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71.080.40 - Organic acids

ICS 71.080.40 Details

Organic acids

Organische Sauren

Acides organiques

Organske kisline

General Information

Parent
71.080 - Organic chemicals

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 71.080.40 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Organic acids". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 131 standards classified under ICS 71.080.40 (Organic acids). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ASTM
ASTM D7884-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can affect the PET quality (such as contribute to fiber breaks), the polymerization process, and 4-CBA imparts coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
4.2 Determining the amount of 4-CBA and p-TOL remaining from the manufacture of PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool where these products are produced or are used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) and p-Toluic acid (p-TOL) in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method is applicable for 4-CBA and p- TOL with an upper limit of 500 mg/kg, respectively, but may be applicable to a wider range.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specification, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1240-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a revision of the method for measuring rosin acids content combines the three major ways of determining the rosin acids content of pine chemicals products into a single method.  
4.1.1 For materials containing less than 15 % rosin, the modified Glidden procedure has gained acceptance. For materials containing more than 15 % rosin the modified Wolfe Method is preferred. The modified Wolfe and modified Glidden procedures differ only in their details. They have been combined here into a single procedure. This procedure can be run using either a potentiometer or an internal indicator to determine the end point of the titration. Use of a potentiometer is preferred and is the referee method. Use of an internal indicator is the principal alternative method. They will be referred to as the Potentiometric Method and the Internal Indicator Method.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of rosin acids in tall oil, tall oil fatty acid, tall oil rosin, and other pine chemicals products.  
1.2 These test methods may not be applicable to adducts or derivatives of rosin, fatty acid, or other pine chemicals products.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5559-95(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps in Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps in sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity as free fatty acids existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by titrating the sample dissolved in a solvent. It is not applicable in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps or salts or other compounds that do not react neutral to phenolphthalein when dissolved in alcohol.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4416-09(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Acrylic Acid

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glacial acrylic acid (99.0% grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer and related products. The properties of the material shall be determined in accordance with the following test methods: purity; water; color; inhibitor; and dimer.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glacial acrylic acid2 (99.0 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer and related products.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3620-04(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Glacial Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glacial acetic acid for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products. Glacial acetic acid shall be tested for purity, freezing point, color, water content, iron content, acetaldehyde content, and formic acid content, and shall conform to the requirements of the specification. Test methods, sampling, and packaging shall be in accordance with ASTM standard methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glacial (99.8 %) acetic acid for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5310-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tar Acid Composition by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for the general quantitative analysis of commercial tar acid mixtures. It may be used as a tool for quality control and specification purposes by producers and users.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of phenol and certain homologues of phenol in tar acid and cresylic acid mixtures using capillary gas chromatography. It is a normalization test method that determines homolog distribution but is not an absolute assay since it does not account for water or other compounds not detected by a flame ionization detector.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8062-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) with Low p-Toluic Acid

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers purified terephthalic acid (PTA) for use in the production of polyesters for superfine denier fiber.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3334-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures acidity quantitatively. Very dilute aqueous solutions of low molecular mass organic acids, such as acetic acid, are highly corrosive to many metals.  
5.2 Acceptable levels of acidity in ethanol can vary with different specifications, but in general, it is below 200 mg/kg (ppm). Knowledge of the acidity can be required to establish whether the product quality meets specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidity as acetic acid in ethanol and ethanol solutions. This test method may be applied to ethanol samples containing very little water (dehydrated alcohols) to solutions with significant water (low proof ethanol samples). The solutions include denatured alcohols such as the U.S. denatured ethanol formulas defined in 27.CFR.Part 21. This test method is used for determining low levels of acidity, below 200 m⁄kg (ppm mass), with the exclusion of carbon dioxide.  
1.1.1 Procedure A—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by potentiometric titration. This is the referee method.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by color end point titration.  
1.2 The ethanol may be analyzed directly by this test method with minimal sample preparation.  
1.3 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipment.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7882-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Capillary Electrophoresis with Normal Voltage Mode

