems such as unit corrosion and catalyst poisoning, and in the blending of products to commodity specifications.  
5.3 Various federal, state, and local agencies regulate the chlorine content of some petroleum products, including aromatics. Unbiased and precise determination of chlorine in aromatics is critical to compliance with regulatory standards.  
5.4 When the elemental composition of the samples differ significantly from the calibration standards used to prepare the calibration curve, the cautions and recommendation in Section 6 should be carefully observed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of chlorine by monochromatic wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) spectrometry in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with chlorine concentrations to 10 mg/kg. Higher chlorine concentrations can be determined by quantitatively diluting the sample with a suitable solvent. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation is 0.7 mg/kg. With careful analytical technique or the measurement of replicates, or both, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the LOD.
Note 1: The maximum is the highest concentration from the interlaboratory study (ILS) and the LOD and LOQ were calculated from Performance Testing Program (PTP) data. See Table 3.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7951-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Disproportionation (TDP) Toluene

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for disproportionation (TDP) toluene. For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit. This specification covers properties and sampling of the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Disproportionation (TDP) toluene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3852-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Phenol, Cresols, and Cresylic Acid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program and consultation with an appropriate SDS. The information provided cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice as provided in an appropriate SDS, but rather as a supplement to such advice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling phenol, cresols and cresylic acid in solid and liquid forms, including liquids at elevated temperatures, in a safe manner that represents and preserves quality. In general, this practice also applies to xylenols, and some other alkylated phenolic materials; however, specific information regarding these materials should be sought and used if available.  
1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific first aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and an appropriate SDS.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7184-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure Chemiluminescence Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful to detect and quantify nitrogen-containing compounds at a concentration of 0.1 to 1.2 mg N/kg in light aromatic hydrocarbons used or produced in manufacturing process. These nitrogen-containing compounds are undesirable in finished aromatic products and may be used in setting specification for determining the total nitrogen content in aromatic hydrocarbons.  
5.2 This test method requires the use of reduced pressure at the detector. Loss of vacuum or pressure fluctuations impact the sensitivity of the detector and the ability to determine nitrogen concentrations less than 1 mg N/kg.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total nitrogen in aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with nitrogen concentrations up to 1.2 mg/kg. The Limit of Detection (LOD) is 0.04 mg/kg N and the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) is 0.13 mg/kg N. For higher nitrogen concentrations refer to Test Method D4629. With careful analytical technique, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the current scope (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: LOD and LOQ were calculated using data in ASTM Research Report RR:D16-1044.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications; results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D841-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for nitration grade toluene. The material shall be tested and sampled in accordance with standard test methods and practices and shall conform to the following requirements: volume of non-aromatic hydrocarbons; acid wash color; copper strip corrosion; appearance which shall be a clear liquid, free of sediment and haze; color in the platinum-cobalt scale; and distillation range.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nitration grade toluene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3438-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Naphthalene, Maleic Anhydride, and Phthalic Anhydride

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling procedures. It is expected that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program and consultation with the appropriate SDS. The information provided herein cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, but rather as a supplement to such advice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride in various solid forms, and as liquids at elevated temperatures in a safe manner that represents and preserves quality.  
1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific first aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 and an appropriate SDS.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5606-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Toluene for Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) Feedstock

ABSTRACT
This specification covers toluene for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) feedstock. The purity, acid wash color, benzene, nanoromatics, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and appearance of toluene shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers toluene for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) feedstock.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Consult OSHA regulations and supplier’s Safety Data Sheets for all materials used in this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5211-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Xylenes for p-Xylene Feedstock

