ISO 4901:2011
(Main)Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated-polyester resins - Determination of the residual styrene monomer content, as well as the content of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, by gas chromatography
Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated-polyester resins - Determination of the residual styrene monomer content, as well as the content of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, by gas chromatography
ISO 4901:2011 specifies a method for the determination, by gas chromatography, of the residual styrene monomer in reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resins in the polymerized state. The residual styrene monomer content is an important criterion in evaluating the degree of cure of UP resins in the polymerized state. The method can also be used for the simultaneous determination of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in UP resins. The method is not applicable to UP resins of high chemical resistance.
Plastiques renforcΓ©s Γ base de rΓ©sines de polyesters non saturΓ©s β DΓ©termination du styrΓ¨ne monomΓ¨re rΓ©siduel, ainsi que d'autres hydrocarbures aromatiques volatils, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 08-Aug-2011
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 61/SC 12 - Thermosetting materials
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 03-Sep-2021
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 18-Dec-2008
Overview - ISO 4901:2011 (Residual styrene in UP resins)
ISO 4901:2011 specifies a standardized laboratory method for determining residual styrene monomer - and other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons - in reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resins, using gas chromatography (GC). The residual styrene content is an important indicator of the degree of cure of polymerized UP resins. The method covers sample preparation, extraction, calibration, GC operating requirements and result calculation. It is not applicable to UP resins of high chemical resistance.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Analytical principle: extraction of styrene from polymerized UP resin with an organic solvent, followed by GC quantification using an internal standard and calibration curve.
- Extraction: sample pieces cut into 1β2 mm strips, dried, then extracted (suspension) in solvent; typical standing time 15β20 hours with occasional shaking. Temperature during prep and extraction must remain β€ 25 Β°C.
- Solvent & internal standard: dichloromethane is specified for extraction; nβbutylbenzene is used as internal standard. Note: dichloromethane has health and safety risks; acetone/ethyl acetate are being evaluated as alternatives.
- Gas chromatography: open, tubular fusedβsilica column (capillary), carrier gas helium or nitrogen, FID detector with hydrogen/air flame. GC conditions must achieve adequate separation - peak resolution R > 1.5 between target peaks and neighboring peaks.
- Calibration & quantification: prepare stock and multiple calibration solutions; use peak area ratios normalized to the internal standard and compute styrene content per the calibration graph.
- Supplementary requirements: determine glass or mineral filler content (ISO 1172) if results are to be expressed on resin-only basis.
- Safety note: the standard warns about solvent toxicity and laboratory safety practices.
Practical applications and users
Who uses ISO 4901:2011:
- Quality control laboratories in composite and reinforced-plastics manufacturing
- Materials engineers monitoring degree of cure and residual monomer levels
- R&D teams developing UP resin formulations and cure cycles
- External testing and certification labs assessing compliance with material specifications
Practical benefits:
- Provides a reproducible, internationally accepted GC procedure for reporting residual styrene and other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons
- Supports process control, product acceptance, failure investigation and regulatory reporting
- Enables comparable data between laboratories through defined sample prep, calibration and chromatographic performance criteria
Related standards
- ISO 472 - Plastics - Vocabulary (terms and definitions referenced)
- ISO 1172 - Textile-glass-reinforced plastics - Determination of glass and mineral-filler content (calcination), used when expressing results on resin basis
Keywords: ISO 4901:2011, residual styrene monomer, unsaturated polyester (UP) resins, gas chromatography, reinforced plastics, volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, degree of cure, nβbutylbenzene, dichloromethane, FID.
ISO 4901:2011 - Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated-polyester resins -- Determination of the residual styrene monomer content, as well as the content of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, by gas chromatography
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 4901:2011 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated-polyester resins - Determination of the residual styrene monomer content, as well as the content of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, by gas chromatography". This standard covers: ISO 4901:2011 specifies a method for the determination, by gas chromatography, of the residual styrene monomer in reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resins in the polymerized state. The residual styrene monomer content is an important criterion in evaluating the degree of cure of UP resins in the polymerized state. The method can also be used for the simultaneous determination of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in UP resins. The method is not applicable to UP resins of high chemical resistance.
ISO 4901:2011 specifies a method for the determination, by gas chromatography, of the residual styrene monomer in reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resins in the polymerized state. The residual styrene monomer content is an important criterion in evaluating the degree of cure of UP resins in the polymerized state. The method can also be used for the simultaneous determination of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in UP resins. The method is not applicable to UP resins of high chemical resistance.