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process; and 4-CBA is also imparting coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
5.2 Determining the amount of 4-CBA and p-TOL remaining from the manufacture of PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control where these products are produced or used.  
5.3 This test method is intended as an alternative to the HPLC method for determination of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA. The major benefits of CE are speed, simplicity, reduced reagent consumption and operating costs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) and p-toluic acid (p-TOL) in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with normal voltage mode and UV detection. It is applicable for 4-CBA from 5 to 400 mg/kg and for p-TOL from 10 to 400 mg/kg, respectively.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7883-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Weak Anion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process, and 4-CBA is also imparting coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
4.2 Determining the amount of 4-CBA and p-TOL remaining from the manufacture of PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and could be used as an internal quality control tool where these products are produced or are used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) and p-Toluic acid (p-TOL) in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by weak anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method is applicable for 4-CBA from 2 to 500 mg/kg and for p-TOL from 10 to 500 mg/kg, respectively.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specification, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7881-20e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Capillary Electrophoresis with Reverse Voltage Mode

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process; and 4-CBA is also imparting coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
5.2 Determining the amount of 4-CBA and p-TOL remaining from the manufacture of PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control where these products are produced or used.  
5.3 This test method is intended as an alternative to the HPLC method for the determination of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA. The major benefits of CE are speed, simplicity, reduced reagent consumption, and operating costs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) and p-toluic acid (p-TOL) in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with reverse voltage mode and UV detection. It is applicable for 4-CBA from 3 to 400 mg/kg and for p-TOL from 8 to 400 mg/kg, respectively.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specification, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5317-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chlorinated phenoxyacid herbicides, and other organic acids are used extensively for weed control. Esters and salts of 2,4-D and silvex have been used as aquatic herbicides in lakes, streams, and irrigation canals. Phenoxy acid herbicides can be toxic even at low concentrations. For example, the 96 h, TLm for silvex is 2.4 mg/L for bluegills (1).8 These reasons make apparent the need for a standard test method for such compounds in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of selected chlorinated acids and other acidic herbicides in water. Similar chemicals may also be determined by this test method, but it is the user’s responsibility to verify the applicability of this test method to any compounds not listed in this scope. The acid form of the following compounds were interlaboratory tested using this test method, and the results were found acceptable:2    
Analyte  
Chemical Abstract Services
Registry Number  
Bentazon  
25057-89-0  
2,4-D  
94-75-7  
2,4-DB  
94-82-6  
DCPA acid metabolites 2  
Dicamba  
1918-00-9  
3,5-Dichlorobenzoic acid  
51-36-5  
Dichlorprop  
120-36-5  
5-Hydroxydicamba  
7600-50-2  
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)  
87-86-5  
Picloram  
1918-02-1  
2,4,5-T  
93-76-5  
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)  
93-72-1  
1.2 This test method may be applicable to the determination of salts and esters of analyte compounds. The form of each acid is not distinguished by this test method. Results are calculated and reported for each listed analyte as the total free acid.  
1.3 This test method has been validated in an interlaboratory test for reagent water and finished tap water. The analyst should recognize that precision and bias reported in Section 18 may not be applicable to other waters.  
1.4 This test method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the use of gas chromatography (GC) and in the interpretation of gas chromatograms. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this test method using the procedure described in 19.3. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.5 Analytes that are not separated chromatographically, that is, which have very similar retention times, cannot be individually identified and measured in the same calibration mixture or water sample unless an alternate technique for identification and quantitation exists (16.6, 16.7, and 16.8).  
1.6 When this test method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for any or all of the analytes given in 1.1, analyte identifications must be confirmed by at least one additional qualitative technique.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 6, 8, 9, and 10.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8032-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Terephthalic Acid by Color-Indicator Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An estimate of TA purity can be determined by titrating with KOH. As an index of TA purity, the acid number can be used as a guide in the quality control of TA production.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acid number of terephthalic acid (TA) by color-indicator titration. Acid number of TA product is usually within 674 to 676 mg KOH/g.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3852-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Phenol, Cresols, and Cresylic Acid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program and consultation with an appropriate SDS. The information provided cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice as provided in an appropriate SDS, but rather as a supplement to such advice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling phenol, cresols and cresylic acid in solid and liquid forms, including liquids at elevated temperatures, in a safe manner that represents and preserves quality. In general, this practice also applies to xylenols, and some other alkylated phenolic materials; however, specific information regarding these materials should be sought and used if available.  
1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific first aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and an appropriate SDS.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7976-14(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA)