ABSTRACT
This specification covers xylenes for p-xylene feedstock. Xylenes for p-xylene feedstock shall conform to the following requirements: p-xylene minimum weight percent, ethylbenzene maximum weight percent, toluene maximum weight percent, C9 and higher boiling aromatic hydrocarbons maximum weight percent, nonaromatic hydrocarbons maximum weight percent, nitrogen maximum weight percent if needed, sulfur maximum content, appearance, chloride if needed, color, and distillation range.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers xylenes for p-xylene feedstock. These xylenes typically are extracted from reformate.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers’ Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7124-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Benzene for Use with Zeolite Based Catalysts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers benzene for use with zeolite based catalysts. Tests shall be performed to determine the property requirements of benzene in accordance to the following test methods: benzene weight percentage; sulfur mass; thiophene mass; toluene mass; nonaromatic hydrocarbons weight percentage; nitrogen mass; acid wash color; bromine index, water, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers benzene for use with zeolite based catalysts.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5917-15(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and External Calibration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determining the type and amount of hydrocarbon impurities remaining from the manufacture of toluene, mixed xylenes, and p-xylenes used as chemical intermediates and solvents is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool where these products are produced or are used. Typical impurities are: alkanes containing 1 to 10 carbons atoms, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene (EB), xylenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons containing nine carbon atoms.  
5.2 Purity is commonly reported by subtracting the determined expected impurities from 100.00. However, a gas chromatographic analysis cannot determine absolute purity if unknown or undetected components are contained within the material being examined.  
5.3 This test method is similar to Test Method D2360, however, interlaboratory testing has indicated a bias may exist between the two methods. Therefore the user is cautioned that the two methods may not give comparable results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total nonaromatic hydrocarbons and trace monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in toluene, mixed xylenes, and p-xylene by gas chromatography. The purity of toluene, mixed xylenes, or p-xylene can also be calculated. Calibration of the gas chromatographic system is done by the external standard calibration technique. A similar test method, using the internal standard calibration technique, is Test Method D2360.  
1.2 Total aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 1 through 10 carbon atoms (methane through decanes) can be detected by this test method at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 2.500 weight %.  
1.2.1 A small amount of benzene in mixed xylenes or p-xylenes may not be distinguished from the nonaromatics and the concentrations are determined as a composite (see 6.1).  
1.3 Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon impurities containing 6 through 10 carbon atoms (benzene through C10 aromatics) can be detected by this test method at individual concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1.000 weight %.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2827-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Styrene Monomer

ABSTRACT
This specification covers styrene monomer. The purity, aldehydes, peroxides, polymer, inhibitor, ethylbenzene, water, and color shall be tested to meet the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers styrene monomer.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this specification.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4735-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on benzene and for use as an internal quality control tool where benzene is either produced or used in a manufacturing process.  
4.2 This test method was found applicable for determining thiophene in refined benzene conforming to the specifications described in Specification D2359 and may be applicable toward other grades of benzene if the user has taken the necessary precautions as described in the text.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thiophene in refined benzene in the range from 0.80 to 1.80 mg/kg for the Flame Photometric Detector (FPD), and from 0.14 to 2.61 mg/kg for the Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD). For the PFPD, the minimum level of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.14 mg/kg and the minimum level of detection (LOD) is 0.04 mg/kg, as described in ASTM Research Report RR:D16-1038.2 The range of the test method may be extended by modifying the sample injection volume, split ratios, calibration range, or sample dilution with thiophene-free solvent.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene characteristic of the type described in Specifications D2359 and D4734 and may be applicable to other types or grades of benzene only after the user has demonstrated that the procedure can completely resolve thiophene from the other organic contaminants contained in the sample.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance to applicable specification using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1686-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color of Solid Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials in the Molten State (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Color by this test method is a measure of color-producing impurities present in the thermally stable solids. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the visual measurement of the color of thermally stable solids melting below 150°C. It is applicable only to materials in which the color-producing bodies present have light absorption characteristics quite similar to those of the standards used. The scope of this method covers the range of calibration which is 0 to 100 Pt-Co color.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Weight% should be used rather than Mass%.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 7 and 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5136-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for High Purity p-Xylene

