oSIST prEN ISO 27281:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2025
Varnostne zahteve - Sistemi za pranje vozil (ISO/DIS 27281:2025)
Safety requirements - Vehicle washing systems (ISO/DIS 27281:2025)
Sicherheitsanforderungen - Fahrzeugwaschanlagen (ISO/DIS 27281:2025)
Exigences de sécurité - Systèmes de lavage de véhicules (ISO/DIS 27281:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 27281
ICS:
43.180 Diagnostična, vdrževalna in Diagnostic, maintenance and
preskusna oprema test equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 27281
ISO/TC 115
Safety requirements - Vehicle
Secretariat: AFNOR
washing systems
Voting begins on:
Exigences de sécurité — Systèmes de lavage de véhicules
2025-07-29
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 43.180
2025-10-21
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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Reference number
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 27281
ISO/TC 115
Safety requirements - Vehicle
Secretariat: AFNOR
washing systems
Voting begins on:
Exigences de sécurité — Systèmes de lavage de véhicules
ICS: 43.180 Voting terminates on:
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2025
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
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BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
Contents Page
European foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 List of hazards. 5
5 Safety requirements and safety measures . 5
5.1 General safety requirements .5
5.1.1 Shearing and crushing points at power-operFated movable parts .5
5.1.2 Tripping and twisting points .5
5.1.3 Gears and sprocket wheels .6
5.1.4 Belt and rope drives .6
5.1.5 Supporting means .6
5.1.6 Horizontal and vertical system components .6
5.1.7 Guides/guide pulleys .6
5.1.8 Guiding system.6
5.1.9 Positioning system .6
5.1.10 Wall and ceiling rails .7
5.1.11 Ground rails .7
5.1.12 Protruding components .7
5.1.13 Accessible covers .7
5.1.14 Treads .7
5.1.15 Vehicle wheel guides .7
5.1.16 Vehicle displacement devices .7
5.1.17 Liquid jets at vehicle wash systems.7
5.1.18 Monitoring .8
5.1.19 Electrical equipment .8
5.1.20 Fluid hydraulics equipment .8
5.1.21 Fluid pneumatics equipment .8
5.1.22 Control devices.8
5.1.23 Actuators of control devices .8
5.1.24 Actuators for limit switches .9
5.1.25 Supply disconnecting devices .9
5.1.26 Emergency stop equipment .9
5.1.27 Automatic safeguard .9
5.1.28 Electrical cables .9
5.1.29 Noise reduction . . .9
5.1.30 Hot surfaces .10
5.1.31 Surfaces and edges .10
5.1.32 Washing additives .11
5.2 Additional requirements for systems for the cleaning of rail vehicles .11
5.2.1 Slewing platforms .11
5.2.2 Rigid platforms .11
5.2.3 Overhead contact line .11
5.3 Additional requirements for roll-over wash systems .11
5.3.1 Final positions of the travel area .11
5.3.2 Toppling safeguard .11
5.3.3 Driving wheels of the travelling mechanisms .11
5.3.4 Front surface of the travelling mechanisms .11
5.3.5 Crushing points at wheel guides . 12
5.3.6 Operator cabins for roll-over wash systems for special vehicles. 12
5.4 Additional requirements for vehicle wash tunnels and vehicle conveying systems . 12
5.4.1 Drawing-in points . 12