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for purified terephthalic acid (PTA) used in the manufacturing of polymers, including the production of polyesters for fiber, filament, yarn, film, coating, bottle and resin applications. For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit. This specification covers properties and sampling of the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers purified terephthalic acid (PTA) for use in the manufacturing of polymers. Some examples include the production of polyesters for fiber, filament, yarn, film, coating, bottle and resin applications.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3546-05(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Formic Acid in Glacial Acetic Acid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for determining the formic acid content of glacial acetic acid by chemical means.  
4.2 Low molecular weight organic acids (such as acetic and propionic), aldehydes (including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde), ketones, and alcohols (including methyl alcohol) do not interfere with the test.  
4.3 Formic acid (and other reducing substances) may be present as a result of contamination during storage, distribution, and manufacture. This test method may be used in assessing compliance with a specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the formic acid (and other reducing substances) content of glacial acetic acid by oxidation with lead tetraacetate.2  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheets.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5560-95(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Neutral Fatty Matter Contained in Fats and Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the neutral fatty matter contained in fats and oils by means of ether extraction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers all degraded glycerides, since they are neutral fats. However, this procedure does not necessarily determine all the mono and diglycerides that may be present in the sample. This is due to the water soluble characteristics of some mono and diglycerides.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5562-95(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8130-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals in Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of metals in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they may speed up or slow down the reaction and be impurities in the final product.  
4.2 Determination of the metals in PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control where these products are produced or used.  
4.3 This test method covers the determination of sodium, chromium, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, molybdenum and calcium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of metal elements in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).This method is applicable to PTA samples containing sodium, chromium, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, molybdenum and calcium over 0.055 mg/kg, respectively.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specification, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4711-89(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sulfonic and Sulfuric Acids in Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Alkylbenzene sulfonic acids are important intermediates in the synthetic detergent industry and are defined under “alkyl benzene sulfonate” in Terminology D459. This test method is suitable for the rapid monitoring of the sulfonic and sulfuric acid levels, both of which have a vital bearing on final product performance and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of sulfonic and sulfuric acids in branched and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acids used as intermediates in synthetic detergents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

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ASTM
ASTM D8031-16(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Terephthalic Acid (TA) by Automatic Potentiometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An estimate of TA purity can be determined by titrating with KOH. As an index of TA purity, the acid number can be used as a guide in the quality control of TA production.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acid number in terephthalic acid (TA) by automatic potentiometric titration. As the index of TA purity, acid number is usually within 674 to 676 mg KOH/g.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM
ASTM D8207-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals in Purified Terephthalic Acid (PAT) by Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectrometry (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of metals in PAT used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they may speed up or slow down the reaction and be impurities in the final product.  
4.2 Determination of metals in PAT is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool where these products are produced or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, titanium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, sodium and nickel in purified terephthalic acid (PAT) by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) spectrometry. It is applicable to PAT samples containing sodium, chromium, cobalt, titanium, manganese, molybdenum and nickel over 0.004 mg/kg, and iron and aluminum over 0.054 mg/kg.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specification, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in 6.3, 6.10, 6.11, Section , and 9.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, titanium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, sodium and nickel in purified terephthalic acid (PAT) by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) spectrometry.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

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ASTM
ASTM E1616-08(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Acetic Anhydride Using Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2017)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides for the determination of assay and impurities in acetic anhydride. Acetic anhydride is used as an intermediate in many chemical processes. Its relative concentration affects the efficiency of these processes. This test method provides a test procedure for assay and impurity specification acceptance as well as manufacturing control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of assay and impurities in acetic anhydride by gas chromatography. The acetic anhydride should be at least 95 % pure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see Section 9.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the determination of assay and impurities in acetic anhydride by gas chromatography. The acetic anhydride should be at least 95 % pure.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in March 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D4415-05(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Dimer in Acrylic Acid (Withdrawn 2011)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods provide a measurement of the dimer content of acrylic acid. The results of this measurement can be used for specification purposes but must be on an as-shipped basis since the dimer content will vary with the age and the storage temperature of the acrylic acid.
SCOPE
1.1 Test Method A—Describes a chemical (titrametric) procedure for the determination of acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid. This procedure may be applicable to other unsaturated organic acids.
1.2 Test Method B—Describes a gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid. Other impurities may also be determined simultaneously.
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Test Method ADescribes a chemical (titrametric) procedure for the determination of acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid. This procedure may be applicable to other unsaturated organic acids. Test Method BDescribes a gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid. Other impurities may also be determined simultaneously.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in June 2011 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D3845-05(Specification)
Standard Specification for Glacial Methacrylic Acid (Withdrawn 2011)

