ISO 15029-2:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15029-2
First edition
2018-04
Petroleum and related products —
Determination of spray ignition
characteristics of fire-resistant
fluids —
Part 2:
Spray test — Stabilised flame heat
release method
Produits pétroliers et produits connexes — Détermination
des caractéristiques d'inflammation des fluides difficilement
inflammables en jet pulvérisé —
Partie 2: Essai de pulvérisation — Méthode par dégagement de
chaleur d'une flamme stabilisée
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling and sample preparation .11
8 Apparatus preparation .11
9 Procedure.12
9.1 Measurements at a propane flow rate of 0,13 Nm /h .12
9.2 Measurements at a propane flow rate of 0,4 Nm /h .13
9.3 Rejection of test data .13
9.4 Repeat testing .13
9.5 Number of tests .14
9.5.1 General.14
9.5.2 Calculation .14
9.5.3 Marginal values .14
9.5.4 Conclusion .14
10 Calculations.15
10.1 Ignitability factor.15
10.1.1 At propane flow rate of 0,13 Nm /h .15
10.1.2 At propane flow rate of 0,4 Nm /h .15
10.2 Flame length index .15
10.2.1 At propane flow rate of 0,13 Nm /h .15
10.2.2 At propane flow rate of 0,4 Nm /h .15
10.3 Smoke density .16
11 Expression of results .16
11.1 Individual results .16
11.2 Ranking system .16
12 Precision .16
13 Test report .16
Annex A (normative) Verification of propane pressure and flow rate .17
Annex B (normative) Verification of propane flame characteristics .18
Annex C (normative) Test apparatus calibration .23
Annex D (informative) Fire-resistant classification scheme .25
Annex E (informative) Examples of pro-forma for test results .26
Bibliography .29
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established, has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels
and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources.
This first edition of ISO 15029-2 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 15029-2:2012 which has been technically
revised. Definitions and some procedural steps have been further clarified based on comments
received from the market. This method has now largely superseded the older procedure in ISO 15029-1
in specifications and fluid development. Unlike ISO 15029-1, this document is a method that can rank
fluids in terms of their spray flammability and as several test rigs are available, is capable of the
generation of some precision data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15029 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15029-2:2018(E)
Petroleum and related products — Determination of spray
ignition characteristics of fire-resistant fluids —
Part 2:
Spray test — Stabilised flame heat release method
WARNING — Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of users of this standard to ensure appropriate measures to safeguard
the health and safety of personnel prior to application of the standard, and to determine the
applicability of any other restrictions.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method by which the fire hazards of pressurised sprays of fire-resistant
fluids can be compared. Two sizes of propane flame are used to ignite and stabilise combustion of an
air-atomised release of fluid. Measurements related to the rate of heat release, length of flame and
density of smoke give quantitative information on the fire behaviour of the fluid.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 9162, Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Liquefied petroleum gases — Specifications
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
stabilised spray flame
point at which the rate of energy release, flame length and other combustion properties, are steady as a
function of time, so that sensible time-averaged values can be calculated
3.2
flame length
distance in millimetres from the vertical centre line of the gas burner to the furthest downstream point
reached by the visible flame
3.3
flame length index
function of the flame length and propane flow rate corrected to the nearest integer
3.4
ignitability factor
function of heat release at a specific propane flow rate corrected to the nearest integer
3.5
smoke density
function of smoke opacity in the flue pipe measured before and after introduction of the test fluid
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 5659-2:2017, 3.8.
4 Principle
A pre-conditioned flow of the test fluid is delivered to a test chamber through a twin-fluid atomiser.
Compressed air, supplied to the nozzle at a controlled rate, is used to produce an atomised spray, which
is exposed to a defined flame of a gas burner present throughout the test. As a result of heat input at a
steady rate from the gas flame, a stabilised spray flame (3.1) is produced so that combustion properties,
such as the rate of energy release, flame length, (3.2) and smoke production (3.5) are sufficiently steady
over time to allow time-averaged values to be measured.
Temperatures are measured both at the entry to the combustion chamber and in the exhaust, with
the burner operating first without, and then with, release of the test fluid. The flame length (3.2) and
smoke opacity of the exhaust can be measured. Calculations of functions, such as flame length index
(3.3) ignitability factor (3.4) and smoke density (3.5) are made from these measurements. A system
for ranking the performance of fire-resistant fluids based upon these measurements and computed
performance indices is proposed.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Propane, high purity (minimum 98 %) grade, conforming to the requirements of ISO 9162.