ISO 4901:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.120 - Reinforced plastics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 4901:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 4901:1985. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 4901:2011 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4901
Second edition
2011-08-15
Reinforced plastics based on
unsaturated-polyester resins β
Determination of the residual styrene
monomer content, as well as the content
of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons,
by gas chromatography
Plastiques renforcΓ©s Γ base de rΓ©sines de polyesters non saturΓ©s β
Détermination du styrène monomère résiduel, ainsi que d'autres
hydrocarbures aromatiques volatils, par chromatographie en phase
gazeuse
Reference number
Β©
ISO 2011
Β© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
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Published in Switzerland
ii Β© ISO 2011 β All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Preparation of sample . 3
8 Procedure . 3
8.1 General . 3
8.2 Preparation of extraction solvent . 3
8.3 Preparation of test solution . 3
8.4 Determination of glass and mineral content . 3
8.5 Preparation of calibration solutions . 4
8.6 Gas-chromatographic procedure . 4
9 Expression of results . 6
9.1 Calculation of results from a calibration graph . 6
9.2 Calculation of the content of styrene (or another aromatic hydrocarbon) in the original UP
resin sample . 7
9.3 Calculation of the content of styrene (or another aromatic hydrocarbon) in the pure UP
resin . 8
10 Test report . 8
Annex A (informative) Typical operating conditions . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4901 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 12, Thermosetting
materials.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4901:1985), which has been technically revised
(for details, see the Introduction).
iv Β© ISO 2011 β All rights reserved
Introduction
During the 25 years since publication of the first edition of this International Standard, ISO 4901:1985,
significant advances have been made in analytical techniques such as gas chromatography. The standard
has therefore been completely revised. The following are the main changes which have been made:
a) In addition to a gas-chromatographic method, the first edition of ISO 4901 included, as an alternative, a
classical method, Wijs' method, based on an iodometric titration. This method had been included in the
first edition for laboratories in which gas chromatography was not available. As, nowadays,
chromatography is considered to be a routine analytical tool, Wijs' method has been removed from the
standard.
b) Packed gas-chromatography columns have generally been replaced by open, tubular columns which
operate under completely different conditions. In the revised test method, therefore, only an open, tubular
column is used.
c) In addition, the gas-chromatographic method has been extended to cover not only styrene but also other
aromatic hydrocarbons which might have been used as solvents or starting materials in producing the
unsaturated polyester resin.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4901:2011(E)
Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated-polyester resins β
Determination of the residual styrene monomer content, as well
as the content of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, by gas
chromatography
WARNING β Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice, if
applicable. This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
to ensure compliance with any regulatory requirements.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination, by gas chromatography, of the residual
styrene monomer in reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resins in the polymerized state.
The residual styrene monomer content is an important criterion in evaluating the degree of cure of UP resins
in the polymerized state. The method can also be used for the simultaneous determination of other volatile
aromatic hydrocarbons in UP resins.
The method is not applicable to UP resins of high chemical resistance.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 472, Plastics β Vocabulary
ISO 1172, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics β Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates β Determination
of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content β Calcination methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 apply.
4 Principle
Styrene is extracted from the UP resin in the polymerized state using dichloromethane. The styrene in the
extract is determined by gas chromatography, using an internal standard and a calibration curve.
5 Materials
5.1 n-Butylbenzene, analytical grade, for use as an internal standard.
5.2 Dichloromethane, analytical grade, for use as the extraction solvent.
WARNING β Dichloromethane is harmful when swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It
affects the central nervous system, the liver, the cardiovascular system and the blood. It causes
irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It is also a suspected cancer hazard, the risk of cancer
depending on the level and duration of exposure.
NOTE In view of the toxicity and suspected carcinogenic characterics of dichloromethane, acetone and ethyl acetate
are being tested as replacements. If the results of this work demonstrate conclusively that either one or both of these
solvents are suitable, this International Standard will be revised accordingly.
5.3 Styrene, analytical grade, and, if relevant, other aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene,
ethylbenzene and Ξ±-methylstyrene, also analytical grade.
NOTE An aromatic hydrocarbon is considered to be relevant if it is used as a solvent or starting material in the UP
resin production process.
5.4 Carrier gas and FID fuel gases:
οΎ carrier gas: helium or nitrogen;
οΎ FID fuel gases: hydrogen and air.
6 Apparatus
Normal laboratory equipment and the following apparatus are required:
6.1 Cutting device, equipped with a water-cooled diamond blade, for cutting the UP resin into strips of
width 1 mm to 2 mm.
6.2 Gas chromatograph, including the following components:
6.2.1 Injection port, equipped with a splitter, for use with liquid samples.
6.2.2 Open, tubular column, e.g. meeting the specifications given in Annex A.
6.2.3 Flame ionization detector (FID).
A typical instrument setup and typical operating conditions are given in Annex A. Other setups and operating
conditions may be used provided that the chromatograms obtained comply with the requirements given in
8.6.1.