iii
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
5.4.2 Horizontal deflection of the conveyor chain . 12
5.4.3 Vertical deflection of the conveyor chain . 12
5.4.4 Enclosures for the entry and exit openings . 12
5.4.5 Nip points of the conveyor chain . 12
5.4.6 Protection against unauthorized access . 13
5.5 Additional requirements for manually movable vehicle wash systems . 13
5.5.1 Stability . 13
5.5.2 Tripping points . 13
5.5.3 Control system . 13
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures .13
6.1 Verification of general safety requirements . 13
6.1.1 Crushing and shearing points at power-operated movable parts . 13
6.1.2 Trip and twist points . 13
6.1.3 Gears and sprocket wheels .14
6.1.4 Belt and rope drives .14
6.1.5 Supporting means .14
6.1.6 Horizontal and vertical system components .14
6.1.7 Guides/guide pulleys .14
6.1.8 Guiding system.14
6.1.9 Positioning system .14
6.1.10 Wall and ceiling rails .14
6.1.11 Ground rails .14
6.1.12 Protruding components .14
6.1.13 Accessible covers .14
6.1.14 Treads . 15
6.1.15 Vehicle wheel guides . 15
6.1.16 Vehicle displacement units . 15
6.1.17 Liquid jets at vehicle wash systems. 15
6.1.18 Monitoring . 15
6.1.19 Electrical equipment . 15
6.1.20 Fluid hydraulics equipment . 15
6.1.21 Fluid pneumatics equipment . 15
6.1.22 Control devices. 15
6.1.23 Actuators of control devices . 15
6.1.24 Actuators for limit switches . 15
6.1.25 Supply disconnecting device.16
6.1.26 Emergency stop equipment .16
6.1.27 Automatic safeguard .16
6.1.28 Electrical cables .16
6.1.29 Noise measurement .16
6.1.30 Hot Surfaces .16
6.1.31 Surfaces and edges .16
6.1.32 Washing additives .16
6.2 Additional verification of systems for the cleaning of rail vehicles .16
6.2.1 Slewing platforms .16
6.2.2 Rigid platforms .16
6.2.3 Overhead contact line .17
6.3 Additional verification of roll-over wash systems.17
6.3.1 Final positions of the travelling areas .17
6.3.2 Toppling safeguard .17
6.3.3 Driving wheels of the travelling mechanisms .17
6.3.4 Front surfaces of the travelling mechanism frames .17
6.3.5 Crushing points at wheel guides .17
6.3.6 Operator cabins for roll-over wash systems for special vehicles.17
6.4 Additional verification of vehicle wash tunnels and vehicles conveying units .17
6.4.1 Trapping points .17
6.4.2 Horizontal deflection of the conveyor chain .17
6.4.3 Vertical deflection of the conveyor chain .17

iv
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
6.4.4 Enclosure of the entry and exit openings .18
6.4.5 Nip points of the conveyor chain .18
6.4.6 Protection against unauthorized access .18
6.5 Additional verification of manually movable vehicle wash systems .18
6.5.1 Stability .18
6.5.2 Tripping points .18
6.5.3 Control system .18
7 Instructions for use . .18
Annex A (informative) Application examples .20
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards .22
Annex C (normative) Noise test code.25
Annex D (informative) Determination and control of Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
concentration in vehicle wash systems that can form aerosols due to their cleaning
systems .33
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered .39
Bibliography .43

v
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
European foreword
This document (prEN ISO 27281:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 197 “Pumps”,
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 17281:2021. The main technical changes compared to the previous edition
are as follows:
— precision in Clause 1 (scope) that the document does not apply to bicycle cleaning systems;
— update of Clause 3 and addition of definitions of "fresh water", "recycled water" and "process water";
— addition of an informative Annex D on the determination and control of Legionella and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa concentration in stationary vehicle wash systems;
— update of Annex ZA for presumption of conformity with the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
vi
ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010. This document is of relevance, in particular,
for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises).
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations
or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When requirements of this
type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements
of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that
have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.

vii
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
Safety requirements - Vehicle washing systems
1 Scope
This document contains technical safety requirements for the design, equipment and testing of brushless
vehicle wash systems and vehicle wash systems with brushes for, indoor and outdoor operation, i.e. roll-over
vehicle wash systems, vehicle wash tunnels, manually movable vehicle wash facilities.
NOTE 1 Annex D covers the determination and control of Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa concentration in
stationary vehicle wash systems. Additionally, it can be applied to all vehicle wash systems that can form aerosols due
to their cleaning systems.
This document does not apply to hand-guided high-pressure cleaners which are covered by EN 60335-2-
79:2012, to water recycling systems, buildings and doors for entering the traffic zone, for powered ride-on
machines and powered walk-behind machines with a traction drive.
This document does not apply to bicycle cleaning systems.
NOTE 2 Signals (example doors, lighting systems) can be provided by the vehicle wash system.
This document contains requirements for the protection of persons and objects from accidents and damages
during use and operation of vehicle wash systems.
Persons to be protected are:
— operators,
— maintenance and monitoring personnel,
— persons in the vicinity of vehicle wash systems,
— persons sitting in the vehicle during cleaning.
Objects to be protected are:
— vehicles.
Significant hazards associated with vehicle wash systems are listed in Clause 4. These hazards have been
established by a risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100 and require measures to eliminate the hazard
or to reduce the risk. These measures are specified in Clause 5 of this document.
The safety requirements assume that vehicle wash systems are regularly maintained by trained and
competent persons according to the manufacturer's information and that the operators, with the exception
of users of self-service wash systems, have been instructed in the handling of vehicle wash systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-20:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Lifts for the transport of persons and
goods — Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts
EN 81-50:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Examinations and tests — Part 50:
Design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components

ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
EN 280-1:2022, Mobile elevating work platforms — Part 1 : design calculations - Stability criteria — Construction
— Safety — Examinations and tests
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005)
EN 60335-2-79:2012, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-79: Particular requirements
for high pressure cleaners and steam cleaners
1)
EN 60529:1991 , Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)
EN ISO 3744:2024, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:2024)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting
plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
2)
EN ISO 11203:2009 , Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level
(ISO 11203:1995)
EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery— Part 1: Choice of fixed
means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1:2016)
EN ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2016)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
1) As impacted by EN 60529:1991/A1:2000, EN 60529:1991/A2:2013, EN 60529:1991/AC:2016-12, EN 60529:1991/
corrigendum May 1993 and EN 60529:1991/A2:2013/AC:2019-02.
2) As impacted by EN ISO 11203:2009/A1:2020

ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
3.1
work and traffic zone
area up to a height of 2 m which is assigned to one or several persons for the execution of the work task
Note 1 to entry: A definition of work task is given in EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009.
3.2
traffic zone (of a vehicle wash system)
area used for pedestrian or vehicular traffic from which the vehicle wash system can be entered and exited
3.3
operating temperature (of the wash liquid)
temperature of the liquid supplied to the spraying device or to another part of the liquid system during
operation
3.4
brushless vehicle wash system
vehicle wash system, where the cleaning is carried out without mechanical contact between wash system
and vehicle
Note 1 to entry: In general, the cleaning is carried out contactless, e.g. with liquid from nozzles.
3.5
pressure generator
device generating the operation pressure
3.6
tandem roll-over vehicle wash system
two or more roll-over vehicle wash systems which wash and/or dry the same vehicle, and move independently
3.7
liquid heater
device for the heating of the liquids to the operating temperature
3.8
vehicle ground conveyor
device for the horizontal movement (trailing) of vehicles on a track or on rails
3.9
vehicle displacement device
platform or access rails on which vehicles are mechanically moved in the wash system so that they can be
cleaned in their entire length even in short wash bays
3.10
vehicle wash system
system for the external cleaning of vehicles or parts of vehicles, where cleaning, drying or special treatment
devices and/or vehicles are mechanically moved and where the vehicle is placed in the system by the
vehicle driver
3.11
vehicle wash tunnel/street
vehicle wash system (3.10) where the vehicles to be cleaned are moved through wash, drying or special
treatment points by means of power driven vehicle ground conveyor (3.8) devices
3.12
liquid jet
device or system where the liquid, also with additives, is ejected in a free jet from devices equipped with
nozzles or from other devices equipped with speed increasing outlets

ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
3.13
high pressure pipework
pipeline or hose pipe in which the liquid is conducted from the pressure generator (3.5) to the consumption
points with a minimum pressure of 2,5 MPa and not exceeding 35 MPa
3.14
vehicle wash system with brushes
system, where the wash unit consists of rotating or moving bodies equipped with bristles, stripes or similar
elements
3.15
roll-over wash system
mobile, rail mounted vehicle wash system, where a gantry with mounted or integrated wash, drying and
special treatment devices is mechanically moved over the standing vehicle
Note 1 to entry: Also, rigidly coupled machines are considered as roll-over wash systems.
3.16
hose fittings
connecting elements for hoses or hose pipes
3.17
instructed service person driven vehicle wash system
vehicle wash system which is started by an instructed service person (3.20)
3.18
automatic vehicle wash system
vehicle wash system (3.10) which is started without an instructed service person (3.20)
3.19
self-service vehicle wash system
vehicle wash system (3.10) which is started and operated by the customer
3.20
instructed service person
capable of conducting the tasks as defined in the operator's manual
3.21
automatic safeguard
automatic guard or protective device (3.22) provided to protect persons from a hazard
3.22
protective device
means a device (other than a guard) which reduces the risk, either alone or in conjunction with a guard
Note 1 to entry: This may e.g. be achieved by preventing the surpassing of the maximum recommended operating
parameters as e.g. pressure, temperature, etc.
3.23
takt/batch wash system
mobile, rail mounted vehicle wash system of the roll-over type, where the wash and drying units are
separately mounted on different gantries
Note 1 to entry: Both gantries are consecutively mounted. They move mechanically over the vehicle being either in
wash or drying position.
Note 2 to entry: The vehicle moves from the wash to the drying position. In intermittent wash systems, no continuous
vehicle advance is carried out.
3.24
under chassis wash
device for cleaning the underside of vehicles

ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
3.25
maximum operating pressure
pressure which is permitted for a component on the basis of the material and the calculation documents at
the permissible temperature
3.26
drive-through wash system
during cleaning, the vehicle is moved by its own power
3.27
fresh water
external water fed into the machine e.g. potable water, rainwater, or well water
3.28
recycled water
water from previous vehicle wash which is treated biologically, physically or chemically before reuse
3.29
process water
recycled water (3.28), treated fresh water (3.27) or untreated fresh water that is used for the cleaning process
4 List of hazards
The list of hazards given in Table B.1 is based on harmonized standards to the Machinery Directive 2006/42/
EC. The numbering is taken from the Machinery Directive. The list contains significant hazards, danger
points and hazardous operating conditions related to vehicle wash systems. The relevant requirements
according to Clause 5 are intended to avoid hazards, to protect from dangers or to reduce the risk.
5 Safety requirements and safety measures
5.1 General safety requirements
5.1.1 Shearing and crushing points at power-operFated movable parts
Crushing and shearing points at power operated parts shall be avoided in the work and traffic zones for persons
or, if this is not possible, they shall be protected. The hazard points may be avoided or protected by e.g.:
— safety distances according to EN ISO 13854:2019 and EN ISO 13857:2019;
— guards;
— safety devices;
— impeding device according to EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.29.
NOTE 1 Counterweights could be a point of crushing and shearing.
NOTE 2 The space between two independent moving tandem roll-over vehicle wash systems can be a point of
crushing.
5.1.2 Tripping and twisting points
Tripping and twisting points in the work or traffic zones shall be avoided or protected.
Tripping points caused by ground rails are avoided if the rails are laid evenly with the ground. Nevertheless,
all necessary steps shall be taken to ensure that tripping and twisting points are avoided.
Twisting points are considered to be protected if they are made visible by appropriate surrounding
conditions, e.g. by sufficient lighting and/or coloured design.

ISO/DIS 27281:2025(en)
Equipment such as e.g. wheel entering devices and on-floor under-chassis wash systems, which cannot be
realised below a certain level for functional reasons, shall be visible by appropriate surrounding conditions,
e.g. by sufficient lighting and/or coloured design.
5.1.3 Gears and sprocket wheels
Enclosures for gears and sprocket wheels in the work and traffic zones shall have openings in compliance
with EN ISO 13857:2019. If they are positioned outside the work and traffic zones, at least the nip points
shall be protected against contact.
If inherent safe construction is not possible automatic safeguards or ISO 14120:2015 shall be applied.
5.1.4 Belt and rope drives
The nip points at belt and rope drives within the work and traffic zones shall be protected by guards or
impeding devices.
If inherent safe construction is not possible automatic safeguards or ISO 14120:2015 shall be applied.
5.1.5 Supporting means
The supporting means for horizontal system components shall be designed with a safety factor for breaking
load divided by load bearing capacity of at least 6 to ensure the safety of the machine.
NOTE The factor is in accordance with EN 14492-2.
In the event of breaking of a supporting means, roof brushes or roof nozzles shall not fall down uncontrolled.
The drop distance shall only be 0,3 m at maximum within the work and traffic zone.
If inherent safe construction is not possible automatic safeguards or ISO 14120:2015 shall be applied.
5.1.6 Horizontal and vertical system components
Horizontal and vertical system components such as roof
...