27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation

Thermal insulation products - Flexible microporous insulation for industrial applications - Specification

ISO 6324:2024(Main)

This document specifies the requirements for factory-made flexible microporous insulation (FMI), which is used for the thermal insulation of industrial applications. It specifies requirements for insulation that exhibits thermal insulating performance through nano-sized pore composite material comprising a blend of inorganic powder, fibres and opacifiers. The products are delivered as a flexible microporous type. This document describes product characteristics and includes procedures for testing, evaluation of conformity, marking and labelling. It does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application can be found in regulations or non-conflicting standards.

Standard
9 pages
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Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery

ASTM F683-23a(Practice)

ABSTRACT
This practice provides the design and dimensional details required for the proper selection of the type of, and correct installation procedures for, thermal insulation materials suitable for use on piping, machinery, and equipment employed in nonnuclear shipboard applications. The insulation and lagging requirements for the removable covers of valves, fittings, flanges, and machinery or equipment, as well as the requirements for thermal insulating tape, are also detailed completely.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of types and thicknesses of thermal insulation materials for piping, machinery, and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applications within the temperature ranges specified in Tables 1-16. Methods and materials for installation, including lagging, are also detailed.
1.2 This practice addresses operating temperatures from a low of –20 °F (–29 °C) up to 1200 °F (649 °C).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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27 pages
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27 pages
English language
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30-Nov-2023
27.220
F25

Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs

ASTM C680-23a(Practice)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Manufacturers of thermal insulation express the performance of their products in charts and tables showing heat gain or loss per unit surface area or unit length of pipe. This data is presented for typical insulation thicknesses, operating temperatures, surface orientations (facing up, down, horizontal, vertical), and in the case of pipes, different pipe sizes. The exterior surface temperature of the insulation is often shown to provide information on personnel protection or surface condensation. However, additional information on effects of wind velocity, jacket emittance, ambient conditions and other influential parameters may also be required to properly select an insulation system. Due to the large number of combinations of size, temperature, humidity, thickness, jacket properties, surface emittance, orientation, and ambient conditions, it is not practical to publish data for each possible case, Refs (7,8).
5.2 Users of thermal insulation faced with the problem of designing large thermal insulation systems encounter substantial engineering cost to obtain the required information. This cost can be substantially reduced by the use of accurate engineering data tables, or available computer analysis tools, or both. The use of this practice by both manufacturers and users of thermal insulation will provide standardized engineering data of sufficient accuracy for predicting thermal insulation system performance. However, it is important to note that the accuracy of results is extremely dependent on the accuracy of the input data. Certain applications may need specific data to produce meaningful results.
5.3 The use of analysis procedures described in this practice can also apply to designed or existing systems. In the rectangular coordinate system, Practice C680 can be applied to heat flows normal to flat, horizontal or vertical surfaces for all types of enclosures, such as boilers, furnaces, refrigerated chambers and building envelopes. In the cylindrical c...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat transfer conditions in field operations.
1.2 This practice is based on the assumption that the thermal insulation systems can be well defined in rectangular, cylindrical or spherical coordinate systems and that the insulation systems are composed of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned materials that reduce heat flow between two different temperature conditions.
1.3 Qualified personnel familiar with insulation-systems design and analysis should resolve the applicability of the methodologies to real systems. The range and quality of the physical and thermal property data of the materials comprising the thermal insulation system limit the calculation accuracy. Persons using this practice must have a knowledge of the practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems.
1.4 The computer program that can be generated from the algorithms and computational methodologies defined in this practice is described in Section 7 of this practice. The computer program is intended for flat slab, pipe and hollow sphere insulation systems.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

Standard
43 pages
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43 pages
English language
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31-Oct-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C1289-23a(Specification)

Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as nonstructural panels useful in building construction. The materials are classified as follows: Types I, II, III, IV, and V. Under Type I are Classes 1 and 2. Under Type II are Classes 1, 2, and 3. Under Type II Class 1 are Grades 1, 2, and 3. Rigid polyisocyanurate thermal insulation boards shall be based upon the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol, or the reaction of an isocyanate with itself, or both, using a catalyst and blowing agents to form a rigid closed-cell-structured polyisocyanurate foam. The insulation foam core shall be homogeneous and of uniform density. The following test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: conditioning; thermal resistance; compressive strength; dimensional stability; flexural strength; tensile strength perpendicular to board surface; water absorption; and water vapor transmission.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation boards are intended for use at temperatures between −40 and 200°F (−40 and 93°C). This specification does not cover cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as non-structural panels useful in building construction. The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific product information provided by board manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on determining wind pressure resistance of panels when required for wall sheathing applications.
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 2: For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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9 pages
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31-Aug-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C461-23(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor retarder finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:
Section
Sampling
4
Uniformity and Storage Stability
5
Stability Under Freezing
6
Density and Weight per Gallon
7
Consistency
8
Solids Content
9
Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings
10
Sag Resistance (Build)
11
Drying Time
12
Flash Point
13
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3 pages
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3 pages
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31-Aug-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C488-16(2023)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Finishes for Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.
5.2 This test method recognizes that differing geographical locations, environmental conditions, differences between surface temperatures and ambient temperatures, and test durations have extremely varied effects upon the test results.
5.3 This test method is to be used for comparative qualitative testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.
Note 1: For testing free plastic films, see Practice D1435.
1.2 This test method does not prescribe the method of application, test duration, or inspection intervals.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
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31-Aug-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C665-23(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Typical mineral-fiber thermal insulation is classified into the following types, classes, and categories: Type I; Type II (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)); and Type III (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)). The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions; thermal resistance; surface burning characteristics; critical radiant flux; water vapor permeance; water vapor sorption; odor emission; corrosiveness; and fungi resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
11.1 This specification applies to products that are used in buildings. While products that comply with this specification are used in various constructions, they are adaptable primarily, but not exclusively, to wood frame construction.
11.2 Since the property of thermal resistance for a specific thickness of blanket is only part of the total thermal performance of a building element such as a wall, ceiling, floor, and so forth, this specification states only general classifications for thermal resistance of the fibrous blanket itself. Facings that provide additional resistance to water-vapor transfer can affect system performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6 pages
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6 pages
English language
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30-Apr-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C795-08(2023)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4 pages
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30-Apr-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C1134-23(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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6 pages
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28-Feb-2023
27.220
C16

ASTM C686-17(2023)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Parting Strength of Mineral Fiber Batt- and Blanket-Type Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4 pages
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28-Feb-2023
27.220
C16

SIST EN ISO 9288:2022(Main)

Thermal insulation - Heat transfer by radiation - Vocabulary (ISO 9288:2022)

EN ISO 9288:2022

This document defines physical quantities and other terms in the field of thermal insulation relating to heat transfer by radiation.

Standard
31 pages
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13-Feb-2022
10-Oct-2022
01.060
27.220
91.120.10
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Thermal insulation - Heat transfer by radiation - Vocabulary (ISO 9288:2022)

EN ISO 9288:2022(Main)

SIST EN ISO 9288:2022

This document defines physical quantities and other terms in the field of thermal insulation relating to heat transfer by radiation.

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13-Sep-2022
01.060
27.220
CEN/TC 89

ASTM C667-17(2022)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Aug-2022
27.220
C16

Thermal insulation - Heat transfer by radiation - Vocabulary

ISO 9288:2022(Main)

This document defines physical quantities and other terms in the field of thermal insulation relating to heat transfer by radiation.

