SIST EN ISO 20024:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019
01-marec-2019
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Solid biofuels - Safe handling and storage of solid biofuel pellets in commercial and
industrial applications (ISO/DIS 20024:2019)
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Sicherheit von Pellets aus biogenen Festbrennstoffen -
Sicherer Umgang und Lagerung in kommerziellen und industriellen Anwendungen - Teil
1: Allgemeines (ISO/DIS 20024:2019)
Biocombustibles solides - Manipulation et stockage en toute sécurité des granulés de
biocombustibles solides dans des applications commerciales et industrielles (ISO/DIS
20024:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 20024
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
75.160.40 Biogoriva Biofuels
oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019

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oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 20024
ISO/TC 238 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-01-02 2019-03-27
Solid biofuels — Safe handling and storage of solid biofuel
pellets in commercial and industrial applications
Biocombustibles solides — Manipulation et stockage en toute sécurité des granulés de biocombustibles
solides dans des applications commerciales et industrielles
ICS: 27.190; 75.160.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 20024:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019

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oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019
Draft ISO/DIS 20024
ISO/DIS 20024:2019(E)

Contents
Foreword .7
Introduction.8
1 Scope.9
2 Normative references.9
3 Terms and definitions .9
3.1 General terms . 9
3.2 Risk management. 10
3.3 Storage, handling and operation. 13
3.4 Extinguishing media, extinguishing systems and detection. 15
4 Introduction to the use of this document.16
4.1 General information. 16
4.2 Applicability of this document. 17
5 Risk management . 18
5.1 General. 18
5.2 Introduction to the risk management process. 19
6 Requirements for design and construction. 23
6.1 General. 23
6.2 Specific risk considerations for handling of solid biofuel pellets. 23
6.3 Risk areas . 25
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT 6.4 General requirements and recommendations for safe handling. 26
© ISO 2019
7 Requirements for safe operation and maintenance. 27
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
7.1 General. 27
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
7.2 General requirement for operation, maintenance and manuals . 27
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
7.3 Documentation of operation procedures. 28
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
7.4 Safety during operation. 29
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019
ISO/DIS 20024:2019(E)
Draft ISO/DIS 20024
Contents
Foreword . 7
Introduction. 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
3.1 General terms . 9
3.2 Risk management . 10
3.3 Storage, handling and operation . 13
3.4 Extinguishing media, extinguishing systems and detection . 15
4 Introduction to the use of this document . 16
4.1 General information . 16
4.2 Applicability of this document . 17
5 Risk management . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Introduction to the risk management process . 19
6 Requirements for design and construction. . 23
6.1 General . 23
6.2 Specific risk considerations for handling of solid biofuel pellets . 23
6.3 Risk areas . 25
6.4 General requirements and recommendations for safe handling. 26
7 Requirements for safe operation and maintenance. 27
7.1 General . 27
7.2 General requirement for operation, maintenance and manuals . 27
7.3 Documentation of operation procedures . 28
7.4 Safety during operation . 29
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7.5 Pre-planning of emergency operations . 32
7.6 Personnel risks . 33
8 Conveyor system and transfer points . 34
8.1 General . 34
8.2 Detection . 34
8.3 Preparatory measures. 35
8.4 Additional information, recommendation and requirements on design and protection of
conveyor systems . 37
9 Silos . 39
9.1 General . 39
9.2 Detection and temperature and gas monitoring . 39
9.3 Preparatory measures. 40
9.4 Additional information, recommendation and requirements on design and protection of silos
42
10 Large scale bunkers . 47
10.1 General . 47
10.2 Detection and temperature and gas monitoring in bunkers . 48
10.3 Preparatory measures. 48
10.4 Additional information, recommendation and requirements on design and protection of
bunkers . 50
11 Warehouse . 53
11.1 General . 53
11.2 Detection . 53
11.3 Preparatory measures . 54
11.4 Additional information, recommendation and requirements on design and protection of
warehouse . 55
Annex A (informative) Description of solid biofuel pellets supply chain and general safety
guidelines for unit operations . 58
A.2.1 Producers . 58
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Annex B (informative) Self-heating and off-gassing . 75
Annex C (informative) Dust as a fire and explosion hazard and mitigation of risks . 82
Annex D (informative) Safety aspects and guidance on handling various emergency situations
. 102
Annex E (informative) Ventilation for cooling of bulk material . 119
Annex F (informative) Principle design of inert gas distribution system and inlet openings . 121
Annex G (informative) Examples of arrangement of various sensors and detection systems
relevant to the biofuel pellet industry . 124
Annex H (informative) Example for the risk assessment in a commercial medium size wood pellet
store . 131
Bibliography . 141
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oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019
ISO/DIS 20024:2019(E)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 20024-1:2019
ISO/DIS 20024:2019(E)
Draft ISO/DIS 20024
1 Foreword
2 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
3 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
4 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
5 committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
6 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
7 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
8 electrotechnical standardization.
