SIST EN 45544-1:2015

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Elektrische Geräte für die direkte Detektion und direkte Konzentrationsmessung toxischer Gase und Dämpfe - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenAtmosphères des lieux de travail - Appareillage électrique utilisé pour la détection directe des vapeurs et gaz toxiques et le mesurage direct de leur concentration - Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes d'essaiWorkplace atmospheres - Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 1: General requirements and test methods13.320Alarmni in opozorilni sistemiAlarm and warning systems13.040.30Kakovost zraka na delovnem mestuWorkplace atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 45544-1:2015SIST EN 45544-1:2015en,fr,de01-september-2015SIST EN 45544-1:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDoSIST prEN 45544-1:20131DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 45544-1
January 2015 ICS 13.320; 13.040.30
Supersedes
EN 45544-1:1999
English Version
Workplace atmospheres - Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 1: General requirements and test methods
Atmosphères des lieux de travail - Appareillage électrique utilisé pour la détection directe des vapeurs et gaz toxiques et le mesurage direct de leur concentration - Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes d'essai
Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Elektrische Geräte für die direkte Detektion und direkte Konzentrationsmessung toxischer Gase und Dämpfe - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 24 November 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 45544-1:2015 E SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
2
Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 General requirements . 14 4.1 Introduction . 14 4.2 Construction . 14 4.2.1 General . 14 4.2.2 Indicating devices . 14 4.2.3 Alarm output functions . 16 4.3 Fault signals . 16 4.4 Adjustments . 16 4.5 Battery-powered apparatus . 17 4.6 Gas detection transmitter for use with separate control units . 17 4.7 Separate control units for use with gas detection transmitters . 17 4.8 Apparatus using software and/or digital technologies . 17 4.9 Labelling and marking . 17 4.9.1 General . 17 4.9.2 Identification of the gas to be detected . 18 4.10 Instruction manual . 18 5 Test methods . 21 5.1 General requirements for tests . 21 5.2 Samples and sequence of tests . 21 5.2.1 Test samples . 21 5.2.2 Sequence . 21 5.2.3 Gas detection transmitters . 21 5.2.4 Separate control units. 21 5.2.5 Test of compliance with general requirements . 22 5.2.6 Apparatus with selectable range . 22 5.2.7 Preparation of apparatus before each particular test . 22 5.2.8 Mask for calibration and test . 23 5.3 Normal conditions for test . 23 5.3.1 General . 23 5.3.2 Test gas(es) . 24 5.3.3 Flow rate for test gases . 24 5.3.4 Power supply . 24 5.3.5 Temperature . 24 5.3.6 Pressure . 24 5.3.7 Humidity . 24 5.3.8 Stabilization . 25 5.3.9 Orientation . 25 5.3.10 Communications options . 25 5.3.11 Gas detection apparatus as part of systems . 25 SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
3
5.4 Tests . 25 5.4.1 General . 25 5.4.2 Unpowered storage . 26 5.4.3 Measurement of deviations . 26 5.4.4 Mechanical tests . 27 5.4.5 Environmental tests . 28 5.4.6 Performance tests . 30 5.4.7 Electrical tests . 34 5.4.8 Stability . 35 5.4.9 Verification of software and digital components . 35 6 Uncertainty of measurement and lower limit of measurement. 35 6.1 General . 35 6.2 Method of calculation of uncertainty of measurement . 36 6.2.1 General . 36 6.2.2 Sources of uncertainty. 37 6.2.3 Calculation of relative expanded uncertainty . 42 6.3 Method of calculation of lower limit of measurement . 42 7 Test report . 44 Annex A (normative)
Standard test gas volume fractions for EN 45544-2 apparatus . 45 Annex B (informative)
Sequence of tests . 47 Annex C (informative)
Example of a test chamber . 48 Annex D (informative)
Table of significant changes in comparison to EN 45544-1:1999 . 49
SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
4
Foreword This document (EN 45544-1:2015) has been prepared by CEN/CENELEC Joint Working Group Continuous Measuring Instruments (JWG CMI). The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-11-24 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-11-24 This document supersedes EN 45544-1:1999. SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
5
Introduction National laws and regulations based on European Directives require the assessment of the potential exposure of a worker to chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. EN 45544, Workplace atmospheres – Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours, consists of the following parts: — Part 1: General requirements and test methods; — Part 2: Performance requirements for apparatus used for exposure measurement; — Part 3: Performance requirements for apparatus used for general gas detection; — Part 4: Guide for selection, installation, use and maintenance. EN 45544 series is based on EN 482 which specifies general performance requirements for procedures for measuring the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. These performance requirements are intended to apply under environmental conditions present at the workplace. However, because a wide range of environmental conditions are encountered in practice, this document specifies requirements that have to be fulfilled by measuring procedures when tested under prescribed laboratory conditions. EN 45544-2 details the performance requirements outlined in EN 482 specifically for electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours intended for exposure measurement. EN 45544-3 details the performance requirements for general gas detection apparatus, e.g. safety warning, leak detection. The measuring range will be defined by the manufacturer. In general, the requirements for accuracy will be higher for EN 45544-2 apparatus than for EN 45544-3 apparatus. The same apparatus may be used for applications covered by EN 45544-2 and EN 45544-3. EN 45544 series will help manufacturers, test laboratories and users of apparatus to adopt a consistent approach to, and provide a framework for, the assessment of performance criteria. It is the manufacturer’s primary responsibility to ensure that the apparatus meets the requirements laid down in this European Standard, including environmental influences, which can be expected to affect performance. For a given measurement task, the range over which the requirements for the relative expanded uncertainty have to be met depends on the limit value. However, for most chemical agents the limit values have not been harmonized at the European level. Therefore, it was decided to use a reference value (standard test gas concentration) instead of the limit value for the performance tests. The list of standard test gas volume fractions is given in Annex A. The values chosen are equal to or close to the limit values used in different European countries but are intended to be used only for type testing apparatus without any legal implications. Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours generate readings in clean air (zero readings), which vary with environmental conditions and time. This standard therefore includes test methods and requirements for acceptable variations in zero readings which are additional to the general requirements of EN 482. SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
6
1 Scope This European Standard specifies general requirements and test methods for the determination of the performance characteristics of personal, portable, transportable and fixed, continuous duty electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres. This European Standard is applicable to apparatus whose primary purpose is to provide an indication, alarm and/or other output function to give a warning of the presence of a toxic gas or vapour in the atmosphere and, in some cases, to initiate automatic or manual protective actions. It is applicable to apparatus in which the sensor automatically generates an electrical signal when gas is present. This European Standard is not applicable to apparatus: − used for the measurement of oxygen; − used only in laboratories for analysis or measurement; − used only for process measurement purposes; − used in car parks or tunnels; − used in the domestic environment; − used in environmental air pollution monitoring; − used for the measurement of combustible gases and vapours related to the risk of explosion. It also does not apply to open-path (line of sight) area monitors. For apparatus used for sensing the presence of multiple gases this standard applies only to the detection of toxic gas or vapour. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 482, Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents EN 45544-2:2015, Workplace atmospheres - Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 2: Performance requirements for apparatus used for exposure measurement EN 45544-3:2015, Workplace atmospheres - Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 3: Performance requirements for apparatus used for general gas detection EN 50270, Electromagnetic compatibility - Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of combustible gases, toxic gases or oxygen SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
7
EN 50271, Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of combustible gases, toxic gases or oxygen - Requirements and tests for apparatus using software and/or digital technologies EN 60068-2-6, Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-6) EN 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres - Equipment - General requirements (IEC 60079-0) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 toxic gas general term for any gas or vapour that can be harmful to human health toxic. The term “gas” is used for both gases and vapours 3.2 clean air air that is free of gases or vapours which the sensor is sensitive to or which influence the performance of the sensor 3.3 ambient air normal atmosphere surrounding the apparatus 3.4 poisons substances that lead to temporary or permanent change of performance, particularly loss of sensitivity, of the sensing element 3.5 standard test gas test gas with a composition specified for each apparatus and gas to be used for all tests unless otherwise stated 3.6 mask for calibration and test device that can be attached to the apparatus to present a test gas to the sensor in a reproducible manner 3.7 volume fraction (V/V)
quotient of the volume of a specified component and the sum of the volumes of all components of a gas mixture before mixing Note 1 to entry The volume fraction and volume concentration take the same value if, at the same state conditions, the sum of the component volumes before mixing and the volume of the mixture are equal. However, because the mixing of two or more gases at the same state conditions is usually accompanied by a slight contraction or, less frequently, a slight expansion, this is not generally the case. SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
8
3.8 limit value occupational exposure limit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent in the air within the breathing zone of a worker in relation to a specified reference period [SOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC Art. 2(d) [1]] Note 1 to entry Limit values are mostly set for reference periods of 8 h, but can also be set for shorter periods or concentration excursions, e.g. short-term exposure limit (STEL). Limit values for gases and vapours are stated in terms independent of temperature and air pressure variables in ml/m3 and in terms dependent on those variables in mg/m3 for a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101,3 kPa. 3.9 time weighted average (TWA) concentration concentration of gas in air integrated over time and divided by the specified reference period 3.10 fixed apparatus apparatus which is intended to have all parts permanently installed 3.11 transportable apparatus apparatus not intended to be a portable apparatus, but which can readily be moved from one place to another 3.12 portable apparatus apparatus that has been designed to be readily carried from place to place and to be used whilst being carried Note 1 to entry Portable apparatus is generally battery powered. 3.13 personal apparatus portable apparatus attached to a person, that monitors the atmosphere in their breathing zone so that their exposure to toxic gases or vapours can be determined Note 1 to entry Also known as a personal monitor. 3.14 continuous duty apparatus apparatus that is powered for long periods of time, but may have either continuous or intermittent sensing 3.15 gas detection transmitter fixed gas detection apparatus that provides a conditioned electronic signal or output indication to a generally accepted industry standard, intended to be utilized with seperate control units, or signal processing data acquisition, central monitoring and similar systems which typically process information from various locations and sources including, but not limited to, gas detection apparatus EXAMPLE An example of a generally accepted industry standard for an electronic signal or output indication is 4–20 mA. 3.16 control unit apparatus intended to provide display indication, alarm functions, output contacts and/or alarm signal outputs when operated with remote sensor(s) SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