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ASTM C302-13(2022)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density measurements of preformed pipe insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density; however, on a density basis, these properties are not directly comparable with those for other kinds of material.
5.2 The physical dimensions of preformed pipe insulation are important quantities not only for determining the density of the pipe insulation but also for determining the conformance to specifications. The use of multilayer insulations is common, and the dimensions are necessary to ensure proper nesting of the layers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dimensions and density, after conditioning, of preformed pipe insulation.
1.1.1 Procedure A is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering or to sections of segmental pipe covering that can be joined together concentrically and measured as one-piece.
1.1.2 Procedure B is applicable to segmental pipe covering where each section of material is measured.
1.1.3 Procedure C is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering, such as soft foam or mineral wool materials, where it is possible to penetrate the material.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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30-Apr-2022
27.220
C16

ASTM C592-22a(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber blanket insulation and blanket-type pipe insulation (metal-mesh covered) (industrial type). Mineral fiber metal-mesh covered blanket shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form, bonded with or without an organic binder, and secured with metallic supporting facing(s). Types of facings for one or both sides of blanket units shall be specified. When both sides are to be faced, units are permitted to have the same or different types on the two sides. Each piece of metal-mesh covered insulation shall be coherent to permit handling/transportation and installation as a unit. A detectable odor of objectionable nature recorded by more than two of the five panel members shall constitute rejection of the material. When tested and evaluated, the corrosion resulting from the unfaced insulation blanket in contact with metal plates shall be judged to be no greater than comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. The averaged maximum shot content of mineral fiber rock or slag type products shall not exceed 30 % by weight. When tested, the blanket insulation shall not warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. When tested, the blanket mid-point temperature shall not at any time exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 100°F (55.5°C). When tested, the blanket insulation shall not exceed the recorded temperature rise more than 54°F (30°C) with no flaming and weight loss exceeding 5 %.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) metal mesh covered and industrial type blanket and blanket-type pipe insulation (typically on 24 in. (610 mm) diameters or larger)). Its use is for cooled surfaces at temperatures operating below ambient to 0°F (−18°C) and on heated surfaces on expansion joints to large diameter vessels and tanks operating at temperatures up to 1200°F (649°C). Specific applications outside the actual use temperatures shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarder properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to applications or performance.
1.3 The orientation of the fibers within the blanket is primarily parallel to the heated surface. This specification does not cover fabricated pipe and tank wrap insulation where the insulation has been cut and fabricated to provide fiber orientation that is perpendicular to the heated surface.
1.4 This standard does not purport to provide the performance requirements of hourly-rated fire systems. Consult the manufacturer for the appropriate system.
1.5 See Supplementary Requirements for modifications to sections in this standard only when specified by purchaser in the contract or order from the U.S. Military specifications utilized by the U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Navy, and the Naval Systems Command.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internatio...

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9 pages
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30-Apr-2022
27.220
C16

Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing

ASTM C585-22(Practice)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.
4.3 The wide range of outer diameter dimensional tolerances will prevent many pipe and tube insulations from nesting for staggered joints or double layered applications, or both unless specified when ordered from the manufacturer, distributor, or fabricator.
4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Location
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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30-Apr-2022
27.220
C16

ASTM C1290-16(2021)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used to Externally Insulate HVAC Ducts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for composition, size, dimensions, and physical properties of flexible glass blanket, ductwrap intended for use to insulate HVAC ducts. The basic materials shall be fibers manufacture from glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form. Bonded fibers formed into flexible blank rolls shall consist the insulation. Materials shall conform to physical requirements such as thermal resistance, surface burning characteristics, hot surface performance, water vapor permeance, water vapor sorption, odor emission, corrosiveness, and fungi resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, size, dimensions, and physical properties of flexible fiber glass blanket, ductwrap, used to externally insulate HVAC ducts used for the distribution of condition air within the temperature range of 35°F (1.7°C) and 250°F (121°C).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 When the installation and use of thermal insulation materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety and health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods, Section 13, in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Aug-2021
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C16

ASTM C1685-15(2021)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, thermal performance, sound absorption performance, and physical properties of high-temperature fiber thermal insulation for use at temperatures from ambient to 3000°F (1649°C).
1.2 The dry, loose high-temperature fibers shall be pneumatically conveyed to a chamber where they are mixed with a water-based chemical binder and then conveyed to a nozzle.
1.3 The pneumatically applied, high-temperature fiber insulation is intended for use in industrial applications on flat, or nearly flat, surfaces. It is not intended for use on pipes.
1.4 This specification addresses the use performance of this material in both thermal and acoustical applications.
1.5 This specification does not address the requirements for fire-resistive insulation, but it does not preclude this material’s use in that capacity.
1.6 This is a material specification only and is not intended to cover methods of application that are provided by the manufacturer.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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28-Feb-2021
27.220
C16

