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71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons

ICS 71.080.10 Details

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe

Hydrocarbures aliphatiques

Aciklični ogljikovodiki

General Information

Parent
71.080 - Organic chemicals

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 71.080.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Aliphatic hydrocarbons". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 172 standards classified under ICS 71.080.10 (Aliphatic hydrocarbons). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ASTM
ASTM D7061-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
5.2 This test method can be used by refiners and users of oils, for which this test method is applicable, to estimate the stability reserves of their oils. Hence, this test method can be used by refineries to control and optimize their refinery processes. Consumers of oils can use this test method to estimate the stability reserve of their oils before, during, and after storage.
FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of a Typical Measurement Using an Optical Scanning Device  
5.3 This test method is not intended for predicting whether oils are compatible before mixing, but can be used for determining the separability number of already blended oils. However, oils that show a low separability number are more likely to be compatible with other oils than are oils with high separability numbers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5273-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Analysis of Propylene Concentrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide information on the likely composition of propylene concentrates and on probable ways to test them. Since there are currently no ASTM test methods for determining all components of interest, this guide provides information on other potentially available test methods.  
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for parties to develop mutually agreed upon specifications which meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for determining various components of propylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a list of the major grades of propylene concentrates produced in North America. It includes possible components and test methods, both ASTM and other, either actually used, or believed to be in use, to test for these properties. This guide is not intended to be used or construed as a set of specifications for any grade of propylene concentrate.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 7382:2023(Main)
Ethylene for industrial use - Sampling in the liquid and the gaseous phase

This document describes the procedures and the precautions to be taken in drawing representative samples of ethylene in the liquid phase stored at -100 °C and in the gaseous phase, for the purpose of their analysis. Annex A sets out a diagrammatic representation of a system for the disposal of the portion of the sample which is not used in the analysis.

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ASTM
ASTM D7266-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Cyclohexane by Gas Chromatography (External Standard)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in Table 1 and for use as an internal quality control tool where cyclohexane is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving cyclohexane.  
5.2 This test method is useful in determining the purity of cyclohexane with normal impurities present. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the cyclohexane, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of cyclohexane by gas chromatography.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement of impurities in Table 1. This test method is applicable to samples with concentrations to 400 mg/kg, but may be applicable to a wider range. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 3 mg/kg for benzene.
Note 1: The LOD and LOQ were calculated from the ILS data for benzene.  
1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 8563:2023(Main)
Propylene and butadiene for industrial use - Sampling in the liquid phase

This document describes the procedures and precautions to be taken in drawing representative samples of propylene and butadiene, in the liquid phase, for the purpose of their analysis. Annex A sets out a diagrammatic representation of a system for the disposal of the portion of the sample not used in the analysis. Annexes B, C and D show the sequence of operations for filling a sampling cylinder in non-closed and closed sampling apparatus.