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for p-Xylene. Sampled specimens shall conform to the following physical and chemical properties: minimum purity; maximum m-Xylene content; maximum o-Xylene content; maximum sulfur content; maximum toluene content; maximum ethylbenzene content; maximum nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; appearance; color (Pt/Co scale); distillation range; and maximum pressure.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high purity p-Xylene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D843-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nitration Grade Xylene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nitration grade xylene. The nonaromatic hydrocarbons, acid wash color, copper corrosion, appearance, distillation range, initial distillation temperature, and dry point of nitration grade xylene shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nitration grade xylene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be round off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the round-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7065-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Nonylphenol,4 octylphenol, and bisphenol A have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of nonylphenol and octylphenol is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is NPEO which has an average ethoxylate chain of 9 mol of ethoxylate. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO and NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, nonylphenol. Nonylphenol will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This test method has been investigated for use with surface water and waste treatment effluent samples and is applicable to these matrices. It has not been investigated for use with salt water or solid sample matrices.  
5.2 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.5 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings, and many other products.6 The environmental source of BPA is predominantly from the decomposition of polycarbonate plastics and resins. BPA is not classified as bio-accumulative by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and will biodegrade. BPA may be released into the environment waters directly at trace levels through landfill leachate and sewage treatment plant effluents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) that are partitioned into organic solvent, separated using gas chromatography and detected with mass selective detection. These compounds or isomer mixtures are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. This test method adheres to selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry but full scan mass spectrometry has also been shown to work well under these conditions. Either analysis may be used.  
1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, OP, and BPA are listed in Table 1. (A) MDL determined following the Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B.(B) Lowest point of the reporting range is calculated from the LV1 concentration calibration standard in Table 4.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIST
SIST ISO 5275:2014
Petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents - Detection of thiols and other sulfur species - Doctor test
ISO 5275:2003

ISO 5275: 2003 specifies a procedure (Doctor test) for the detection of thiols (mercaptans), hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur in hydrocarbon solvents and distillate petroleum feedstocks and products.

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ISO
ISO 5275:2003(Main)
Petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents - Detection of thiols and other sulfur species - Doctor test
SIST ISO 5275:2014

ISO 5275: 2003 specifies a procedure (Doctor test) for the detection of thiols (mercaptans), hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur in hydrocarbon solvents and distillate petroleum feedstocks and products.

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ISO
ISO 5282:1982(Main)
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Determination of sulphur content - Pitt-Ruprecht reduction and spectrophotometric method

Relates to products boiling below 200 °C. Directly applicable to contents of 0.1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg. Higher contents may be determined by a suitable dilution of the sample. Alkylsulphones, arylsulphonic acids and arylsulphonates give incomplete recovery of sulphur. Reduction of the sulphur compounds to nickel sulphide with Raney nickel. Stripping of the hydrogen sulphide in hydrochloric acid medium and absorption in an alkaline zinc acetate solution. Formation of methylene blue with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate and iron(III) ammonium sulphate. Determination of the absorbance of the blue coloured solution at a wavelength of 667 nm.

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ISO
ISO 1995:1981(Main)
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Sampling

These products are similar to petroleum products; many sampling procedures used for petroleum products are equally applicable to the former. Specifies the obtaining of samples from fixed tanks, railcars, road vehicles, barges and drums and from liquids being pumped in pipelines. The samples are intended to be used determine quality, for testing whether contaminants are present and for the determination of the degree of homogeneity of a batch. General recommendation and specific recommendations for hazardous, flammable and toxic substances are given and also the treatment of mobile liquids at low ambient temperatures is indicated.

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ISO
ISO 5280:1979(Main)
Xylene for industrial use - Specification

Applicable to products which consist essentially of xylene isomers ÄC6H4 -(CH3 )2 Ü and ethylbenzene (C6H5 -C2 H5). Specifies the requirements and test methods. The required characteristics are shown in a table.

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ISO
ISO 5272:1979(Main)
Toluene for industrial use - Specifications

Specifies requirements for two grades. Grade 1 (synthesis grade) is a high quality grade normally required only for the use as a chemical feedstock. Grade 2 (ordinary grade) is suitable for most normal commercial uses. The requirements are given in a table.

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