ASTM C1427-21(Specification)

Standard Specification for Extruded Preformed Flexible Cellular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for two grades of extruded preformed flexible cellular polyolefin thermal insulation. Physical properties of preformed flexible cellular polyofelin thermal insulation which are mandatory for thermal design are also covered. Properties such as density and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) have been deemed nonmandatory for thermal design. The thermal insulation shall comply with physical requirements. Such physical requirements include thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability, and linear shrinkage and shall be determined by test methods specified here.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers extruded preformed flexible cellular polyolefin thermal insulation operating temperatures from –150°F to 200°F (–101°C to 93°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification are governed by codes and standards that address fire performance. Contact manufacturer for specific performance of product at the intended use thickness.
1.3 This specification covers the physical properties of preformed flexible cellular polyolefin thermal insulation, which have been deemed mandatory for thermal design. Physical properties such as density and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) have been deemed nonmandatory for thermal design. Nonmandatory physical properties have been included in Appendix X1 for information purposes only.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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28-Feb-2021
27.220
C16

Thermal insulation — Test method for thermal diffusivity — Periodic heat method

ISO 21901:2021(Main)

This document specifies a periodic heat method for measurement of the thermal diffusivity of thermal insulation material in the shape of a flat plate.

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Thermal insulation - Vocabulary (ISO 9229:2020)

EN ISO 9229:2020(Main)

SIST EN ISO 9229:2020

This document provides a vocabulary of terms used in the field of thermal insulation that covers materials, products, components and applications. Some of the terms can have a different meaning when used in other industries or applications.

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ASTM F3319-20(Specification)

Standard Specification for Selection and Application of Field-Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for the design of thermal insulation systems for cryogenic piping and equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled ship applications. Methods and materials for installation, including jacketing and vapor retarders, are also detailed.
1.2 The pipe and equipment operating temperature range addressed by this specification is from a temperature no warmer than –259°F (–162°C) to all temperatures colder.
1.3 These types of piping systems typically have a small diameter: 3 in. (80 mm) NPS and smaller. However, this specification is not limited to pipes that small.
1.4 This specification does not address the thermal insulation on either LNG fuel tanks or factory installed, pre-insulated pipe insulation assemblies.
1.5 The design of removable/reusable insulation systems is not addressed in this specification.
1.6 Structural design and physical strength of insulation systems are not addressed in this specification. However, the securement of jacketing systems is addressed.
1.7 For above ambient pipe and equipment not carrying LNG, see Practice F683 for insulation practices.
1.8 Insulation system weight is not a design criterion considered in this specification.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Oct-2020
27.220
F25

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids

ASTM D5372-20(Guide)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Aug-2020
27.220
D02

SIST EN ISO 9229:2020(Main)

Thermal insulation - Vocabulary (ISO 9229:2020)

EN ISO 9229:2020

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Thermal insulation - Vocabulary

ISO 9229:2020(Main)

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ASTM C209-20(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods contained in this document are intended for cellulosic fiber insulating board as described in Specification C208. These test methods examine mechanical, physical and thermal properties, properties related to water absorption and water vapor exposure, and flammability related properties.
4.2 The results of these tests are suitable to describe the performance of insulating board and are also suitable for use in material specifications.
Note 1: Committee C-16 is in the process of splitting this document into discrete test methods categorized by the nature of the test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover those insulation products in specified Specification C208. The requirements for the products’ physical properties are specified in Specification C208. The methods for the general insulation products’ physical properties are given as follows:
Section
Thickness
7
Size of Finished Board
8
Thermal Conductivity
9
Transverse Strength
10
Deflection at Specified Minimum Load
11
Tensile Strength Parallel to Surface
12
Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Surface
13
Water Absorption
14
Linear Expansion
15
Water Vapor Transmission
16
Flame Spread Index
17
Moisture Content and Density
18
Compressive Strength
19
1.2 Reference is provided to an established source for nomenclature and definitions.
1.3 Several of the test methods contained in this document are referenced by material specifications other than cellulosic fiber insulating board. These include mineral fiber, perlite, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene and phenolic materials.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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14-Mar-2020
27.220
C16

Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems

ASTM C1696-20(Guide)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When choosing a thermal insulation product or combination of products, physical, chemical and mechanical properties and the significance of those properties should be considered. ASTM test methods are usually performed under laboratory conditions and may not accurately represent field conditions depending on process temperature, environment, and operating conditions. Performance results obtained using ASTM test methods can be used to determine compliance of materials to specifications but do not necessarily predict installed performance. Values stated in the ASTM material standards are those that apply to the majority of materials and not to any specific product; other tested values may exist for specific material applications.
4.2 Design of thermal insulation systems requires the understanding of process requirements, temperature control, heat loss criteria, control of thermal shock, and mechanical forces on insulation generated by thermal gradients and wind environmental conditions. Sometimes, the mechanical design of piping and equipment needs to be modified to support insulation adequately and provide for insulation weatherproofing. Process requirements may dictate the control of critical temperature to prevent freezing, maintain viscosity, or minimize internal corrosion. When handling heat transfer fluids such as ethylene oxide or hot oils, the selection of insulation materials and the insulation system design becomes critical. whereby If these fluids are absorb in insulation materials, the fluid flash point could be below the fluid operating temperature. Specified heat gain or heat loss and acceptable surface temperatures could also dictate thermal design of insulation systems. Environmental corrosivity, high wind, and extreme ambient temperatures affect the selection of weatherproofing and methods of its securement. A combination of these factors plays a significant role in the selection of insulation materials and application methods to provide long-l...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on selection of insulation materials, systems design, application methods, protective coverings, guarantees, inspection, testing, and maintenance of thermal insulation primarily for industrial applications in a temperature range of –320 to 1200°F (–195.5 to 648.8°C).
1.2 This guide is intended to provide practical guidelines, by applying acceptable current practice while indicating the basic principles by which new materials can be assessed and adapted for use under widely differing conditions. Design engineers, the general contractors, the fabricators, and the insulation contractors will find this guide helpful.
1.3 Although some insulation system designs can serve as fire protection, this guide does not address the criteria specific to that need. API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems is recommended as a reference for fire protection. This guide will however address the fire properties of insulation materials.
1.4 This guide is not intended for commercial, architectural, acoustical, marine, vehicle transport, or military use.
1.5 This guide does not address insulation system design for refractory linings or cold boxes whereby these are typically package units and of a proprietary insulation design.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

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36 pages
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29-Feb-2020
27.220
C16

ASTM C421-08(2020)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several test methods for measuring mass loss by abrasion and impact of preformed block-type and preformed pipe-covering-type thermal insulation have been used previously. It is believed that no single test method completely covers all factors involving such forces for different kinds of materials, but this test method is intended to provide a procedure that gives reproducible results. It is used for comparing the mass loss by tumbling before and after a specific treatment of the insulation, as agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass loss of preformed block-type and preformed pipe-covering-type thermal insulation as a result of a combination of abrasion and impact produced by a laboratory tumbling mechanism.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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29-Feb-2020
27.220
C16

ASTM C1393-19(Specification)

Standard Specification for Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks

ABSTRACT
This specification covers perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation for use on the flat, curved, or round surfaces of pipes and tanks. The orientation of the rock, slag, or glass fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface. Materials covered in this specification do not include flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface. In low-temperature applications, properly installed protective vapor retarders should be used to prevent water vapor from moving through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. The materials are classified into six types according to the maximum use temperature and maximum apparent thermal conductivity and into two categories according to minimum compressive resistance. Samples taken from the materials should be tested according to the recommended procedures and should conform to the required values of corrosiveness to steel, stress corrosion to austenitic stainless steel, shot content, maximum use temperature, maximum exothermic temperature rise, and compressive resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F (538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically used on nominal 24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces. For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and diameters shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface (parallel to heat flow). This specification does not apply to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders must be used in below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarders properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to application or performance.
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use for the products of the company and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm...