5.2 Nitrogen, oxygen-free, commercial grade.
5.3 Compressed air.
5.4 Water, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696:1987.
5.5 Mono ethylene glycol, laboratory grade (98 % purity).
5.6 A solvent compatible with the tested fluid, laboratory grade.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6 Apparatus
6.1 Test installation
6.1.1 General
The major components of the installation are described in 6.1.2 to 6.1.6.
Figure 1 gives a general layout of the test installation.
Key
1 combustion chamber 9 air flow
2 atomiser 10 air entry thermocouple (T T )
A1, A2
3 anemometer 11 flame length measurement
4 burner 12 exhaust gas thermocouple (T , T )
P EX
5 cowling 13 smoke opacimeter
6 propane input 14 air injection to jet pump
7 atomising air input 15 exhaust
8 fluid input
Figure 1 — General view of installation
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a suggested layout of the test equipment detailing the different
input streams to the combustion chamber and exhaust duct. In this Figure A, B and C respectively refer
to the propane, air and fluid delivery streams.
Key
1 jet pump P1 pressure gauge 0 MPa to 2,5 MPa
2 atomiser P2 pressure gauge 0 MPa to 27,6 MPa
3 pilot burner P3 pressure gauge 0 MPa to 2,5 MPa
4 induced air input 1,3 m/s to 1,5 m/s P4 pressure gauge 0 MPa to 0,6 MPa
5 mixing chamber P5 pressure gauge 0 MPa to 0,2 MPa
6 test fluid 13 °C to 25 °C F1 liquid flow meter 90 ml/min ± 0,5 ml/min
variable area flow meter or equivalent 0,4 Nm /h to
7 drain F2
3,0 Nm /h
variable area flow meter or equivalent 0,1 Nm /h to
8 air in F3
0,5 Nm /h
T3 fluid thermocouple V1–7 shut-off valves
T4 atomising air thermocouple V8-V11 pressure regulators
T5 propane gas thermocouple V12-V14 flow control valves
S fluid filter
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of suggested test rig layout
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.1.2 Combustion chamber
This shall be fabricated from steel sheet, 8 mm thick, of square cross-section with internal dimensions
of (2 000 ± 5) mm × (490 ± 5) mm × (490 ± 5) mm. The inner and outer surfaces shall be painted with
black heat-resistant paint. A clear window of heat-resistant glass, 8,5 mm thick, shall be located in one
side of the chamber. The glass shall be (1 920 ± 10) mm × (525 ± 10) mm providing an open area of the
window of (1 880 ± 10) mm × (480 ± 10) mm. The window is hinged from below to allow access to the
chamber. The window shall be clamped shut during use and sealed with mineral fibre tape to avoid
ingress of air (see Figure 3).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 combustion chamber 6 anemometer
2 contraction 7 propane gas thermocouple
3 flue pipe 8 atomising air thermocouple
4 exhaust gas thermocouple 9 fluid inlet pipe
5 ambient air thermocouple B end of fluid delivery nozzle
Figure 3 — Combustion chamber and exhaust system
6.1.3 Extraction system
The combustion chamber exit (Figure 3) shall be connected to a contraction fabricated from steel sheet
1 mm thick, providing a transition from the square to a circular cross-section with an internal diameter
of 250 mm ± 4 mm. This contraction, 750 mm ± 10 mm long, connected to a horizontal section of flue
pipe 1 400 mm ± 10 mm in length that in turn may be connected to further exhaust ducting or a clearing
system that shall be designed to provide stable conditions in the combustion chamber during a test.
The air flow, through the chamber, is produced by a jet pump mounted in the exhaust duct producing
an air velocity of 1,4 m/s ± 0,1 m/s measured 50 mm ± 2 mm inside the open end of the combustion
chamber inlet, and 200 mm ± 5 mm along the entry plane diagonal from one upper corner of the test
chamber (Figure 3). The temperature of the air entering the chamber shall be sufficiently constant
within the range 10 °C to 25 °C, such that the temperature variation over a period of 30 s shall not
exceed 1 °C. The relative humidity of the air shall lie between 40 % and 80 %.