9 The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
10 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
11 different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
12 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
13 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
14 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
15 patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
16 the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
17 Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
18 constitute an endorsement.
19 For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
20 assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
21 to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
22 The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.
23
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24 Introduction
25 There is a continuous global growth in production, storage, handling, bulk transport and use of solid
26 biofuels especially in the form of pelletized biofuels.
27 The handling and storage of solid biofuels and their physical characteristics can lead to a risk for fire
28 and/or explosion, but also health risks for example intoxication due to exposure to carbon monoxide
29 (CO), asphyxiation due to oxygen depletion, and allergic reactions.
30 There is a risk of injury or fatality associated with pellet storage so safety measures must be implemented.
31 The possibility of fire and explosion incidents is a clear indicator that safety needs to be prioritized, first
32 of all for human safety but also because interruptions in energy supply will have significant consequences.
33 The market confidence in solid biofuels as a reliable energy source will be jeopardized, and financial
34 losses due to business interruptions could occur. Difficulty to obtain insurance coverage will also
35 increase.
36 This document provides support, advice and guidance to facility owners, logistics providers, equipment
37 suppliers/manufacturers, consultants, authorities and insurance providers to assess and mitigate risk
38 when handling and storing solid biofuel pellets. General guidance is provided for personnel safety
39 protection and personal precautions in accordance with generally accepted work safety requirements.
40 As part of the determination and the assessment of risks for solid biofuels, defined test methods and
41 standards are established or need to be developed. However, the ageing and degradation due to handling
42 and storage of solid biofuels in actual environments will affect the characteristics. The consequence of
43 this change of characteristics is that safety margins have to be established in relation to the actual analysis
44 results.
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45 Solid biofuels — Safe handling and storage of solid biofuel pellets
46 in commercial and industrial applications
47 1 Scope
48 This document provides principles and requirements for safe handling and storage of solid biofuels
49 pellets in commercial and industrial applications. It uses a risk based approach to determine what safety
50 measures should be considered.
51 This document covers the handling and storage process of pellets in the following applications;
52 — at a pellet production plant from the outlet of the cooler unit until loaded for transportation
53 — at a commercial distributor from the receiving station until loaded for transportation and
54 — at an industrial end-user from the receiving station until fed into the fuel preparation or
55 combustion process.
56 Although unloading and loading of e.g. vessels, trains or trucks are included, the safety issues following
57 the loading and transport itself are not.
58 This document also gives specific guidance on detection and suppression systems and preparatory
59 measures to enable safe and efficient firefighting operations. Guidance on the management of fire and
60 explosion incidents is also specified.
61 2 Normative references
62 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
63 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
64 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
65 ISO 12100, Safety of machinery -- General principles for design -- Risk assessment and risk reduction
66 3 Terms and definitions
67 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
68 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
69 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
70 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
71 3.1 General terms
72 3.1.1
73 combustible dust
74 finely divided solid particles, with a particle size of 500 μm or less in nominal size, which may form explosive
75 mixtures with air at standard atmospheric pressure and temperatures
76 Note 1 to entry: This includes dust and grit as defined in ISO 4225.
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77 Note 2 to entry: The term 'solid particles' is intended to address particles in the solid phase but does not preclude a
78 hollow particle.