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31-Oct-2019
23.020.10
27.220
C16

ASTM C929-14(2019)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Handling, Transporting, Shipping, Storage, Receiving, and Application of Thermal Insulation Materials For Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Insulations that are used as a part of the thermal insulation system in contact with austenitic stainless steels have the potential to become contaminated with water soluble corrosive ions which, in turn, if permitted to reach the stainless steel surface, are possible to contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC). Therefore, it is important to reduce the exposure of such insulating materials to water-soluble corrosive ion compounds at all stages of manufacture, handling, shipping, storage, and application. During manufacture, precautions shall be taken to minimize water soluble corrosive ion content, both in the material and as surface contamination. Once the manufacture is complete, care must be exercised during handling, transporting, shipping, storage, receiving, and application to avoid contamination with corrosive ions that can be transported by water through the insulation materials onto the stainless steel surface. This practice presents criteria which, if followed, will minimize the risks of ESCC associated with the application of insulation materials. It must be emphasized, however, that because of the many variable factors present, complete freedom from ESCC can not be assured under all circumstances, even when following the guidance of this practice.
4.2 Continued protection of the insulation and the stainless steel surface from moisture and contamination after the insulation system is installed and over its entire service life is of significant importance. In-service contamination has the potential to occur from many sources; for example, from airborne contaminates, rain or salt spray, periodic fire sprinkler system tests, wash-downs, or process leakage. Weather barrier jacketing systems and proper application shall be chosen to provide long-term protection in the intended use environment.
4.3 The entire insulation system shall be periodically inspected and maintained. Insulation that is suspected of contamination shall be retested...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide guidance and direction in the handling, transporting, shipping, storage, receiving, and application of thermal insulating materials to be used as a surface treatment or as part of the thermal insulation system in contact with austenitic stainless steel.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Aug-2019
27.220
C16

Thermal performance of buildings and building components - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:2018)

EN ISO 7345:2018(Main)

SIST EN ISO 7345:2018

ISO 7345:2018 defines physical quantities used in the thermal performance of buildings and building elements, and gives the corresponding symbols and units.
NOTE Because the scope of this document is restricted to thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, some of the definitions it contains differ from those given ISO 80000-5.

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Standard Practice for Fabrication of Thermal Insulating Fitting Covers for NPS Piping, and Vessel Lagging

ASTM C450-18(Practice)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This system of dimensions provides a guide for forming thermal insulation in advance of field application. Forming is done by cutting, grinding, milling, or molding, depending upon the method most suitable for the thermal insulation being fabricated. It is equally applicable for all service temperature ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of dimensions of preformed pipe insulation that shall be used in fabricating insulation covers for use on valves, ells, tees, flanges, and vessels in the pressure range from 150 to 1500 psi (1 to 10 MPa). These tables, which are part of this standard, are published separately as the ASTM Recommended Dimensional Standards for Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Fitting Covers for NPS Piping and Vessel Lagging. In addition, the ADJC0450A tables for Short Radius (SR) and Long Radius (LR) Elbows Insulation Fitting Covers for piping are included in this practice. The tables were developed to provide dimensions for shop fabrication use in forming pipe insulation fitting covers on NPS pipe operating at high temperature and low temperature. The tables also include dimensions for use in forming thermal insulation into curved segments, and lagging, for application on vessels. This practice does not apply to reflective-type insulation, insulation on screwed elbows, Short Radius (SR) and Long Radius (LR) Elbows Fitting Covers for tubing, dutchman (extended leg) insulation fitting covers, double-layered staggered-joint pipe insulation fitting covers, flexible preformed pipe-tube elastomeric foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C534/C534M or polyolefin foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C1427.
1.1.1 Refer to Guide C1710 when referring to insulation materials for fabrication of preformed flexible closed cell insulated 90° elbows, tees, or similar products.
1.2 This practice does not specify fabrication methods. Thermal insulation for fitting covers is formed by numerous fabrication methods. In general, insulations are cut by circular or band saws, shaped by grinders or millers, or molded/preformed. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the material to be formed, number of cuts required, material waste permissible, and quantity of fittings being produced. Fitting parts are assembled using adhesives and fabrication cements applied using dip pots, rollers, doctor blades, brush, or trowel, depending upon the materials being used. Any specification of the fabrication techniques is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. In a few parts of this practice, the values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The dimensional standard tables with fractional inch-pound (I.P.) system provided from the adjunct and in this document’s tables are currently not available in decimal and metric equivalents.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Mar-2018
27.220
C16