9
3.17 separate control unit
control unit intended to be utilized with gas detection transmitter(s) 3.18 apparatus with integral sensor(s) apparatus intended to provide display indication, alarm functions, output contacts and/or alarm signal outputs where the sensor is an integral part of the apparatus 3.19 diffusion apparatus apparatus in which the transfer of gas from the atmosphere to the gas sensor takes place without aspirated flow 3.20 aspirated apparatus apparatus which samples the atmosphere by drawing it to the sensor EXAMPLE A hand operated or electric pump can draw gas to the sensor 3.21 automatically aspirated apparatus aspirated apparatus with an integral pump 3.22 alarm-only apparatus apparatus having an alarm but not having a display or other device to indicate the measured gas concentration 3.23 sensing element part of the sensor which is sensitive to the gas/vapour to be measured 3.24 sensor assembly in which the sensing element is housed and which can also contain associated circuit components 3.25 measuring principle type of physical or physico-chemical detection principle and the measurement procedure to determine the measured value 3.26 remote sensor sensor which is not an integral part of the apparatus. A remote sensor is connected to a control unit or to a gas detection transmitter 3.27 alarm set point setting of the apparatus at which the measured concentration will cause the apparatus to initiate an indication, alarm or other output function SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
10
3.28 TWA alarm set point setting of the apparatus at which the measured time weighted average concentration will cause the apparatus to initiate an indication, alarm or other output function 3.29 latching alarm alarm that, once activated, requires deliberate action for deactivation 3.30 fault signal audible, visible or other type of output, different from the alarm signal which permits, directly or indirectly, a warning or indication that the apparatus is not working satisfactorily 3.31 sample line means by which the gas being sampled is conveyed to the sensor including accessories EXAMPLE (of accessories) Filter, water trap 3.32 sampling probe separate sample line which is attached to the apparatus as required Note 1 to entry It can be supplied with or without the apparatus. It is usually short (e.g. of the order of 1 m) and rigid, although it can be telescopic. It can also be connected by a flexible tube to the apparatus. 3.33 field calibration kit means of calibrating or adjusting the apparatus EXAMPLE This can be a mask for calibration and test (see 3.6). Note 1 to entry The field calibration kit can also be used for verifying the operation of the apparatus. 3.34 special tool tool required to gain access to or to adjust the apparatus controls Note 1 to entry The design of the tool is intended to discourage unauthorized interference with the apparatus. 3.35 stabilization state when three successive observations taken at 1 min intervals in clean air or test gas under constant conditions indicate no changes greater than ± lower limit of measurement for EN 45544-2 apparatus or ± 1 % of the specified measuring range for EN 45544-3 apparatus 3.36 final indication indication given by the apparatus after stabilization 3.37 indication range range of measured values of gas concentration over which the apparatus is capable of indicating Note 1 to entry See Figure 1. SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
11
3.38 zero scale indication smallest value of the measured quantity within the indication range Note 1 to entry This is typically zero. Note 2 to entry See Figure 1. 3.39 full scale indication largest value of the measured quantity within the indication range Note 1 to entry See Figure 1. 3.40 measuring range range of measured values of gas concentration over which the accuracy of the apparatus lies within specified limits Note 1 to entry For apparatus conforming to EN 45544–2, the requirements for expanded uncertainty in Table 1 of EN 482 are met. For apparatus conforming to EN 45544–3, the requirements for accuracy in EN 45544–3 are met. The measuring range is a subset of the indication range. Note 2 to entry See Figure 1. 3.41 lower limit of measurement smallest value of the measured quantity within the measuring range Note 1 to entry See Figure 1. 3.42 upper limit of measurement largest value of the measured quantity within the measuring range Note 1 to entry Indications below the lower limit of measurement or above the upper limit of measurement will not necessarily meet the uncertainty requirements of this standard. Note 2 to entry See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Instrument scale showing ranges, indications and limits SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
12
3.43 expanded uncertainty quantity defining an interval around a result of a measurement, expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand 3.44 coverage factor (k) numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain an expanded uncertainty Note 1 to entry EN 482:2012 specifies k = 2. 3.45 non-random uncertainty uncertainty associated with non-random errors 3.46 random uncertainty uncertainty associated with random errors 3.47 zero uncertainty quantity defining an interval about the zero that might be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurement in clean air In Figure 2, the mean value of the measured values in clean air is not equal to the zero scale indication to illustrate that there can be an offset due to drift. The mean value can be above or below the zero scale indication
Figure 2 — Example of zero uncertainty SIST EN 45544-1:2015



EN 45544-1:2015 (E)
13
3.48 drift variation in the apparatus indication with time at any fixed gas volume fraction under constant ambient conditions 3.49 time of recovery (tx) time interval, with the apparatus in a warmed-up condition, between the time when an instantaneous decreas
...