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ASTM
ASTM D7871-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Cyclohexane by Gas Chromatography (Effective Carbon Number)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in Table 1 and for use as an internal quality control tool where cyclohexane is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving cyclohexane.  
5.2 This test method is useful in determining the purity of cyclohexane with normal impurities present. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the cyclohexane, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of cyclohexane by gas chromatography.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as those found in Table 1, which are impurities that may be found in cyclohexane. The impurities can be analyzed over a range with an upper limit of 400 mg/kg by this method, but may be applicable to a wider range. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.7 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 2.3 mg/kg.
Note 1: The LOD and LOQ were calculated from the ILS data for benzene.  
1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications: results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2712-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Impurities in High Purity Propylene by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 High-purity propylene is required as a feedstock for various manufacturing processes, and the presence of trace amounts of certain hydrocarbon impurities may have adverse effects on yield or catalyst life. This test method is suitable for use as a benchmark in setting commercial specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for the determination of hydrocarbon impurities in propylene (propene) material of 97 % by mass or greater purity (concentrates). These impurities are determined in the concentration range of 0.35 mg/kg to 8575 mg/kg and includes the following components: methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, acetylene, isobutane, propadiene, normal butane, trans-2-butene, butene-1, isobutylene, cis-2-butene, isopentane, methylacetylene, normal pentane, and 1,3-butadiene.
Note 1: Optionally, the analysis may include the determination of pentenes/hexanes and heavier components, see 6.3.  
1.2 This test method does not determine non-hydrocarbon impurities, and additional tests may be necessary to fully characterize the propylene sample. However, for the purposes of this test, the purity of propylene is determined as the difference between the total of the determined analytes and 100 % (by difference).  
1.3 When this test method is being used for the determination of trace level impurities in high-purity propylene, the use of this test method for the analysis of propylene samples at lower purities is not recommended due to the potential for cross contamination between samples.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities. The eLearning training course “Liquefied Petroleum Gases Sampling Safety” is available on the ASTM.org website.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5799-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Peroxides in Butadiene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.  
4.2 Butadiene polyperoxide is a very dangerous product of the reaction between butadiene and oxygen that can occur. The peroxide has been reported to be the cause of some violent explosions in vessels that are used to store butadiene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.  
1.2 This test method covers the concentrations range of 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg as available oxygen.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2426-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Butadiene Dimer and Styrene in Butadiene Concentrates by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Butadiene dimer and styrene may be present as impurities in commercial butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in internal quality control and in establishing product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene dimer (4-vinylcyclohexene-1) and styrene in butadiene concentrates, both recycle and specification grade.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 8.  
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2593-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Butadiene Purity and Hydrocarbon Impurities by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.  
Note 1: Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2: This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method D1088.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and 9.3.  
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6805-02(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Infrared (IR) Procedure for Determination of Aromatic/ Aliphatic Ratio of Bituminous Emulsions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results of this practice may be used to distinguish tar-based emulsion from an asphalt-based emulsion for specification compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice uses infrared analytical techniques to qualitatively determine in the laboratory a ratio of aromatic absorbance to aliphatic absorbance. This practice may be used to determine if the bitumen in the emulsion is predominantly aromatic or aliphatic in nature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5309-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Cyclohexane 999

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a grade of cyclohexane identified as "cyclohexane 999." The material shall conform to the required purity, benzene content, n-hexane content, methylcyclohexane content, methylcyclopentane content, sulfur content, appearance, color, and distillation range.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of cyclohexane identified as “cyclohexane 999.”  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5134-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon components comprising a petroleum naphtha, reformate, or alkylate is useful in valuation of crude oils, in alkylation and reforming process control, in product quality assessment, and for regulatory purposes. Detailed hydrocarbon composition is also used as input in the mathematical modeling of refinery processes.  
5.2 Separation of naphtha components by the procedure described in this test method can result in some peaks that represent coeluting compounds. This test method cannot attribute relative concentrations to the coelutants. In the absence of supporting information, use of the results of this test method for purposes which require such attribution is not recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon components paraffins, naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane (bp 150.8 °C) are determined as a single group.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (D1319 or D6839. The hydrocarbon mixture must have a 98 % point of 250 °C or less as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.  
1.3 Components that are present at the 0.05 % by mass level or greater can be determined.  
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for PNA above carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839 may be used to verify or complement the results of this test method for carbon numbers >C7.  
1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729, D6730, or D6733.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2268-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for specification analysis of high-purity n-heptane and  isooctane, which are used as ASTM Knock Test Reference Fuels. Hydrocarbon impurities or contaminants, which can adversely affect the octane number of these fuels, are precisely determined by this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and provides for the analysis of high-purity (greater than 99.5 % by volume) n-heptane and isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), which are used as primary reference standards in determining the octane number of a fuel. Individual compounds present in concentrations of less than 0.01 % can be detected. Columns specified by this test method may not allow separation of all impurities in reference fuels.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1836-07(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers commercial hexanes used in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. The commercial hexanes should conform to the specified requirements for aniline point, apparent specific gravity, bromine index, color Pt-Co, distillation range, kauri-butanol value, nonvolatile matter content, odor, sulfur content, and benzene content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the range of products commonly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3131-07(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Isopropyl Acetate (99 % Grade)

