ISO/TR 21276:2018

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 21276
First edition
2018-04
Clean cookstoves and clean cooking
solutions — Vocabulary
Fourneaux et foyers de cuisson propres — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018

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ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)

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ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Appliances . 1
3.2 Fuel . 2
3.3 Metrics . 5
3.4 Pollutants . 8
3.5 Testing . 9
3.6 Social measures .10
4 Schematic illustrations .11
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ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 285, Clean cookstoves and clean cooking
solutions.
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ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)

Introduction
The purpose of this document is to establish a precise vocabulary for cookstove technology and testing.
To establish commonalities among cooking systems with differing boundaries, this document repeats
definitions found in other products of ISO/TC 285.
Confirming acceptable cookstove performance in any particular aspect requires not only a vocabulary
definition of that aspect, but also specific measurement techniques and methods for determining a
performance indicator, as well as social agreements on the quantitative values of such indicators that
correspond to suitable performance; these concerns are addressed in other documents of ISO/TC 285.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)
Clean cookstoves and clean cooking solutions —
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms for use in documents prepared by ISO/TC 285. Basic schematic
illustrations are also provided to demonstrate relationships among certain concepts defined herein.
This document deliberately excludes some information that could be useful in the practice of testing
and evaluation. Designation of specific products, even as examples, is avoided so that the document
stays up-to-date and inclusive.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Appliances
3.1.1
batch-loaded cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) into which fuel is infrequently loaded during operation
3.1.2
built in-place cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) in which the majority of assembly and/or construction takes place where it will be used
3.1.3
candidate cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) being considered by a target community (3.6.16)
3.1.4
clean cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) that reduces emissions to an acceptable level when fed with a defined fuel or fuels
Note 1 to entry: The determination of an acceptable level of emissions depends on programmatic goals, and
includes consideration of health and environmental impacts (3.6.7) and best available technology.
3.1.5
continuously fed cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) in which fuel is constantly or frequently fed during operation
3.1.6
cooking vessel
pot or container in which food or water is heated and prepared
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ISO/TR 21276:2018(E)

