EN ISO 14692-2:2002

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Glasfaserverstärkte Kunstoffrohrleitungen (GFK) - Teil 2: Zulassung und Herstellung (ISO 14692-2:2002)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Canalisations en plastique renforcé de verre (PRV) - Partie 2: Conformité aux exigences de performance et fabrication (ISO 14692-2:2002)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping - Part 2: Qualification and manufacture (ISO 14692-2:2002)83.140.30Cevi, fitingi in ventili iz polimernih materialovPlastics pipes, fittings and valves75.200Petroleum products and natural gas handling equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 14692-2:2002SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004en01-maj-2004SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 14692-2December 2002ICS 75.200; 83.140.30English versionPetroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced plastics(GRP) piping - Part 2: Qualification and manufacture (ISO14692-2:2002)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Canalisations enplastique renforcé de verre (PRV) - Partie 2: Conformitéaux exigences de performance et fabrication (ISO 14692-2:2002)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 December 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14692-2:2002 ESIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

The foreword is susceptible to be amended on reception of the Germanlanguage version. The confirmed or amended foreword, and when appropriate, the normativeannex ZA for the references to international publications with their relevant Europeanpublications will be circulated with the German version.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 14692-2:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14692-2:2002 without anymodifications.SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

Reference numberISO 14692-2:2002(E)© ISO 2002
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14692-2First edition2002-12-15Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping —Part 2: Qualification and manufacture Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Canalisations en plastique renforcé de verre (PRV) — Partie 2: Conformité aux exigences de performance et fabrication
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ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved iii Content Page Foreword.v Introduction.vi 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.3 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.3 5 Materials of construction and wall thickness limitations.3 5.1 General.3 5.2 Fibre.3 5.3 Resin.3 5.4 Joints.4 5.5 Wall thickness limitations.5 6 Qualification programme.5 6.1 General.5 6.2 Qualification pressure and temperature.6 6.3 Effect of temperature and chemical resistance.16 6.4 Optional qualification requirements.17 6.5 Fire performance.18 6.6 Electrical conductivity and electrostatic dissipative properties.21 6.7 Additional component properties.24 6.8 Component data for quality control baseline.25 7 Preferred dimensions.26 7.1 Nominal diameters.26 7.2 Bend radii.27 7.3 Fitting lengths.27 8 Quality programme for manufacture.27 8.1 General requirements.27 8.2 Quality control equipment.28 8.3 Quality control tests.28 8.4 Quality control records.34 9 Component marking.35 9.1 General.35 9.2 Requirements.35 10 Handling, storage and transportation.36 11 Documentation.36 11.1 General.36 11.2 Purchase order documentation.36 11.3 Qualification documentation.36 11.4 Production quality control documentation.37 11.5 Installation documentation.38 11.6 Published values.38 Annex A (informative)
Examples of component requirements for qualification.41 Annex B (informative)
Pressure qualification test ratios.43 Annex C (normative)
Failure enveloppe.46 SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) iv © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved Annex D (informative)
Guidance on determination of partial factors A1 and A2 for temperature and chemical resistance.48 Annex E (normative)
Fire endurance testing.50 Annex F (normative)
Modifications to fire reaction test procedures.59 Annex G (normative)
Determination of electrostatic properties of GRP pipe system components.61 Annex H (normative)
Preferred dimensions.72 Annex I (informative)
Example of enquiry sheet.75 Annex J (informative)
Example of qualification summary form.76 Annex K (normative)
Least-square method for calculating the long-term hydrostatic pressure from regression data.78 Bibliography.86
ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14692-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and systems. ISO 14692 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping: =Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials =Part 2: Qualification and manufacture =Part 3: System design =Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) vi © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved Introduction The objective of this part of ISO 14692 is to enable the purchase of GRP components with known and consistent properties from any source. Main users of the document will be the principal and the manufacturer, certifying authorities and government agencies.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 2: Qualification and manufacture 1 Scope This part of ISO 14692 gives requirements for the qualification and manufacture of GRP piping and fittings in order to enable the purchase of GRP components with known and consistent properties from any source. It is applicable to qualification procedures, preferred dimensions, quality programmes, component marking and documentation. This part of ISO 14692 is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 14692-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 834-1, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements ISO 1172, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics — Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates — Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content — Calcination methods ISO 4901, Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester resin — Determination of residual styrene monomer content ISO 6721-1, Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 1: General principles ISO 7822:1990, Textile glass reinforced plastics — Determination of void content — Loss on ignition, mechanical disintegration and statistical counting methods ISO 10467:—1), Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure drainage and sewerage — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin ISO 10639:—1), Plastics piping systems for water supply, with or without pressure — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin ISO 11357-2, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature