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the properties and requirements for isopropyl acetate. Specimens shall be sampled and tested as appropriate, and adhere accordingly to specified values of the following properties: apparent specific gravity; color (Pt-Co scale); distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point); nonvolatile matter content; odor; water content; acidity (free acid as acetic acid); and purity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers isopropyl acetate (99 % grade).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5303-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Trace Carbonyl Sulfide in Propylene by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In processes producing propylene, COS usually remains with the C3 hydrocarbons and must be removed, since it affects product quality. COS acts as a poison to commercial polymerization catalysts, resulting in deactivation and costly process downtime.  
5.2 Accurate gas chromatographic determination of trace COS in propylene involves unique analytical problems because of the chemical nature of COS and idiosyncracies of trace level analyses. These problems result from the reactive and absorptive nature of COS, the low concentration levels being measured, the type of detector needed, and the interferences from the propylene sample matrix. This test method addresses these analytical problems and ways to properly handle them to assure accurate and precise analyses.  
5.3 This test method provides a basis for agreement between two laboratories when the determination of trace COS in propylene is important. The test method permits several calibration techniques. For best agreement between two labs, it is recommended that they use the same calibration technique.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of traces of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in propylene. It is applicable to COS concentrations from 0.5 mg/kg to 4.0 mg/kg (parts per million by mass). See Note 1.  
Note 1: The lower limit of this test method is believed to be below 0.1 mg/kg, depending on sample size and sensitivity of the instrumentation being used. However, the cooperative testing program was conducted in the 0.5 to 4.0 range due to limitations in preparing commercial test mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5248-04(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reclaimed 1,1,2-Trichloro 1,2,2-Trifluoroethane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2- trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. This may be a reference for 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane recovery programs. The three classifications are as follows: Type I - generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II - used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III - general-purpose technical grade. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of specific gravity, chloride content, acid number, non-volatile residue content, water content, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane content, 1,1,1- trichloroethane content, color, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane2 typically needed in various industries. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane recovery programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 3839:1996/Amd 1:2020(Amendment)
Petroleum products - Determination of bromine number of distillates and aliphatic olefins - Electrometric method - Amendment 1
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ASTM
ASTM D7827-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene from Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
5.2 This test method can be used by refiners and users of heavy oils, for which this test method is applicable, to estimate the stability reserves of their oils. Hence, this test method can be used by refineries to control and optimize their refinery processes. Consumers of oils can use this test method to estimate the stability reserve of their oils before, during, and after storage.  
5.3 This test method is not intended for predicting whether oils are compatible before mixing, but can be used for determining the separability number of already blended oils. However, experience shows that oils exhibiting a low separability number are more likely to be compatible with other oils than are oils with high separability numbers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. The result is a separability number (%). See also Test Method D7061.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5274-00(2019)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Analysis of 1,3–Butadiene Product

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide information on the possible composition of 1,3-butadiene products and possible ways to test them. Since there are currently not enough ASTM standards for determining all components of interest, this guide provides information on other potentially available test methods.  
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for parties to develop mutually agreed-upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for 1,3-butadiene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analysis of 1,3–butadiene products produced in North America. It includes possible components and test methods, both ASTM and other, either actually used or believed to be in use, to test for these components. This guide is not intended to be used or construed as a set of specifications for butadiene products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6100-17(Specification)
Standard Specification for Extruded, Compression Molded and Injection Molded Polyoxymethylene Shapes (POM)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and test methods for the material, dimensions, workmanship, and properties of extruded, compression molded, and injection molded acetal shapes such as sheet, plate, rod, and tubular bar. The specimens shall be a pure polyoxymethylene or may filled, lubricated, or reinforced with carbon and graphite fiber, glass, PTFE, graphite, silicone, molybdenum disulfide, mineral, combinations of reinforcements or fillers, or both. The products shall conform to the physical property requirements which include tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, dimensional stability, flexural modulus, Izod impact, and porosity level. Thickness tolerance, length camber, and width bow properties shall also comply with the dimensional requirements of the different acetal shapes.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for the material, dimensions, and workmanship, and the properties of extruded, compression molded and injection molded polyoxymethylene (POM) sheet, plate, rod, and tubular bar shapes, excluding pipe and fittings.  
1.2 The properties included in this specification are those required for the compositions covered. Section 4 presents a classification system for defining requirements for particular characteristics important to specialized applications.  
1.3 This specification allows for the use of recycled plastics.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard in all property and dimensional tables. For reference purposes, SI units are included in Table S-POM and Table 1 only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5234-92(2017)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene Product