Thermal performance of buildings and building components - Physical quantities and definitions

ISO 7345:2018(Main)

ISO 7345:2018 defines physical quantities used in the thermal performance of buildings and building elements, and gives the corresponding symbols and units. NOTE Because the scope of this document is restricted to thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, some of the definitions it contains differ from those given ISO 80000-5.

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Measurement of apparent thermal conductivity of wet porous building materials by a periodic method

ISO 16957:2016(Main)

ISO 16957:2016 describes a method of measuring the thermal conductivity (diffusivity) of a wet porous building material and a method of evaluating the measurement uncertainty. While ISO 10051 is the current International Standard, based on a steady-state method, ISO 16957:2016 proposes a method that makes use of a non-steady-state method which uses a small temperature change with a short period as an input. Along with the measurement, an evaluation of the measurement uncertainty is described, which makes possible a simple and practical measuring method. ISO 16957:2016 intends to measure the apparent (effective) thermal conductivity, including latent heat transfer caused by vapour movement. The situation in which moisture and/or air movement occur due to convection or gravity is excluded. The application of ISO 16957:2016 to high moisture content is excluded so that the gravity effect can be neglected. ISO 16957:2016 can be applied to a porous material heavier than about 100 kg/m3, in which radiative heat transfer can be neglected. It specifies the following: a) a non-steady-state method of measuring thermal conductivity; b) an approximation formula for the measurement uncertainty caused by moisture movement and nonuniform moisture distribution (and, thus, a determination of the measuring conditions that satisfy the upper limit of measurement uncertainty); c) an estimate of the heat transfer caused by moisture (vapour) movement.

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21 pages
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Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)

EN ISO 23993:2010(Main)

SIST EN ISO 23993:2011

ISO 23993:2008 gives methods to calculate design thermal conductivities from declared thermal conductivities for the calculation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations.
These methods are valid for operating temperatures from -200 °C to +800 °C.
The conversion factors, established for the different influences, are valid for the temperature ranges indicated in the relevant clauses or annexes.

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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011(Main)

Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)

EN ISO 23993:2010

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08-Sep-2010
03-Feb-2011
27.220
91.100.60
305/2011
89/106/EEC
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ISO 8301:1991/Amd 1:2010(Amendment)

Thermal insulation - Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties - Heat flow meter apparatus - Amendment 1

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Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Calcium silicate products

ISO 8143:2010(Main)

ISO 8143:2010 specifies the requirements for factory-made calcium silicate products which are used for thermal insulation of industrial installations and building equipment with an operating temperature of up to approximately +1 100 °C. NOTE Calcium silicate products can be used at temperatures lower than 0 °C. For operating temperatures below 0 °C, special tests, regarding the suitability of the product in the intended application, are advised (e.g. liquefaction of oxygen). It is advisable to seek the advice of the manufacturer(s) in all cases. The products are manufactured in the form of boards, pipe sections, segments and prefabricated ware. ISO 8143:2010 describes product characteristics and includes procedures for testing, evaluation of conformity, marking and labelling. Products covered by ISO 8143:2010 are also used in prefabricated thermal insulation systems and composite panels; the structural performance of systems incorporating these products is not covered.