6.1.4 Spray delivery system
6.1.4.1 Reservoir
The test fluid shall be contained in a steel reservoir of minimum capacity 3 l, designed for an internal
pressure of 2,5 MPa at 20 °C. The flow of fluid from the reservoir is provided by means of pressurised
nitrogen (5.2) supplied to the upper part of the reservoir, with a valve situated in the nitrogen supply
pipe. Means shall be provided to permit complete drainage of the system.
6.1.4.2 Test fluid delivery
The fluid volume flow rate can be measured with a suitable flowmeter and controlled to 90 ml/
min ± 0,5 ml/min by means of a needle valve or other equivalent device. The fluid temperature is
maintained between 10 °C and 25 °C, and measured by a thermocouple located immediately before the
1)
fluid nozzle. The fluid is delivered to the atomiser through nylon and/or steel piping with an internal
diameter of 7,5 mm ± 2,5 mm, rated at 2 MPa and the flowmeter shall be located 350 mm ± 150 mm
downstream of the valve. A standard oil filter can be incorporated in the line.
6.1.4.3 Compressed air
Compressed air shall be supplied via a suitable mesh filter to remove droplets and particulates, at a
3 3
steady flow rate of 1,92 Nm /h ± 0,05 Nm /h at a pressure of 0,2 MPa. The flow rate shall be measured
3 3
with a variable area flowmeter or other equivalent device having a range of 0,4 Nm /h to 3,0 Nm /h,
located 3 500 mm ± 500 mm before the spray jet at a pressure of 0,2 MPa, and controlled by a valve
installed downstream of the flowmeter. The temperature of the atomising air shall be between 10 °C
and 25 °C.
6.1.5 Burner system
6.1.5.1 System design
The gas burner, constructed of brass and illustrated in Figure 4, provides a continuous ignition source
using propane (5.1) pre-mixed with air. It incorporates a nozzle, drilled to a diameter of 0,68 mm,
and two mixing chambers, the whole mounted rigidly on to a steel base plate of 6 mm thickness (see
Figure 5). The exit of the 26 mm internal diameter mixing chamber shall be 143 mm ± 1 mm below the
centre line of the atomiser, and a distance of 42,5 mm ± 1 mm downstream of the atomiser orifice. If
required, the burner can be manufactured from the illustration given in Figure 5.
Propane, at a minimum pressure of 0,25 MPa, shall be supplied through 4 000 mm ± 1 000 mm of
flexible tubing of 6 mm ± 2 mm bore, to an assembly of a pressure gauge, flowmeter and valve. Further
flexible and/or metal tubing, 2 500 mm ± 500 mm in length and of a minimum bore of 6 mm, is installed
between the valve in the assembly and the gas burner.
3 3
At a controlled pressure of 0,2 MPa, the propane flow rate shall be either 0,13 Nm /h ± 0,005 Nm /h, or
3 3
0,40 Nm /h ± 0,005 Nm /h, depending upon specific test requirements. The flow rate shall be measured
3 3
with a variable area flowmeter having a range of 0,10 Nm /h to 0,50 Nm /h and of suitable resolution.
The temperature of the propane on entering the burner shall be between 10 °C and 25 °C.
1) Body type B1/4JB-BSS with SU12-22 manufactured by Spraying Systems Company (http: //www .spray .com) is
an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is for the convenience of users of this part
of ISO 15029 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
6 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.1.5.2 System verification
Upon installation the system shall be verified for conformity to the standard design. Annexes A
and B describe protocols for checking the control systems and flame characteristics. This should be
done at least annually or if it is suspected that the burner characteristics have changed. The burner
may be checked by sampling the flame temperature at a few selected locations and comparing the
measurements with the standard values given in Annex B. The flame characteristics can be adjusted by
positioning of the regulation collar in relation to the burner air inlet port (Figure 4).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 mixing chamber 1 5 nozzle holder with flash-back unit 9 straight male adaptor
2 mixing chamber 2 6 washer 10 locking screw
3 regulation collar 7 washer 11 locking screw
4 burner nozzle 8 sealing ring 12 completed assembly
Figure 4 — Propane burner
8 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.1.6 Burner and atomiser mounting
6.1.6.1 Mounting
The atomiser and burner assembly, on the steel base plate, is protected by a cowling fabricated from
1 mm thick sheet steel bent into the form shown in Figure 5, with a height of 300 mm ± 1 mm, overall
width of 97 mm ± 1 mm, and overall length of 255 mm ± 1 mm. The burner shall also be protected from
the surrounding air flow by a cylindrical cowling of 87 mm ± 1 mm diameter, containing a vertical slot
with an external opening of 61 mm ± 2 mm on its upstream face. Three threaded supports provide a
means of elevation of this cowling, with its upper part at a distance of 37 mm ± 2 mm from the horizontal
plane passing through the atomiser axis.
