SIST EN ISO 10437:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2004
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Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Steam turbines - Special-purpose
applications (ISO 10437:2003)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Dampfturbinen für spezielle Anwendungen in Raffinerien
(ISO 10437:2003)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gas naturel - Turbines a vapeur - Usage
spécial (ISO 10437:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10437:2003
ICS:
27.040 Plinske in parne turbine. Gas and steam turbines.
Parni stroji Steam engines
75.180.20 Predelovalna oprema Processing equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10437
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2003
ICS 27.040; 75.180.20
English version
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Steam
turbines - Special-purpose applications (ISO 10437:2003)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gas naturel -
Turbines à vapeur - Usage spécial (ISO 10437:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10437:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 10437:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67
"Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 "Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum and natural gas industries", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2004.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
the United Kingdom.
NOTE FROM CMC  The foreword is susceptible to be amended on reception of the German
language version. The confirmed or amended foreword, and when appropriate, the normative
annex ZA for the references to international publications with their relevant European
publications will be circulated with the German version.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10437:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10437:2003 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10437
Second edition
2003-07-01
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural
gas industries — Steam turbines —
Special-purpose applications
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel — Turbines à
vapeur — Usage spécial
Reference number
ISO 10437:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003
ISO 10437:2003(E)
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©  ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 4
4 Dimensions. 8
5 Statutory requirements. 8
6 Basic design. 8
6.1 General. 8
6.2 Nameplates and rotation arrows . 11
7 Casings. 12
7.1 Pressure casings. 12
7.2 Casing connections. 14
7.3 Internal stationary components. 15
7.4 External forces and moments. 15
8 Rotating elements. 15
8.1 General. 15
8.2 Shafts. 16
8.3 Blading. 16
8.4 Speed-sensing element. 17
9 Rotor dynamics. 17
9.1 General. 17
9.2 Lateral analysis. 18
9.3 Unbalanced rotor response verification test. 23
9.4 Additional testing. 24
9.5 Torsional analysis. 25
9.6 Vibration and balancing. 26
10 Bearings, bearing housings, and seals . 27
10.1 Radial bearings. 27
10.2 Thrust bearings and collars. 28
10.3 Bearing housing. 29
10.4 Grounding. 29
10.5 Shaft seals. 29
11 Materials. 30
11.1 General. 30
11.2 Castings. 31
11.3 Welding. 32
12 Controls and instrumentation. 33
12.1 General. 33
12.2 Turbine governing system . 33
12.3 Overspeed shutdown system . 36
12.3.1 General. 36
12.3.2 Electronic overspeed detection system . 37
12.3.3 Electro-hydraulic solenoid valves. 37
12.3.4 Trip valves/combined trip and throttle valves . 37
12.4 Other alarms and shutdowns. 39
ISO 10437:2003(E)
12.5 Instrument and control panels.40
12.6 Indicating instrumentation.41
12.6.1 Tachometers.41
12.6.2 Temperature gauges.41
12.6.3 Thermowells.41
12.6.4 Thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors .41
12.6.5 Pressure gauges.41
13 Electrical systems.41
14 Piping and appurtenances.41
14.1 General.41
14.2 Oil piping.42
14.3 Instrument piping.42
15 Accessories.42
15.1 Couplings and guards .42
15.2 Gear units.42
15.3 Mounting plates.43
15.3.1 General.43
15.3.2 Baseplates.44
15.3.3 Soleplates and subplates.45
15.4 Relief valves.45
15.5 Lubrication and control-oil system .45
15.6 Gland vacuum systems .46
15.7 Insulation and jacketing .46
15.8 Turning gear.47
15.9 Special tools.47
16 Inspection, testing and preparation for shipment .47
16.1 General.47
16.2 Inspection.48
16.2.1 General.48
16.2.2 Materials inspection.48
16.2.3 Mechanical inspection.49
16.3 Testing.49
16.3.1 General.49
16.3.2 Casing pressure hydro tests.50
16.3.3 Mechanical running test .51
16.3.4 Optional tests and inspections.52
16.4 Preparation for shipment.54
17 Vendor’s information.55
17.1 General.55
17.2 Proposals.56
17.2.1 General.56
17.2.2 Drawings.56
17.2.3 Technical data.56
17.2.4 Curves.57
17.3 Contract data.57
17.3.1 General.57
17.3.2 Drawings and technical data.58
17.3.3 Parts lists and recommended spares.58
17.3.4 Installation, operation, maintenance and technical manuals .58
Annex A (informative) Typical data sheets .59
Annex B (informative) Steam turbine nomenclature .80
Annex C (normative) Procedures for determining residual unbalance .82
Annex D (informative) Alarm and shutdown systems.88
Annex E (normative) Coupling guards .90
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
Annex F (informative) Foundation drawings . 92
Annex G (informative) Gland sealing and leak-off system. 96
Annex H (informative) Typical inspection of components . 98
Annex I (informative) Inspector's checklist. 99
Annex J (informative) Vendor drawing and data requirements (VDDR) . 101
Bibliography . 113