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When the various producers and users of ethylene product deal with the results obtained in analytical testing, inconsistency of units and test methods may cause major errors. This guide provides an overview of the typical concentrations of the possible components found in ethylene product, the methods used in analysis, and the units of measure. This overview is intended to be used to improve the consistency of methods and the units reported so that errors are minimized. Each producer and user of ethylene product should immediately review this guide to improve their awareness of the various analytical methods in use, the units of measure, and concentration levels of the possible components.  
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for the various parties to develop mutually agreed upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for ethylene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the analysis of ethylene product in a way that allows the analyst to know the possible test methods, the units of measure, and the potential concentrations range of possible components, so that the consistency of the analytical measurements is improved. This guide is not intended to be used, nor to be construed in any way, as a set of specifications for ethylene product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ISO
ISO 3839:1996(Main)
Petroleum products - Determination of bromine number of distillates and aliphatic olefins - Electrometric method
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ISO
ISO 8174:1986(Main)
Ethylene and propylene for industrial use - Determination of acetone, acetonitrile, propan-2-ol and methanol - Gas chromatographic method

The method comprises the passage of a gaseous test portion through water to absorb acetone, acetonitrile, propan-2-ol and methanol, and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis of the aqueous solution, using a flame ionization detector, and comparison of the peaks obtained with those derived from an external standard. The method is applicable to products having acetone, propan-2-ol and methanol concentrations greater than 1 mg/kg, and acetonitrile concentrations greater than 10 mg/kg.

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ASTM
ASTM D2505-88(2015)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ethylene, Other Hydrocarbons, and Carbon Dioxide in High-Purity Ethylene by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2024)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 High-purity ethylene is required as a feedstock for some manufacturing processes, and the presence of trace amounts of carbon dioxide and some hydrocarbons can have deleterious effects. This method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool and for use in development or research work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, acetylene, and other hydrocarbons in high-purity ethylene. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide are determined in accordance with Test Method D2504. The percent ethylene is obtained by subtracting the sum of the percentages of the hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon impurities from 100. The method is applicable over the range of impurities from 1 to 500 parts per million volume (ppmV).  
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For some specific hazard statements, see Section 6.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, acetylene, and other hydrocarbons in high-purity ethylene. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide were determined in accordance with Test Method D2504. The percent ethylene was obtained by subtracting the sum of the percentages of the hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon impurities from 100. The method was applicable over the range of impurities from 1 to 500 parts per million volume (ppmV).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in April 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D2504-88(2015)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Noncondensable Gases in C2 and Lighter Hydrocarbon Products by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2024)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of trace amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide can have deleterious effects in certain processes using hydrocarbon products as feed stock. This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool and for use in development or research work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide in the parts per million volume (ppmv) range in C2 and lighter hydrocarbon products. This test method should be applicable to light hydrocarbons other than ethylene, but the test program did not include them.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For some specific hazard statements, see the Annex A1.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide in the parts per million volume (ppmv) range in C2 and lighter hydrocarbon products. This test method should be applicable to light hydrocarbons other than ethylene, but the test program did not include them.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D4424-09(2014)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Butylene Analysis by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method could be used to determine butylene stream composition for custody transfer payments. It is also capable of providing data necessary to evaluate processing requirements in an operating plant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes, butylene concentrates, and butane-butylene mixtures.  
1.2 This test method does not cover high-purity butene-1 or high-purity isobutene streams, or both. However, it is possible that one or more columns listed in Appendix X3 may be capable of the separation necessary for high-purity analyses.  
1.3 This test method is designed to cover the components listed below at about 0.05 % or greater. It is not intended for trace hydrocarbon analysis. Components to be determined are: propane, propylene, isobutane,  n-butane, butene-1, isobutene,  trans-butene-2,  cis-butene-2, 1,3-butadiene, isopentane,  n-pentane.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 5.3.1.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes, butylene concentrates, and butane-butylene mixtures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in January 2023 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D4709-07(2012)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Methyl Acrylate (Withdrawn 2021)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers methyl acrylate for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products. Methyl acrylate shall be tested for purity, water content, color, acidity, and methyl ether of hydroquinone content, and shall conform to the requirements of the specification. Methyl acrylate shall be stored in amber bottles or protect from light by other means to aid in preventing polymerization. Test methods, sampling, and packaging shall be in accordance with ASTM standard methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methyl acrylate (99 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information see Section 4.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covered methyl acrylate (99 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in January 2021 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D3760-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2022)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in 1.2 and for use as an internal quality control tool where isopropylbenzene is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving isopropylbenzene.  
4.2 This test method is useful in determining the purity of isopropylbenzene with normal impurities present including diisopropylbenzenes. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the isopropylbenzene, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.  
4.3 Cumene hydroperoxide, if present, will yield decomposition products that will elute in the chromatogram thereby giving incorrect results.  
4.4 The nonaromatic hydrocarbons commonly present from the isopropylbenzene manufacturing process will interfere with the determination of benzene when Column A in Table 1 is used.  
4.5 The internal standard must be sufficiently resolved from any impurity and the isopropylbenzene peak.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of isopropylbenzene (cumene) by gas chromatography.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as nonaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, ethylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, sec-butylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzene, which are common to the manufacturing process of isopropylbenzene. The limit of quantitation for these impurities averages 0.0030 wt.% based on the data in Table 2, while the limit of detection for these impurities averages 0.0010 wt.%. This method has been found applicable for concentrations of various components up to 0.0571 wt.%.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the purity of isopropylbenzene (cumene) by gas chromatography.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in September 2022 and replaced by Test Method D7504 on Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective Carbon Number.1