3.1.7
cookstove
appliance primarily employed for the cooking of food, but which can also be employed for space or
water heating, or other purposes
3.1.8
griddle cookstove
comal cookstove
plancha cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) in which the majority of cooking occurs by placing the food directly on a heated
surface, usually a metal or ceramic plate
Note 1 to entry: The griddle cookstove has regional names such as “plancha cookstove”, “comal cookstove” and
“mittad”.
3.1.9
improved cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) proposed for a geographic region or target community (3.6.16), which has been shown
to outperform a baseline (3.3.1) with respect to primary criteria that can include emission factors (3.3.9),
energy efficiency (3.3.11), durability (3.3.8) and/or safety (3.3.22)
3.1.10
pot skirt
device that encircles a cooking vessel (3.1.6) for the purpose of increasing heat transfer to the vessel
Note 1 to entry: The pot skirt can be part of cookstove design, part of the pot design or an accessory.
3.1.11
retained heat cooker
insulated container that can accommodate one or more cooking vessels (3.1.6) that have been previously
heated on a cookstove (3.1.7)
3.1.12
traditional cookstove
type of cookstove (3.1.7) or three-stone open fire that has been in long existence in a region and has
been established from generation to generation
3.1.13
water heating cookstove
cookstove (3.1.7) designed to transfer heat to water for space heating and other purposes
3.2 Fuel
3.2.1
as fired
condition of a fuel immediately before testing in a cookstove (3.1.7)
3.2.2
as received
condition of a fuel as it is received for testing in a cookstove (3.1.7)
3.2.3
ash
residue remaining after combustion of a fuel under specified analytical conditions, typically expressed
as a percentage of the mass of dry matter in fuel
3.2.4
ash solids
portion of the remaining solids (3.2.23) that has negligible recoverable heating value (3.2.16)
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3.2.5
biofuel
material of biological origin used as fuel, including, but not limited to, wood, agricultural residues,
dung, biogas and processed lignocelluloses
EXAMPLE Charcoal, briquettes, pellets.
3.2.6
burn sequence
combustion of fuel in a cookstove (3.1.7) from ignition (3.2.18) to an end point defined in a specific
protocol
3.2.7
char
carbonaceous residue resulting from pyrolysis or incomplete combustion
Note 1 to entry: The composition of residual fuel (3.2.24) is largely char, see Clause 4.
3.2.8
combustible mass
portion of the fuel consisting of fixed carbon and volatile components, excluding ash (3.2.3) and
moisture, which can potentially be combusted
3.2.9
conventional fuel
fuel or fuels regularly employed by the target community (3.6.16)
3.2.10
dry fuel
fuel from which all moisture has been removed by heating to 3 °C above the local boiling point
3.2.11
dry basis
basis for calculation of sample quality characteristics, in which the mass of the sample without water
content is used
Note 1 to entry: The dry basis is expressed in per cent.
3.2.12
exhaust
gases and suspended particulate matter (3.4.7) resulting from the combustion process
3.2.13
fly ash
ash (3.2.3) that is entrained in the exhaust (3.2.12)
3.2.14
fossil fuel
carbonaceous material derived from geological deposits, including coal, peat, natural gas and liquid fuels
3.2.15
fugitive emissions
emissions that come from a cookstove into the cooking environment as opposed to those removed from
the cookstove via a chimney
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3.2.16
heating value
calorific value
-1
energy per unit mass released in the complete combustion of a sample of fuel, MJ.kg
Note 1 to entry: When determining heating value, the state of the fuel, as defined by the as fired (3.2.1), as received
(3.2.2) or dry fuel (3.2.10) conditions shall be recorded, and the heating value shall be stated as either higher
heating value (3.2.17) or lower heating value (3.2.20).
3.2.17
higher heating value
measured value of the energy of combustion of a fuel burned in oxygen in a bomb calorimeter under
-1
such conditions that all the water of the reaction products is in the form of liquid water at 15 °C, MJ.kg
3.2.18
ignition
start of a period of combustion
3.2.19
kindling
readily ignitable material used for starting a fire
3.2.20
lower heating value
calculated value of the energy of combustion of a fuel burned in oxygen in a combustion bomb under
-1
such conditions that all the water of the reaction products remain as water vapour at 150 °C, MJ·kg
Note 1 to entry: The heating value (3.2.16) at constant pressure is generally used.
3.2.21
raw fuel
mass of the unburned fuel supplied to a cookstove (3.1.7) during the course of the burn sequence (3.2.6)
Note 1 to entry: Raw fuel is expressed in kilograms.
3.2.22
recovered fuel
material that has a usable energy content that remains after a burn sequence (3.2.6) is completed
3.2.23
remaining solids
solids, excluding fly ash (3.2.13), remaining at the completion of a burn sequence (3.2.6)
Note 1 to entry: Remaining solids are a mixture of ash solids (3.2.4) and recovered fuel (3.2.22), see Clause 4.
3.2.24
residual fuel
portion of the recovered fuel (3.2.22) that is not reused fuel (3.2.25)
3.2.25
reused fuel
material separated from the recovered fuel (3.2.22) that has properties such that it can be employed in a
subsequent burn sequence (3.2.6) in the same cookstove (3.1.7)
Note 1 to entry: Reused fuel comprises primarily partially burned fuel and can include some char (3.2.7), see
Clause 4.
3.2.26
reused fuel in
reused fuel (3.2.25) from a prior burn sequence (3.2.6) that is added to the raw fuel (3.2.21) to make up
the total fuel (3.2.27)
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3.2.27
total fuel
sum of the masses of the raw fuel (3.2.21) and the reused fuel in (3.2.26)
3.2.28
wet basis
basis for describing the composition of a fuel sample as the ratio of the mass of a component to the mass
of the fuel in its as received (3.2.2) or as fired (3.2.1) state
Note 1 to entry: The wet basis is expressed in per cent.
3.3 Metrics
3.3.1
baseline
status of a market, community or cooking system (3.5.4) prior to intervention, determined by
measurements and metadata
3.3.2
burn rate
rate at which test fuel is consumed in a cookstove (3.1.7)
Note 1 to entry: The burn rate is expressed in kg [dry basis (3.2.11)] per hour.
3.3.3
char energy productivity
ratio of the energy of usable char (3.2.7) produced to the fuel energy in (3.3.
...