ISO 10437:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10437 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and
systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10437:1993), which has been technically
revised.
vi © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is based on API Std 612, fourth edition, June 1995.
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for
individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the
purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This
may be particularly appropriate where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is
offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details.
This International Standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features.
A bullet (z) at the beginning of a clause or subclause indicates that either a decision is required or further
information is to be provided by the purchaser. This information or decision should be indicated on the data
sheets; otherwise it should be stated in the quotation request (inquiry) or in the order.
In this International Standard, where practical, US Customary units have been included in brackets for
information.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10437:2003(E)

Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Steam
turbines — Special-purpose applications
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials,
fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of steam turbines for special-purpose applications.
It also covers the related lube-oil systems, instrumentation, control systems and auxiliary equipment. It is not
applicable to general-purpose steam turbines, which are covered in ISO 10436.
NOTE For the purpose of this provision, API Std 611 is equivalent to ISO 10436.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7-1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances
and designation.
ISO 261, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — General plan
ISO 262, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts
ISO 724, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Basic dimensions
ISO 965 (all parts), ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances
ISO 1940-1, Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors — Part 1: Determination of
permissible residual unbalance
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 7005-1, Metallic flanges — Part 1: Steel flanges
ISO 7005-2, Metallic flanges — Part 2: Cast iron flanges
ISO 8068, Petroleum products and lubricants — Petroleum lubricating oils for turbines (categories ISO-L-TSA
and ISO-L-TGA) — Specifications
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel
substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
ISO 8821, Mechanical vibration — Balancing — Shaft and fitment key convention
ISO 10437:2003(E)
1)
ISO 10438 (all parts) , Petroleum and natural gas industries — Lubrication, shaft sealing and control oil
systems for special-purpose applications.
ISO 10441, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Flexible couplings for mechanical power transmission —
Special purpose applications
ISO 13691, Petroleum and natural gas industries — High-speed special-purpose gear units
ISO 15649, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Piping
IEC 60045-1, Steam turbines — Part 1: Specifications
IEC 60072, Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60079, Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres
IEC 60953, Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests
2)
EN 287, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding
EN 288, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials
API RP 520 PT I, Sizing, selection, and installation of pressure-relieving systems in refineries, Part I — Sizing
3)
and selection.
API RP 520 PT II, Sizing, selection, and installation of pressure-relieving systems in refineries, Part II —
Installation
API Std 526, Flanged steel pressure relief valves
API Std 613, Special-purpose gear units for petroleum, chemical and gas industry services
API Std 670, Machine protection systems
API Std 671, Special-purpose couplings for petroleum, chemical and gas industry services
API RP 686 (First edition, April 1996), Recommended Practices for machinery installation and installation
design
4)
ASME, Boiler and pressure vessel code, Section V — Nondestructive examination.
ASME, Boiler and pressure vessel code, Section VIII — Pressure vessels
ASME, Boiler and pressure vessel code, Section IX — Qualification standard for welding and brazing
procedures, welders, brazers, and welding and brazing operators
ASME B1.1, Unified screw threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
ASME B16.1, Cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings, Class 25, 125 and 250

1) To be published.
2) Comité Européen de Normalisation, 36, rue de Stassart, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
3) American Petroleum Institute, Publications and Distribution Section, 1220 L Street Northwest , Washington DC 20005,

USA.
4) ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA.
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
ASME B16.5, Pipe flanges and flanged fittings, NPS 1/2 through NPS 24
ASME B16.11, Forged fittings, socket-welding and threaded
ASME B16.42, Ductile iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings, classes 150 and 300
ASME B16.47, Large diameter steel flanges NPS 26 through NPS 60
ASME B17.1, Keys and keyseats
ASME PTC 6, Performance test code 6 on steam turbines
ASME PTC 20.2, Overspeed trip systems for steam turbine-generator units
ASTM A 194, Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts for high-pressure or high-
5)
temperature service, or both
ASTM A 247, Standard test method for evaluating the microstructure of graphite in iron castings
ASTM A 278, Standard specification for gray iron castings for pressure-containing parts for temperatures up to
650 °F (350 °C)
ASTM A 307, Standard specification for carbon steel bolts and studs, 60 000 psi tensile strength
ASTM A 395, Standard specification for ferritic ductile iron pressure-retaining castings for use at elevated
temperatures
ASTM A 418, Standard test method for ultrasonic examination of turbine and generator steel rotor forgings
ASTM A 472, Standard test method for heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings
ASTM A 536, Standard specification for ductile iron castings
6)
AWS D1.1, Structural welding code — Steel
7)
NEMA SM 23, Steam turbines for mechanical drive service.
8)
NFPA 70, National electrical code.
9)
NACE MR0175, Sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oilfield equipment.
10)
SSPC-SP6/NACE No. 3, Commercial blast cleaning.