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ASTM D4864-14(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Traces of Methanol in Propylene Concentrates by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Methanol is a common impurity in propylene concentrate. It can have a deleterious effect on various processes that use propylene concentrate as a feedstock.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol in propylene concentrates in the range of approximately 4 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg (parts-per-million by mass).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: There is no direct acceptable SI equivalent for screw threads.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 11.1.1, 11.2.1, and 12.11.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of methanol in propylene concentrates in the range of approximately 4 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg (parts-per-million by mass).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in December 2016. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because of the availability of more reliable methods with better precision.

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ASTM D5815-95(2001)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Phenolic Antioxidants and Erucamide Slip Additives in Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Using Liquid Chromatograph (LC) (Withdrawn 2009)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Separation and identification of stabilizers used in the manufacture of linear low-density polyethylene are necessary in order to correlate performance properties with polymer composition. This test method provides a means to determine BHT, BHEB, Isonox 129, erucamide slip, Irganox 1010, and Irganox 1076 levels in linear low-density polyethylene samples. This test method should be applicable for the determination of other antioxidants such as Ultranox 626, Ethanox 330, Santanox R, and Topanol CA, but the applicability of this test method has not been investigated for these antioxidants.
The additive extraction procedure is made effective by the insolubility of the polymer sample in solvents generally used for liquid chromatographic analysis.
Under optimum conditions, the lowest level of detection for a phenolic antioxidant is approximately 2 ppm.
Other methods that have been successfully used to remove additives from the plastics matrix include thin film, microwave, ultrasonic, and supercritical fluid extractions. Other methods have been successfully used to separate additive including SFC and GC.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a liquid-chromatographic procedure for the separation of some additives currently used in linear low-density polyethylene. These additives are extracted with either isobutanol or isopropanol prior to liquid-chromatographic separation. The ultraviolet absorbance (200 nm) of the compound(s) is measured; quantitation is performed using the internal standard method.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered a liquid-chromatographic procedure for the separation of some additives currently used in linear low-density polyethylene. These additives are extracted with either isobutanol or isopropanol prior to liquid-chromatographic separation. The ultraviolet absorbance (200 nm) of the compound(s) is measured; quantitation is performed using the internal standard method.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this test method was withdrawn in February 2009 and replaced by Test Method D 6953 for Determination of Antioxidants and Erucamide Slip Additives in Polyethylene Using Liquid Chromatography (LC).

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ASTM D6313-99(Test Method)
Test Method for Total Sulfur in Aromatic Compounds by Hydrogenolysis and Sulfur Specific Difference Photometry (Withdrawn 2008)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sulfur can be a catalyst poison in the aromatic chemical manufacturing process. This test method can be used to monitor the amount of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons. This test method may also be used as a quality control tool and in setting specifications for sulfur determination in finished products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives and related chemical having typical sulfur concentrations from 0.005 to 10 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method may be extended to higher concentrations by dilution.
1.3 This test method is applicable to aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, cumene, p-xylene, o-xylene, cyclohexane, phenol, cresols, xylenols, and other aromatic or oxygenated aromatic compounds.  
1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used for expressing the specification limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. specific precautionary statements are given in 7./5, 76. 8, 11.4.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives and related chemicals having typical sulfur concentrations from 0.005 to 10 mg/kg.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in August 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM D3054-98(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Cyclohexane by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrocarbon impurities typically found in cyclohexane and the purity of cyclohexane by difference by gas chromatography. The absolute purity of cyclohexane cannot be determined, since trace quantities of unknowns may be present. Typical impurities in high purity cyclohexane are listed in Table 1.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to impurity concentrations in the range of 0.0001 to 0.1000 wt% and for cyclohexane purities of 98% or higher when using the internal standard procedure.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 and Section 7.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the determination of the hydrocarbon impurities typically found in cyclohexane and the purity of cyclohexane by difference by gas chromatography. These test methods are applicable to impurity concentrations in the range of 0.0001 to 0.1000 wt% and for cyclohexane purities of 98 % or higher when using the internal standard procedure.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals, these test methods were withdrawn in February 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM D6260-98(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Carbon Black in Nylon Materials (PA) (Withdrawn 2004)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of carbon black in a specific class of nylon materials, weather stable, listed in the property tables of Classification System D 4066.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 2 and Note 3 for specific hazard statements.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method was applicable for the determination of carbon black in a specific class of nylon materials, weather stable, listed in the property tables of Classification System D 4066.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this test method was withdrawn in July 2004. This test method was withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