6.3 Data processor, e.g. a computer (or the equivalent), to record the signals from the detector.
6.4 Sample injection syringe, i.e. a 1 ο Β΅l microsyringe, either as a separate item of apparatus or
incorporated in the auto-injector of the gas chromatograph.
6.5 Analytical balance, accurate to 0,1 mg.
2 Β© ISO 2011 β All rights reserved
7 Preparation of sample
Polymerized UP resin pieces of any shape that will permit the production of strips of width 1 mm to 2 mm may
be used. Cut the polymerized pieces into strips of width 1 mm to 2 mm. Dry the strips and break them into
pieces of length approximately 10 mm. During cutting and drying, avoid any operation that could affect the
styrene and/or volatile-hydrocarbon content.
8 Procedure
8.1 General
Three test portions of the sample (see Clause 7) shall be analysed.
During the preparation, dilution and extraction processes described below, the temperature of all solutions
shall remain ο£25 Β°C.
8.2 Preparation of extraction solvent
Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 mg, (250 ο± 50) mg of n-butylbenzene (5.1) into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask
containing approximately 500 ml of dichloromethane (5.2). Make up to the mark with dichloromethane (see,
however, next paragraph) and mix.
Alternatively, acetone (see Note to 5.2) may be used instead of dichloromethane, provided that the results can
be demonstrated to
...
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Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ 4901
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
2011-08-15
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅
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ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ».
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ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
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ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated-polyester resins β
Determination of the residual styrene monomer content, as well as the
content of other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, by gas chromatography
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ GOST R
(Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ) Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΉ 18.1 Π£ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ISO
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Β©
ISO 2011
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Β© ISO 2011
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΡ, Π±Π΅Π·
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ ISO ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ISO Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅
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ii Β© ISO 2011 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ .iv
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ .v
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ .1
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ .1
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ .1
4 ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ.1
5 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ .2
6 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°.2
7 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° .3
8 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° .3
8.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ .3
8.2 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ .3
8.3 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° .3
8.4 ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.3
8.5 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² .4
8.6 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.4
9 ΠΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² .6
9.1 Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡ.6
9.2 Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°) Π²
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ.7
9.3 Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°) Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ
UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅.8
10 ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.8
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) Π’ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ.9
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ISO) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ISO). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ISO. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ ISO, Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²
ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ISO, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ISO Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (IEC) ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ISO/IEC, Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ
Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, 75 % ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π². ISO Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π².
ISO 4901 ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ISO/TC 61, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ SC 12,
Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ISO 4901:1985), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅).
iv Β© ISO 2011 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ° 25 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ISO 4901:1985, Π±ΡΠ» Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
a) ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ISO 4901 Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅
Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΈΡ
Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΈΡ
Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°.
b) ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ,
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ.
c) ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ».
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ ISO 4901:2011(R)
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ». ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ β ΠΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ
Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π°
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ» (UP) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ».
ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ
.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊ UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ.
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
(Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ).
ISO 472, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ISO 1172, Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ISO 472.
4 ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ
Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ» ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π°. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ
ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊ.
5 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ
5.1 Π½-ΠΡΡΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ», Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°.
5.2 ΠΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ β ΠΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ. ΠΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ½ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π³Π»Π°Π· ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ
Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½.
5.3 Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ», Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ», ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ» ΠΈ Ξ±-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ», ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅,
Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ».
5.4 ΠΠ°Π·-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° (FID):
β― Π³Π°Π·-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ: Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ;
β― FID ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·Ρ: Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
.
6 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅:
6.1 Π Π΅ΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅Π·Π²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ· UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 1 ΠΌΠΌ β 2 ΠΌΠΌ.
6.2 ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ:
6.2.1 ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, ΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ².
6.2.2 ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ A.
6.2.3 ΠΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ (FID).
Π’ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ A. ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² 8.6.1.
6.3 ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ) Π΄Π»Ρ
Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°.
6.4 Π¨ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ 1 ΠΌΠΊΠ», Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
6.5 ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡ, Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 0,1 ΠΌΠ³.
2 Β© ISO 2011 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
7 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°
ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ UP ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 1 ΠΌΠΌ β 2 ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 1 ΠΌΠΌ β 2 ΠΌΠΌ.
Π‘ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 10 ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
8 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°
8.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° (ΡΠΌ.Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π» 7).
ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ β€25 Β°C.
8.2 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ (250 Β± 50) ΠΌΠ³ Π½-Π±ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° (5.1) Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 0,1 ΠΌΠ³ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π±Ρ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ
1 000 ΠΌΠ», ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 500 ΠΌΠ» Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° (5.2). ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ
(ΡΠΌ. ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ°Ρ) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ (ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ 5.2) Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½.
8.3 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°
ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 0,1 ΠΌΠ³ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π±Π΅
...
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