1) To be published. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) 2 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved ISO 14692-1:2002, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials ASTM C177, Standard test method for steady-state heat flux measurements and thermal transmission properties by means of the guarded-hot-plate apparatus ASTM D257, Standard test methods for DC resistance or conductance of insulating materials ASTM D696, Standard test method for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics between −30 °C and 30 °C with a vitreous silica dilatometer ASTM D1598, Standard test method for time-to-failure of plastic pipe under constant internal pressure ASTM D1599, Standard test method for resistance to short-time hydraulic failure pressure of plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings ASTM D2105, Standard test method for longitudinal tensile properties of “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin) pipe and tube ASTM D2143, Standard test method for cyclic pressure strength of reinforced, thermosetting plastic pipe ASTM D2412, Standard test method for determination of external loading characteristics of plastic pipe by parallel-plate loading ASTM D2583, Standard test method for indentation hardness of rigid plastics by means of a barcol impressor ASTM D2925, Standard test method for beam deflection of “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) pipe under full bore flow ASTM D2992, Standard practice for obtaining hydrostatic or pressure design basis for “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin) pipe and fittings ASTM D3567, Standard practice for determining dimensions of “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) pipe and fittings ASTM D4024, Standard specification for machine made “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) flanges ASTM D5421, Standard specification for contact molded “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) flanges ASTM E1529, Standard test methods for determining effects of large hydrocarbon pool fires on structural members and assemblies ASTM E2092, Standard test method for distorsion temperature in three-point bending by thermomechanical analysis API Spec 15HR, Specification for high pressure fiberglass line pipe API Spec 5B 14th edition, Gauging and inspection of casing, tubing, and line pipe threads IMO Resolution A 653(16), Recommendation on improved fire test procedures for surface flammability of bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials IMO MSC.61(67) International code for application of fire test procedures (FTP code) SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved 3 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14692-1 and the following apply. 3.1 fire endurance property ability of an element of the structure or component to continue to perform its function as a barrier or structural component during the course of a fire for a specified period of time 3.2 fire reaction properties material-related properties concerned with time to ignition, surface flame-spread characteristics including smouldering and post-fire-exposure flaming, and rate of heat, smoke and toxic gas release 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this part of ISO 14692, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO 14692-1 apply. 5 Materials of construction and wall thickness limitations 5.1 General Permissible materials of construction are identified in 5.2 to 5.4. These shall be qualified in accordance with the qualification programme given in Clause 6. Changes in materials of construction require components to be re-qualified in accordance with 6.2.8. 5.2 Fibre The principal reinforcement material of the component wall shall be glass fibre, e.g. continuous and/or woven rovings. The application of this part of ISO 14692 to pipes manufactured with other reinforcement fibres shall be done with caution and in agreement with the principal. Other types of fibre reinforcement, such as carbon or aramid fibre, may be used to provide local strengthening within fittings. Such components shall be qualified by survival tests according to 6.2.3.2.2. Use of low electrical resistivity fibres, e.g. carbon, for non-structural purposes to provide electrical conductivity shall be permitted. NOTE 1 Glass fibre is the preferred reinforcement material because there is little information available about the long-term pressure retention, impact and fire performance of pipes manufactured from other reinforcement materials such as carbon or aramid fibre. NOTE 2 If significant quantities of carbon are present, either as fibre or filler, it may be necessary to electrically insulate the surface of the component where it could come into contact with adjacent metal components with glass-fibre-reinforced material because of the risk of galvanic corrosion. 5.3 Resin The manufacture of components shall be limited to thermosetting resins. Typical resins are epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester and phenolic. NOTE 1 See ISO 14692-1:2002, Clause 6. Caution shall be applied to the use of fillers within the resin, since these can result in differing properties compared to the base resin, which will affect the long-term performance of the pipe. The resin shall have a glass transition temperature, Tg, that is greater than or equal to 95 °C. The Tg shall be 30 °C above the standard qualification temperature, which is 65 °C. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) 4 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved The qualification requirements given in this part of ISO 14692 are not applicable to pipe systems that incorporate internal thermoplastic or elastomeric liners. NOTE 2 The use of a thermoplastic liner will result in change of the failure mode for pressure retention. Such liners also have an influence on the fire endurance and electrostatic properties of the pipe. Thermosetting resins that incorporate fibres or other filler material may be used as a liner on the inside of the pipe to provide enhanced performance, e.g. wear resistance and electrical conductivity. The liner material shall be compatible with the service conditions. External coatings may be used to provide thermal insulation, fire resistance or electrical conductivity. However, consideration shall be given to identifying how such coatings affect the ability to detect possible leakage paths through the wall of the component during hydrotesting, or the effect that the additional mass of external coating may have on the overall stress analysis. 