6.1.6.2 Placement
The base plate is positioned on the floor of the combustion chamber with the atomiser orifice
500 mm ± 5 mm downstream of the combustion chamber inlet orifice. Connections through the base
plate and combustion chamber floor shall be provided for the supply of air, propane and test fluid to the
burner and atomiser as appropriate.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 spray nozzle 4 propane burner
2 fluid supply 5 base plate
3 air supply 6 cowling
Figure 5 — Atomiser and burner system
6.2 Instrumentation
6.2.1 Temperature sensors
Five T-type Cu-CuNi thermocouples with an outer diameter of 1,5 mm, conforming to the requirements
of IEC 60584-1, or temperature measurement devices of equivalent precision and accuracy, are
positioned as illustrated in Figure 2. The third thermocouple is positioned in the test fluid reservoir
with at least 50 mm of sheath completely immersed in the fluid, and not in contact with the vessel wall.
All the thermocouples shall be used with 0 °C reference junctions, in accordance with IEC 60584-1.
Measurement accuracy shall be ±0,5 °C over the range 15 °C to 200 °C, and the temperature resolution
shall be 0,1 °C.
The accuracy of the test result is highly dependent upon the accurate positioning, particularly in the
vertical of the exhaust gas thermocouple. This shall be located with an accuracy of ±0,5 mm and checked
before the commencement of each new series of tests.
Where a computer is used, both this and the data acquisition system shall be capable of calculating
averages of at least 100 values of each temperature measured over 120 s. Where manual data collection
is employed digital temperature readouts should be used with an accuracy of ±0,1 °C.
6.2.2 Anemometer
The air flow velocity in the combustion chamber is measured using a rotating vane anemometer with a
vane diameter of 95 mm ± 30 mm located as illustrated in Figure 2 (including section A).
6.2.3 Humidity sensors
The relative humidity of the incoming air used in each test series shall be measured and recorded at the
beginning and end of each day of testing.
6.2.4 Flame length scale
A linear scale of at least 1 m in length, with a resolution of no greater than 10 mm, shall be attached to
the combustion chamber side window.
6.2.5 Smoke meter
A white light obscuration smoke opacity meter, using an illuminated beam of 20 mm ± 5 mm diameter,
is mounted 625 mm ± 125 mm downstream of the contraction in the flue pipe. The arrangement shall
2)
not reduce light transmission by soot deposits by more than 5 % .
6.2.6 Calibration of instruments
6.2.6.1 Temperature sensors: all the temperature sensors shall be calibrated in accordance with
relevant standards and appropriate corrections shall be applied to observed readings.
6.2.6.2 Smoke meter: the output of the smoke meter shall be calibrated before and after using at least
three neutral density filters inserted in the light beam, giving 25 %, 50 % and 75 % light obscuration use.
Observed readings shall be corrected for deviations in linearity.
6.2.6.3 Other meters: flowmeters and the anemometer shall be calibrated according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations or at least annually by means traceable to a relevant standard, and the
appropriate corrections made to observed readings.
2) A suitable instrument is the DIN 50055 White Light Smoke Measurement System manufactured by Fire Testing
Technology of East Grinstead, UK. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does
not constitute and endorsement by ISO. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same
results.
10 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.2.6.4 Humidity sensor: the relative humidity sensor should be calibrated according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations and appropriate corrections shall be applied to all observed readings.
6.2.6.5 Test apparatus: prior to each new series of tests, the entire test apparatus shall be calibrated
for ignitability factor by the procedure described in Annex C and corrected values used for reporting, as
described in 10.1. It is important that any changes in the measured ignitability factor values obtaine
...