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the properties and requirements for glacial methacrylic acid for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products. Specimens shall be appropriately sampled and tested, and shall adhere to specified requirements as to assay from total acidity by titration, weight, weight of water, color (Pt-Co scale), and inhibitor (methyl of hydroquinone).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glacial methacrylic acid (98.5 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers glacial methacrylic acid (98.5 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in June 2011 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM D1842-63(1998)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Distilled Corn Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers distilled fatty acids derived from corn oil; recovered corn oil usually is used.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers distilled fatty acids derived from corn oil; recovered corn oil usually is used.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in March 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D1841-63(1998)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Distilled Coconut Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers distilled fatty acids derived from coconut oil. Two types are covered as follows:  
1.1.1 Type I -Usually produced from raw coconut oil.  
1.1.2 Type II -Usually produced from recovered coconut oil.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers distilled fatty acids derived from coconut oil. Two types are covered as follows: Type I-usually produced from raw coconut oil and Type II-usually produced from recovered coconut oil.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in March 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D1843-63(1998)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fractionated and Distilled Cottonseed Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers distilled acids derived from cottonseed oil. Three types are covered as follows:  
1.1.1 Type I -Highly fractionated fatty acids usually produced from recovered cottonseed oil.  
1.1.2 Type II -Fractionated fatty acids usually produced from recovered cottonseed oil.  
1.1.3 Type III -Usually produced from recovered cottonseed oil.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers distilled acids derived from cottonseed oil. Three types are covered as follows: Type I-highly fractionated fatty acids usually produced from recovered cottonseed oil, Type II-fractionated fatty acids usually produced from recovered cottonseed oil, and Type III-usually produced from recovered cottonseed oil.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in March 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D2575-70(1998)(Test Method)
Standard Method for Testing Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 These methods cover selection and application of procedures for testing polymerized fatty acids specifying the use of other ASTM methods.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:  Section ASTM Method Terminology 3 ... Sampling 4 D 1466 Acid Value 5 D 1980 Saponification Value 6 D 1962 Unsaponifiable Matter 7 D 1965 Water, (Karl Fischer) 8 D 1364 Color, Gardner 9 D 1544
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover selection and application of procedures for testing polymerized fatty acids specifying the use of other ASTM methods.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in March 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D3627-96(2000)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color of Cresylic Acids ("C" Series Standards) (Withdrawn 2005)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of cresylic acids. The material under test is compared to arbitrary color standards that are expressed in terms of the "C" series color standards.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method for purposes of determining conformance with this standard. An observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right hand digit used in expressing limit, in accordance with the rounding off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the color of cresylic acids. The material under test is compared to arbitrary color standards that are expressed in terms of the "C" series color standards.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in July 2005. This standard is being withdrawn because the method is no longer used.

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ISO
ISO 1897-11:1983(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 11: Determination of crystallizing point (Excluding cresylic acid and xylenols)

The test may be carried out on products as received or on a dried sample. The method specified in ISO 2208 shall be applied for drying. The principle of the method consists in cooling the liquid or liquefied test portion and observation of the temperature during crystallization under defined conditions. A simplified crystallization point apparatus is given in the figure. It takes into account the properties of these products.

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ISO
ISO 1897-13:1983(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 13: Determination of residue on distillation (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)

Applicable to products having a high o-cresol content and a high m-cresol content. The principle consists in distillation of a tast portion under carefully defined conditions and determination of the mass of residue obtained. The distillation is carried out according to ISO 918. When all the water has distilled over, continue the distillation without intermediate measurements, until either the dry point or the final boiling point is reached.