5) American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187.

6) American Welding Society, 550 NW Le Jeune Road, PO Box 351040, Miami, FL 33130, USA.

7) National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 N 17th Street; Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209, USA.

8) National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, USA.

9) NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084, USA.
th th
10) SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24 Street 6 floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, USA.
ISO 10437:2003(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. (See Annex B for a guide to
steam turbine nomenclature.)
3.1
alarm point
preset value of a measured parameter at which an alarm is actuated to warn of a condition that requires
corrective action
3.2
anchor bolts
bolts used to attach the mounting plate to the support structure or foundation
3.3
axially split
split with the principal joint parallel to the shaft centreline
3.4
control mechanism
all of the equipment between the speed governor and the governor-controlled valve(s) (such as linkages, pilot
valves, power servos, and so forth)
3.5
critical speed
shaft rotational speed at which the rotor-bearing-support system is in a state of resonance
3.6
design
equipment manufacturer's description of various parameters relevant to the equipment
NOTE This terminology is for use only by the equipment manufacturer and is not intended to appear in the
purchaser's specifications.
3.7
fail safe system
system which causes the equipment to revert to a permanently safe condition (shutdown and/or
depressurized) in the event of a component failure or failure of the energy supply to the system
3.8
field changeable
design feature that permits alteration of a function after the equipment has been installed
NOTE The alteration can be accomplished by the following:
a) soldering jumper leads to terminal pins especially provided for this purpose;
b) employing circuit-board-mounted switches or potentiometers;
c) using a shorting or diode-pin-type matrix board;
d) using prewired shorting plugs;
e) using authorized controlled access.
3.9
gauge board
bracket or plate used to support and display gauges, switches, and other instruments
NOTE A gauge board is open and not enclosed.
4 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
3.10
general-purpose turbines
horizontal or vertical turbines used to drive equipment that is usually spared, is relatively small in size (power),
or is in non-critical service
NOTE General-purpose steam turbines are intended for applications where the inlet gauge pressure does not exceed
4 800 kPa (48 bar) (700 psi) and the inlet temperature does not exceed 400 °C (750 °F), and where the speed does not
exceed 6 000 r/min.
3.11
governor-controlled valve
device that controls the flow of steam into or out of the turbine in response to the speed governor
3.12
hold-down bolts
mounting bolts
bolts that hold the equipment to the mounting plate or plates
3.13
hydrodynamic bearings
bearings that use the principles of hydrodynamic lubrication
NOTE The bearing surfaces are oriented so that relative motion forms an oil wedge, or wedges, to support the load
without shaft-to-bearing contact.
3.14
local
〈device〉 mounted on or near the equipment or console
3.15
maximum allowable speed
highest speed at which the manufacturer’s design permits continuous operation
3.16
maximum allowable temperature
maximum continuous temperature for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to
which the term is referred) when handling the specified fluid at any specified operating conditions
3.17
maximum allowable working pressure
maximum continuous pressure for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to which
the term is referred) when handling the specified fluid at the maximum allowable temperature
3.18
maximum continuous speed
highest speed at which the turbine, as built and tested, is capable of continuous operation, at any of the
specified steam conditions
3.19
maximum exhaust casing pressure
highest exhaust steam pressure that the purchaser requires the casing to contain, with steam supplied at
maximum inlet conditions
NOTE The turbine casing is subjected to the maximum temperature and pressure under these conditions.
3.20
maximum exhaust pressure
highest exhaust steam pressure at which the turbine is required to operate continuously
ISO 10437:2003(E)
3.21
maximum inlet pressure and temperature
highest inlet steam pressure and temperature conditions at which the turbine is required to operate
continuously
3.22
maximum sealing pressure
highest pressure the seals are required to seal during any specified static or operating conditions and during
startup and shutdown
3.23
minimum allowable speed
lowest speed at which the manufacturer’s design permits continuous operation
3.24
minimum exhaust pressure
lowest exhaust steam pressure at which the turbine is required to operate continuously
3.25
minimum inlet pressure and temperature
lowest inlet steam pressure and temperature conditions at which the turbine is required to operate
continuously
3.26
normal operating point
point at which usual operation is expected and optimum efficiency is desired
NOTE This point is usually the point at which the vendor certifies that performance is within the tolerances stated in
this International Standard.
3.27
observed
test or inspection for which the purchaser requires notification of the timing and may wish to attend
NOTE This is not a hold point. The inspection or test is performed as scheduled, and if the purchaser or the
purchaser's representative is not present, the vendor proceeds to the next step.
3.28
owner
final recipient of the equipment who may delegate another agent as the purchaser of the equipment
3.29
panel