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Hygrothermal performance of buildings and building materials - Physical quantities for mass transfer - Vocabulary (ISO 9346:2007)

EN ISO 9346:2007(Main)

SIST EN ISO 9346:2008

ISO 9346:2007 defines physical quantities and other terms in the field of mass transfer relevant to buildings, building elements and systems, building components and building materials. For physical quantities the standard also gives the corresponding symbols and units.

Standard
34 pages
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30-Sep-2007
29-Apr-2008
01.060
27.220
305/2011
89/106/EEC
CEN/TC 89

Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity

ISO 23993:2008(Main)

ISO 23993:2008 gives methods to calculate design thermal conductivities from declared thermal conductivities for the calculation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations. These methods are valid for operating temperatures from -200 °C to +800 °C. The conversion factors, established for the different influences, are valid for the temperature ranges indicated in the relevant clauses or annexes.

Standard
31 pages
English language
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Standard
31 pages
English language
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Standard
31 pages
French language
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Standard
31 pages
French language
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Hygrothermal performance of buildings and building materials - Physical quantities for mass transfer - Vocabulary

ISO 9346:2007(Main)

Standard
26 pages
English language
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SIST ISO 10051:1997(Main)

Thermal insulation -- Moisture effects on heat transfer -- Determination of thermal transmissivity of a moist material

ISO 10051:1996

Specifies a method to determine the thermal transmissivity of a moist material ( lambda ) under steady-state moisture conditions, i. e. not affected by moisture movement.

Standard
19 pages
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Standard
19 pages
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30-Nov-1997
27.220
TOP

SIST EN ISO 8990:1997(Main)

Thermal insulation - Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties - Calibrated and guarded hot box (ISO 8990:1994)

EN ISO 8990:1996

Lays down the principles for the design of the apparatus and minimum requirement that shall be met for determination of the laboratory steady-state thermal transmission properties of building components and similar components for industrial use. Does not specify a particular design. Describes also the apparatus, measurement technique and necessary data reporting. Primarily intended for laboratory measurements of large, inhomogeneous specimens. Does not provide for measurements where there is mass transfer through the specimen during the test.

Standard
22 pages
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Thermal insulation -- Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties -- Guarded hot plate apparatus

SIST ISO 8302:1997(Main)

ISO 8302:1991

Defines the use of the guarded hot plate method to measure the steady-state heat transfer through flat slab specimens and the calculation of its heat transfer properties. Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B, C and D are for information only.

Standard
47 pages
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Standard
47 pages
English language
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Standard
47 pages
French language
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30-Nov-1997
27.220
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SIST EN ISO 9251:1997(Main)

Thermal insulation - Heat transfer conditions and properties of materials - Vocabulary (ISO 9251:1987)

EN ISO 9251:1995

Defines terms used in the field of thermal insulation to describe heat transfer conditions, such as steady state, non-steady state, periodic state, transient state and heat transfer, and properties of materials.

Standard
5 pages
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SIST EN ISO 8497:1997(Main)

Thermal insulation - Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties of thermal insulation for circular pipes (ISO 8497:1994)

EN ISO 8497:1996

Specifies apparatus performance requirements, but does not specify apparatus design. Applies to circular pipes, generally operating at temperatures above ambient. The type of specimen, temperatures and test conditions to which the standard applies are specified in the standard in detail.

Standard
19 pages
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Thermal insulation -- Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties -- Heat flow meter apparatus

SIST ISO 8301:1997(Main)

ISO 8301:1991

Defines the use of the heat flow meter method to measure the steady-state heat transfer through flat slab specimens and the calculation of its heat transfer properties. Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B, C, D and E are for information only.

Standard
38 pages
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Standard
38 pages
English language
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Standard
38 pages
French language
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Standard
38 pages
French language
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30-Nov-1997
27.220
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Thermal insulation - Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties of thermal insulation for circular pipes (ISO 8497:1994)

EN ISO 8497:1996(Main)

SIST EN ISO 8497:1997

Standard
19 pages
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20-Aug-1996
27-Feb-1997
27.220
305/2011
89/106/EEC
M/103
CEN/TC 89