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ISO
ISO 8917:1988(Main)
Light olefins for industrial use - Determination of water - Guidelines for use of in-line analysers

Gives methods for the determination of water using an analyzer with an in-line sensor in gaseous flows of the substance to be analyzed. Compiles the various principles of working of the most generally used commercial analyzer like electrolytic decomposition - light reflection on a cooled mirror (dew-point) - modification of vibration frequency of a quartz crystal covered with a hygroscopic layer - variation of the capacity of a capacitor formed by a hygroscopic dielectric polymer and two porous electrodes - infrared spectrometry - Micro-wave absorption measurement - variation of the capacity of a capacitor consisting of an aluminium oxide dielectric covered by an evaporated porous gold film.

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ISO
ISO 8916:1988(Main)
Ethylene for industrial use - Determination of traces of polar compounds - Preparation of condensate samples by low-temperature scrubbing technique

Specifies a method of sampling by scrubbing at dry ice temperature (195 K). Permits the concentration of traces of all the less volatile polar compounds (water, alcohols, esters, acids, amines, etc.) in a small amount of liquid phase practically without any interference due to adsorption phenomena on the relatively small internal surfaces of the scrubbing absorber. This sampling technique permits the exact determination of all these polar compounds at contents greater than 0.01 mg/m^3, at normal temperature and pressure. Is also applicable to the determination of hydrocarbons with a higher boiling point (for example traces of oil in ethylene).

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ISO
ISO 8915:1987(Main)
Light olefins for industrial use - Determination of traces of chlorine - Wickbold combustion method

A gaseous or liquid test portion is aspirated into the oxygen-hydrogen flame of a burner where it is burned with considerable excess of oxygen. the liberated chlorine and hydrochloric acid are absorbed in hydrogen peroxide solution. The chloride ions are conductimetrically or potentiometrically titrated with a silver nitrate solution.

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ISO
ISO 8563:1987(Main)
Propylene and butadiene for industrial use - Sampling in the liquid phase

Describes the procedure and the precautions to be taken in drawing representative samples of the substances for the purpose of their analyses. It also sets out, in Annex A, a diagrammatic representation of a system for the disposal of the portion of the sample not used in the analysis, and, in Annex B, the sequence of operations for filling a sample cylinder.

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ISO
ISO 8173:1986(Main)
Light olefins for industrial use - Determination of molecular oxygen in gaseous phase - Electrochemical method with a membrane- covered cell

After sampling and preparation of the laboratory sample the gaseous test portion is passed at a given rate through an electrochemical cell previously calibrated with air or with standard mixtures containing a known amount of oxygen, and the concentration of oxygen in the gaseous olefin is measured. The method is applicable to light olefins having an oxygen content greater than 1 milliliter per cubicmeter.

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ISO
ISO 7382:1986(Main)
Ethylene for industrial use - Sampling in the liquid and the gaseous phase

Describes the procedure and the precautions to be taken in drawing representative samples of ethylene in the liquid phase stored at -100 °C and in the gaseous phase, for the purpose of their analysis excluding the determination of water content, other polar components and hydrocarbons heavier than C5. In an annex a diagrammatic representation is given of a system for the removal of the portion of the sample not used in the analysis.