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ISO
ISO 1897-12:1983(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 12: Determination of distillation characteristics (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)

The method is applicable to products having high cresol contents. The principle consists in distillation of a test portion inder carefully defined conditions. Either determination of the temperatures corresponding to the condensate volumes defined or determination of the volume condensate when the thermometer indicates each of the distillaton temperatures (i.e. plotting temperature as a function of volume or plotting volume as a function of temperature).

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ISO
ISO 753-3:1983(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 3: Determination of formic acid content - Iodometric method

Specifies the determination of total reducing matter and of reducing compounds other than formic acid. The principle consists in oxidation of formic acid and other reducing compounds in a test portion with an excess of sodium hypobromit solution. Determination of the excess sodium hypobromite by iodometry. Oxidation of reducing compounds other than formic acid with an excess of potassium bromide-bromate solution in an acid media. Determination of the excess potassium bromide-bromate by iodometry. Determination of the formic acid content from the difference between the two determinations. Is applicable to products having formic acid contents, between 0,02 % (m/m) and 0,35 % (m/m).

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ISO
ISO 753-5:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 5: Determination of total acetaldehyde content - Titrimetric method

The method specified consists in heating a test portion in an acid medium to depolymerize any to paraldehyde present and to entrain, by distillation, both regenerated acetaldehyde and the monomeric acetaldehyde originally present. Reaction of the acetaldehyde in the distillate with an excess of sodium hydrogen sulphite solution. Iodometric titration of the residual sodium hydrogen sulphite solution. The method is applicable to products having total acetaldehyde contents equal to or greater than 0,004 % (m/m). It has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ISO 753/1 to iso 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-8:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 8: Visual limit test for inorganic chlorides

Specifies a method for a visual comparison of the tubitity obtained by adding a silver nitrate solution to a solution of a test portion acidified with nitric acid, with that similary obtained from a chloride solution of known concentration. Using a test portion of 50 g, the method is applicable directly to products having inorganic chloride contents in the range 0,0005 % (m/m) to 0,05 % (m/m). This range can be extended by adjusting the mass of the test portion. It has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-1:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 1: General

Gives general instructions and also specifies the methods to be used for the determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath, for the determination of the crystallizing point (temperature) of glacial acetic acid, for the determination of water content, for the measurement of colour and for the determination of arsenic content. The method is applicable to products having acedic acid contents in the range 98 to 100 % (m/m). This International Standard has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemitry (IUPAC). International Standards ISO 753/1 to 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-10:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 10: Visual limit test for heavy metals (including iron)

The principle consists in conversion of heavy metals, such as lead, copper and iron, to their sulphides by treatment with sodium sulphide in ammoniacal solution, and visual comparison of the colour produced with that of a standard lead solution similarly treated. The method detects only the heavy metals present in non-complex form. Using a test portion of 25 g, the method is applicable directly to products having heavy metal contents in the range 0,00044 % (m/m) to 0,04 % (m/m). This range can be extended by adjusting the mass of the test portion. It has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-6:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 6: Determination of permanganate index

The principle consists in reaction of a test portion, under specified conditions, with an excess of potassium permanganate solution in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid. Iodometric titration of the residual potassium permanganate. The method is applicable to products having permanganate indexes equal to or greater than 10 mg/100 ml. It has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cacel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-2:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Method of test - Part 2: Determination of acetic acid content - Titrimetric method

The principle consists in titration of a test portion with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator. Calculation of the acid content, making allowance for any formic acid present, determined separately (see ISO 753/3). This International Standard has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). International Standards ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-4:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 4: Determination of acetaldehyde monomer content - Titrimetric method

The principle of the determination consists in reaction of the acetaldehyde present in a test portion with an excess of sodium hydrogen sulphite solution, and iodometric titration of the residual sodium hydrogen sulphite. The method is applicable to products having acetaldehyde monomer contents equal to or greater than 0,01 % (m/m). This International Standard as also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).International Standards ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-7:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 7: Determination of dichromate index