5.4 Joints 5.4.1 General The joints are often the greatest area of concern with regard to the overall integrity of the piping system. The principal types of joint are: a) adhesive/resin for bonded/laminated joints; and b) mechanical joints. The requirements given in 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 apply. The manufacturer shall apply an equivalent level of qualification requirements to new jointing systems that may be developed in the future. 5.4.2 Adhesive/resin for bonded/laminated joints The adhesive to be used in the factory or field shall be the same as that used in the qualification tests. The adhesive/laminating resin shall have properties suitable for field assembly and shall fulfil the following requirements. a) The adhesive or laminating resin shall have a suitable viscosity for application at site temperature and humidity conditions. b) The degree of cure shall be determined in accordance with the procedures given in 6.8.2. The following shall apply, depending on the method used to determine degree of cure: =the glass transition temperature, Tg, of the cured adhesive or resin shall not be less than 95 % of the minimum value quoted by the manufacturer for the adhesive or resin system, as measured in accordance with 6.8.2.2; =the styrene content shall be no more than 2 % (mass fraction) of resin content, as measured in accordance with 6.8.2.3; =the Barcol hardness shall be at least 90 % of the minimum value quoted by the supplier and agreed with the principal, as measured in accordance with 6.8.2.4. If an alternative method has been used to determine the baseline for degree of cure, then the acceptance criteria for quality control shall be in agreement with the principal. c) The supplier shall record the test procedures used to determine the adhesive/resin properties. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved 5 5.4.3 Mechanical joints The manufacturer shall ensure that the materials of construction of ancillaries such as O-rings, lubricants, gaskets, mastic and locking strips are suitable for the intended service conditions. 5.5 Wall thickness limitations The structural calculations given in this part of ISO 14692 are only valid for thickness-to-diameter ratios that are in accordance with Equation (1). r0,1tDu (1) where tr is the average reinforced thickness of the wall, in millimetres, i.e. excluding liner and added thickness for fire protection; D is the mean diameter, in millimetres, of the structural portion of the wall. In order to provide sufficient robustness during handling and installation, the minimum total wall thickness, tmin, of all components shall be defined as: For Di W 100 mm: tmin W 3 mm (2) For Di < 100 mm: minitD W 0,025 mm (3) where Di is the internal diameter of the reinforced wall of the component, in millimetres. For more onerous applications, for example offshore, consideration should be given to increasing the minimum wall thickness to 5 mm. The minimum wall thickness of the pipe at the joint, i.e. at the location of the O-ring or locking-strip groove, shall be at least the minimum thickness used for the qualified pipe body. Depending on location, the system design pressure and other design factors can significantly increase the required wall thickness. 6 Qualification programme 6.1 General The qualification programme consists of standard methods for quantifying component performance with respect to static internal pressure, elevated temperature, chemical resistance, electrostatic and fire performance properties, with optional methods for quantifying potable water, impact, low temperature and limited cyclic pressure performance. The manufacturer is required to determine a qualified pressure pq, see 6.2.1.1, which is related to the manufacturer's nominal pressure rating pNPR by the expression given in Equation (4). pNPR = f2 ⋅ f3,man ⋅ pq (4) where f2
is a load factor (or safety factor); f3,man is a factor to account for the limited axial load capability of GRP. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) 6 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved NOTE 1 See 7.2 and 7.10 of ISO 14692-3:2002 for further explanation. The manufacturer shall provide the values of f2 and f3,man used to develop a purchase quotation. Values of f2 = 0,67 and f3,man = 0,85 are recommended as a default. NOTE 2 f3,man is based on f3 which is not a fixed parameter and is strongly dependent on the application and qualified pressure of the material. Components that have been subjected to qualification testing shall not be used as part of a GRP pipeline or piping system. The qualification programme also includes testing of components in order to provide data for a) quality control, b) system design. NOTE 3 For flat regression curves (see 6.2.1.1) with a regression gradient of less than 0,03 it may not be possible, due to statistical uncertainty in extrapolation, to derive pq. 6.2 Qualification pressure and temperature 6.2.1 General 6.2.1.1 Pressure terminology and service conditions Manufacturers shall assign all components a qualified pressure, pq, expressed in megapascals2), as determined according to 6.2.2. The following service conditions apply. a) The qualified pressure is based on a standard service life of 20 years at a temperature of 65 °C. b) The effect of operation at other temperatures and chemical degradation from the transported medium shall be accounted for by partial factors A1 and A2 in accordance with 6.3.2 and 6.3.3. c) A minimum test temperature of 65 °C is required for the regression tests and the 1 000 h survival tests. 6.2.1.2 Test requirements The qualified pressure of all components shall be verified in accordance with the requirements described in 6.2.2. The manufacturer shall document the key factors that define the component to be qualified in accordance with 11.3. These include, but are not limited to: a) materials of construction, b) dimensions, including those of joints and ancillaries determined in accordance with ASTM D3567 or other suitable standard, c) manufacturing processing conditions. The objective of the qualification procedure is to verify the proposed qualified pressure of each component. Qualification tests are proof tests of specific representatives of a given product family and do not need to be repeated for each order or project. However, changes to any of the product family characteristics detailed in 6.2.8 shall require re-qualification. The length of test pieces for qualification of pipes and joints shall be in accordance with ISO 10639:—, Table 14 and ISO 10467:—, Table 14.