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ISO
ISO 7381:1986(Main)
Butadiene for industrial use - Determination of oligomers - Gas chromatographic method

A liquid or a vaporized gaseous test portion is injected into a gas chromatography column. After passage of the test portion through this column the oligomers are separated. The detection is performed by flame ionization. The peaks obtained are compared with those derived from an external standard. The oligomers which may be present are: 4-vinyl cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclooctadiene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The method is applicable to butadiene having oligomer contents greater than 10 mg/kg.

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ISO
ISO 8175:1986(Main)
Propylene for industrial use - Determination of oligomers - Gas chromatographic method

A liquid sample obtained at low temperature is vaporized and then passed through a chromatographic column which permits the separation of the oligomers. The detection is performed by flame ionization an the peaks obtained are compared with those derived from an external standard. The method is applicable to propylene having propene dimers (hexenes) contents greater than 20mg/kg and propene trimers (nonenes) contents greater than 30 mg/kg.

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ISO
ISO 8176:1986(Main)
Butadiene for industrial use - Determination of active tert-butyl-catechol (TBC) (4- (1,1- dimethylethyl)-1,2-benzenediol) - High performance liquid chromatographic method

The active TBC in a test portion is extracted by mixing with a solution containing m-nitrophpenol (as the internal standard) and evaporating the butadiene. The TBC and m-nitrophenol are separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and detected by UV: The peak areas or peak heights are measured and the TBC content is determined by using a calibration graph. The polymerization inhibitor TBC can also be determined by a spectrometric method (ISO 6684) but that method is not able to differentiate between the active inhibitor and its oxidized, inactive form. The present method specifically measures the concentration of the active form of TBC. The method is applicable to butadiene having TBC contents in the range 0 to 250 mg/kg.

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ISO
ISO 6684:1982(Main)
Butadiene for industrial use - Determination of tert-butyl-catechol (TBC) (4- (1,1-dimethyl- ethyl)-1,2 benzenediol) - Spectrometric method

TBC is added as an oxidation inhibitor to 1,3-butadiene for industrial use. For the determination the inhibitor is separated from the butadiene by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in water and an excess of iron(III) chloride is added. The spectrometric measurement of the absorbance of the yellow-coloured complex is carried out at a wavelength of about 425 nm. The method is applicable to butadiene containing more than 50 mg TBC per kilogram.

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ISO
ISO 6792:1982(Main)
Butadiene for industrial use - Determination of oxygen and argon in the gaseous phase above liquid butadiene - Gas chromatographic method

The analysis is carried out with a gas chromatograph fitted with a thermal conductivity detector. It can be operated at two temperatures, either at - 78 degrees centigrade or at ambient temperature. At ambient temperature, oxygen and argon are not separate and the method thus only allows the total content of these two gases to be determined. When the operations are carried out at - 78 degrees centigrade, these two gases are separated.

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ISO
ISO 6793:1981(Main)
But-2-ene 1,4-diol for industrial use - Determination of iodine value

A test solution is treated with an excess of acidified potassium bromide-bromate solution in the presence of mercury(II) sulphate. After addition of potassium iodide solution the liberated iodine is titrated with standard volumetric sodium thiosulphate solution.

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ISO
ISO 6380:1981(Main)
Propylene for industrial use - Determination of hydrocarbon impurities - Gas chromatographic method

Covers a method based on the selection of a gas chromatography column allowing the separation of the impurities to be determined. A gaseous test portion is passed through this column and the peaks obtained are detected by flame ionization and compared with those derived from an external standard. Uses two types of columns, one for the determination of methane, ethane and acetylene (adsorption chromatography) and the other for the determination of the other impurities (gas/liquid partition chromatography).

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ISO
ISO 6377:1981(Main)
Light olefins for industrial use - Determination of impurities by gas chromatography - General considerations

Relates particularly to ethylene (ethene), propylene (propene) and butadiene (1,3-butadiene). Lists the apparatus to be used, describes sampling and procedure and provides information on the expression of results and the data to be included in the test report.

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ISO
ISO 6379:1981(Main)
Ethylene for industrial use - Determination of hydrocarbon impurities - Gas chromatographic method

Covers a method based on the selection of a gas chromatography column allowing the separation of the impurities to be determined. A gaseous test portion is passed through this column and the peaks obtained are detected by flame ionization and compared with those derived from an external standard. Columns and operating conditions having been found suitable for such a test are indicated in Annex A while Annex B lists the absolute retention times indicated in minutes. Annex C includes a typical chromatogram from an alumina column.

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