79 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 80079-20-2:2016]
80 3.1.2
81 fines
82 small sized particles in fuel below a certain pre-defined size, here less than 3,15 mm
83 [SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.90, modified – "usually" replaced by "here" to indicate exact limit]
84 3.1.3
85 ignition source
86 source of energy that initiates combustion
87 [SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.189]
88 3.1.4
89 product safety data sheet
90 specification sheet defining physical aspects, characteristics and health and safety data for a product
91 3.1.5
92 self-heating
93 exothermic reaction within a material resulting in a rise in temperature in the material
94 [SOURCE: ISO 4880:1997]
95 3.1.6
96 self-ignition
97 ignition resulting from self-heating
98 [SOURCE: ISO 4880:1997]
99 3.1.7
100 smouldering
101 slow combustion of a material without light being visible and generally evidenced by an increase in temperature
102 and/or by smoke
103 [SOURCE: ISO 4880:1997]
104 3.1.8
105 solid biofuel pellets
106 densified biofuel made from woody biomass with or without additives usually with a cylindrical form, random
107 length typically 5 to 40 mm and diameter up to 25 mm and broken ends
108 Note 1 to entry: The raw material for wood pellets is woody biomass in accordance with Table 1 of ISO 17225-1.
109 Pellets are usually manufactured in a die, with total moisture content usually less than 10 % of their mass on wet
110 basis.
111 Note 2 to entry: The woody biomass used as feedstock for pellet making is milled to size in accordance with
112 customer specification. Determination of the particle size distribution of the constituents of pellets should be done
113 according to ISO 17830.
114 Note 3 to entry: Based on the definition of wood pellets in ISO 16559:2014.
115 3.2 Risk management
116 3.2.1
117 accident
118 incident resulting in fatality, disease, injury or other damage
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119 [SOURCE: ISO 21101:2014, 3.25]
120 3.2.2
121 emergency
122 serious situation requiring immediate action
123 [SOURCE: ISO/TR 21102:2013, 2.8]
124 3.2.3
125 fail-safe
126 term applied to equipment or a system so designed that, in the event of failure or malfunction of any part of the
127 system, devices are automatically activated to stabilize or secure the safety of the operation
128 [SOURCE: ISO 13628-7:2005, 3.1.49]
129 3.2.4
130 harm
131 injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
132 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.1]
133 3.2.5
134 hazard
135 potential source of harm
136 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.2]
137 3.2.6
138 hazardous event
139 event that can cause harm
140 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.3]
141 3.2.7
142 hazardous situation
143 circumstance in which people, property or the environment is/are exposed to one or more hazards
144 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.4]
145 3.2.8
146 incident
147 event or occurrence, which can, but does not necessarily, create a risk of harm, including possible risks due to
148 shearing, crushing, falling, impact, trapping, fire, electric shock, exposure to weather etc.
149 [SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.13]
150 3.2.9
151 inherently safe design
152 measures taken to eliminate hazards and/or to reduce risks by changing the design or operating characteristics of
153 the product or system
154 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.5]
155 3.2.10
156 intended use
157 use in accordance with information provided with a product or system, or, in the absence of such information, by
158 generally understood patterns of usage
159 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.6]
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160 3.2.11
161 reasonably foreseeable misuse
162 use of a product or system in a way not intended by the supplier, but which can result from readily predictable
163 human behaviour
164 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.7, modified – Note 1 to entry and Note 2 to entry has been deleted]
165 3.2.12
166 risk
167 combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
168 NOTE 1 to entry: The probability of occurrence includes the exposure to a hazardous situation, the occurrence of a
169 hazardous event and the possibility to avoid or limit the harm.
170 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.9]
171 3.2.13
172 risk analysis
173 systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimat
...