enclosure used to mount, display and protect gauges, switches and other instruments
3.30
potential maximum power
approximate maximum power to which the turbine can be uprated at the specified normal speed and steam
conditions when it is furnished with suitable (that is, larger or additional) nozzles and, possibly, with a larger
governor-controlled valve or valves
3.31
pressure casing
composite of all stationary pressure-containing parts of the unit, including all nozzles and other attached parts
3.32
purchaser
agency that issues the order and specification to the vendor
6 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
NOTE The purchaser may be the owner of the plant in which the equipment is to be installed or the owner’s
appointed agent.
3.33
radially split
split with the principal joint perpendicular to the shaft centreline
3.34
rated power
greatest turbine power specified and its corresponding speed; it includes all the margin required by the
specifications of the driven equipment
3.35
rated speed
100 % speed
highest rotational speed required to meet any of the specified operating conditions
3.36
relief valve set pressure
pressure at which a relief valve starts to lift
3.37
remote
〈device〉 located away from the equipment or console, typically in a control room
3.38
separation margin
margin between a critical speed and the nearest required operating speed
3.39
shutdown set point
preset value of a measured parameter at which automatic or manual shutdown of the system or equipment is
required
3.40
slow roll
speed recommended by the vendor (typically 400 r/min to 500 r/min) for warm-up and initial check of
equipment integrity prior to full operation
3.41
special-purpose turbines
horizontal turbines used to drive equipment that are usually not spared and are used in uninterrupted
continuous operation in critical service
NOTE This category is not limited by steam conditions, power or turbine speed.
3.42
special tool
tool which is not a commercially available catalogue item
3.43
standby service
normally idle, or idling, piece of equipment that is capable of immediate automatic or manual startup and
continuous operation
ISO 10437:2003(E)
3.44
steam rate
quantity of steam required by the turbine per unit of power output measured at the output shaft of the turbine
3.45
turbine manufacturer
company that designs, manufactures, tests and provides service support for the turbine
3.46
trip speed
rotational speed at which the independent overspeed shutdown system operates to shut down a turbine
3.47
unit responsibility
responsibility for coordinating the technical aspects of the equipment and all auxiliary systems included in the
scope of the order
NOTE The technical aspects to be considered include, but are not limited to, such factors as the power requirements,
speed, rotation, general arrangement, couplings, dynamics, noise, lubricant selection, instrumentation, piping, testing of
components, conformance to specifications and material test reports.
3.48
vendor
supplier
agency that supplies the equipment in response to the order
NOTE The vendor may be the manufacturer of the equipment or the manufacturer’s agent and is normally
responsible for service support.
3.49
witnessed
inspection or test that the purchaser attends
NOTE A hold is applied to the production schedule and the inspection or test is carried out with the purchaser or
purchaser's representative in attendance
4 Dimensions
z Drawings and maintenance dimensions shall be in SI units or United States Customary (USC) units. Use of an
ISO datasheet indicates that SI units shall be used. Use of a USC datasheet indicates that USC units shall be
used. Typical datasheets in both systems of units are given in Annex A.
5 Statutory requirements
The purchaser and vendor shall mutually determine the measures that must be taken to comply with any
governmental codes, regulations, ordinances or rules that are applicable to the equipment.
6 Basic design
6.1 General
6.1.1 The equipment (including auxiliaries) covered by this International Standard shall be designed and
constructed for a minimum service life of 20 years and at least five years of uninterrupted operation.
NOTE It is recognized that achievement of this objective requires a joint effort of the purchaser, vendor and user.
8 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO 10437:2003(E)
6.1.2 The vendor shall assume unit responsibility for all equipment and all auxiliary systems included in the
scope of the order.
6.1.3 The vendor who has unit responsibility shall assure that all subvendors comply with the requirements
of this International Standard.
z 6.1.4 The purchaser shall specify the equipment’s normal operating point and any other required operating
points, including the inlet and exhaust steam conditions and any extraction or induction steam quantities and
pressures. The purchaser shall also specify the maximum and minimum values of the inlet, exhaust and
extraction/induction steam conditions.
z 6.1.5 The purchaser shall specify the purity of steam available.
NOTE IEC 60045-1 and NEMA SM 23 contain recommendations for steam purity levels.
6.1.6 Turbines shall be capable of the following:
a) operation at normal power and speed with normal steam conditions, with the steam rate certified by the
manufacturer at these conditions;
b) delivering rated power at its corresponding speed with coincident minimum inlet and maximum exhaust
conditions specified.
NOTE To prevent oversizing or to obtain higher operating efficiency or both, it may be desirable to limit maximum
turbine capability by specifying normal power or a selected percentage of rated power instead of rated power at the
conditions specified.
c) continuous operation at maximum continuous speed and at any other speed within the range specified,
with a maximum continuous speed of at least 105 %
...