The principle consists in heating a test portion with an excess of potassium dichromate solution in the presence of sulphuric acid. Iodometric titration of the residual potassium dichromate. The method is applicable to products having dichromate inexes equal to or greater than 0,04 ml. It has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 753-9:1981(Main)
Acetic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 9: Visual limit test for inorganic sulphates

Specifies a method for a visual comparison of the turbitity obtained by adding a barium chloride solution to a solution of a test portion acidified with hydrochloric acid, with that similarly obtained from a sulphate solution of known concentration. Using a test portion of 100 g, the method is applicable directly to products having inorganic sulphate contents in the range 0,001 % (m/m) to 0,1 % (m/m). This range can be extended by adjusting the mass of the test portion. It has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ISO 753/1 to ISO 753/11 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 753-1968.

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ISO
ISO 1897-1:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 1: General

Gives also the procedure to be used for the determination of water content by the Karl Fischer method. This method is applicable only to liquefied phenol and m-cresol. The determination of density at 20 °C is applicable only to liquefied phenol, m-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols.

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ISO
ISO 1897-8:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 8: Determination of o-cresol content (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)

This method is the best available at the present time. It was primarily intended for samples containing 40 % (m/m) or more but has been extended to lower ranges. The principle is based on dehydration of a quantity of the test sample. Formation of a complex between o-cresol and cineole (having a crystallizing point not lower than 1,2 °C) by addition of excess cineole to a test portion of the dehydrated sample. Determination of the crystallizing point of the complex in a crystallizing point apparatus. Calculation of the content from the water content of the test sample and the crystallizing point of the complex. The relation between crystallizing point and o-cresol content of o-cresol/cineole mixtures is given in a table. ISO 1897/8 replaces ISO Recommendation R 1910-1971.

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ISO
ISO 1897-7:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 7: Measurement of colour (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)

Specifies a method for the comparison of the colour of a test portion against the colour of colorimetric standard colour matching solutions. The colour of cresols present in the test portion is liable to darken on keeping and on exposure to ligth. ISO 1897/7 replaces ISO Recommendation R 1909-1971.

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ISO
ISO 1897-3:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 3: Determination of neutral oils and pyridine bases

Specifies a volumetric method, after distillation, for determining of neutral oils, and a titrimetric method, after distillation, for determining of pyridine bases. The principle is based on distillation from an aqueous alkaline solution of a test portion. Measurement of the volume of neutral oils collected. Titration of the bases present in the aqueous distillate and in the oils with standard volumetric hydrochloric acid solution using methyl orange and xylene cyanol FF as indicator. An assembled distillation apparatus is shown in a figure.

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ISO
ISO 1897-2:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 2: Determination of water - Dean and Stark method

The principle of the method is based on distillation of a test portion in the presence of an appropriate solvent, in a Dean and Stark apparatus. Determination of the volume of condensate collected in the receiver tube, brought to ambient temperature, assuming this liquid to be water. An appropriate solvent is xylene, solvent naphtha or alternatively, toluene. ISO 1897-2 replaces ISO/R 1898-1971.

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ISO
ISO 1897-6:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 6: Test for absence of hydrogen sulphide (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)

simple test which cannot be used to obtain quantitative results. The principle of the method is based on formation of a brown colour on lead acetate paper due to reaction with any hydrogen sulphide present in a test portion. ISO 1897/6 replaces ISO Recommendation R 1908-1971.

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ISO
ISO 1897-9:1977(Main)
Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 9: Determination of m-cresol content (Cresylic acid only)

The method is applicable to a product containing 35 % (m/m) to 60 % (m/m) of m-cresol, not more than 5 % (m/m) of phenol, and not more than 35 % (m/m) of o-cresol. The principle is based on dehydration of a quantity of the test sample. Formation of a complex between m-cresol and urea by addition of excess urea to a test portion of the dehydrated sample. Determination of the crystallizing point of the complex in a crystallizing point apparatus. Calculation of the content from the water content of the test sample and the crystallizing point of the complex. The relation between crystallizing point and m-cresol content of m-cresol/urea mixtures is given in a table. ISO 1897/9 replaces ISO Recommendation R 1911-1971.

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