2) 1 bar = 0,1 MPa. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved 7 Components (fittings or joints) can be tested as either single units or, if appropriate, as assemblies made up with pipe sections in order that the combined integrity of the component and pipe are verified. All joints shall be made up in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for field assembly as detailed in 11.5. The length of pipe needed to remove the influence of end-fittings when testing assemblies or spool pieces shall not be less than three times the mean structural diameter D of the pipe. For pipes and fittings where the diameter, D, to structural wall thickness, tr, ratio is greater than 10, then pipe lengths shorter than three times the internal diameter may be used, with a minimum length of 150 mm. The length of pipe shall be determined from Equation (5): L = ()0,5r2tD×× (5) where D is the mean structural diameter of the pipe, in millimetres; tr is the average reinforced wall thickness, in millimetres. All qualification tests shall generally be conducted with unrestrained ends such that the full pressure-induced axial load is borne by the component. An exception is made for systems where the end loads are representative of field loadings, for example by supports. Such circumstances require special considerations, and qualification tests conducted with restrained ends shall be with agreement of the principal. All tests specified shall be carried out by, or witnessed and certified by, an independent third-party agent approved by the principal. The qualification of each component shall be documented in both a qualification report and a summary as detailed in 11.3.2 and 11.3.3. 6.2.1.3 Component definitions In order to keep the total test burden within acceptable limits but at the same time to control the use of test data beyond their limits of applicability, the concept of a product family and its subdivisions is used in this part of ISO 14692. The definitions given in ISO 14692-1:2002 for product family (2.2.100), product family representative (2.2.101), product sector (2.2.102), product sector representative (2.2.103) and component variant (2.2.9) are used in order to rationalize the requirements for qualification testing. The product family representative is the component that is taken to be representative of that particular product family, i.e. component type where all variants have the same function (e.g. plain pipe, pipe/joint, bend, etc.). For the purpose of this part of ISO 14692, product families shall include, but not be limited to a) plain pipe, b) pipe plus joint. The product family of pipe plus joint consists of one type of joint, to be chosen by the manufacturer. The following jointing systems shall be qualified as individual product sectors: adhesive, laminated, flange, elastomeric bell-and-spigot seal lock joint, threaded, and saddles, c) elbows and reducers, each qualified as individual product sectors, d) tees, e) flanges, f) fabrication processes used in the factory or on-site, that are not qualified as part of the process for manufacturing stock items. A product sector is a subdivision of a product family, e.g. 50 mm to 150 mm diameter plain pipe or pipe/joint for pressures less than 5 MPa (50 bar), that groups plain pipes into specific diameter and pressure ranges. A description of the breakdown of a product family into its product sectors is given in Annex A. The size of each product sector shall be limited and should closely match the example given in Table A.1 to provide SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) 8 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved consistency of information for users. Other size ranges of product sectors with similar intervals between product sector representative diameters, e.g. as given in API Spec 15LR [12], are acceptable. The product sector representative [e.g. 250 mm, 5 MPa (50 bar) pipe] for a product sector is the component variant taken to be representative of that sector and upon which the basic qualification testing is performed. A component variant is an individual component [e.g. 80 mm/3 MPa (30 bar) bend, 100 mm/4 MPa (40 bar) pipe/joint, etc.].
Key 1 elbows 2 tees 3 flanges 4 joints (with pipes) 5 pipes (plain) 6 family representatives 7 product sectors 8 product sector representatives 9 component variants Figure 1 — Breakdown of a product family into family representatives, product sectors, component variants and product sector representatives Figure 1 schematically describes the breakdown of product range into the various definitions. A component in a product sector where the product sector representative has not been qualified may be considered qualified if the following criteria are satisfied: a) the diameter is within 100 mm of a larger component in the adjacent product sector that has itself been qualified by testing, if the diameter of the component to be qualified is less than 400 mm; b) the diameter is within 200 mm of a larger component in the adjacent product sector that has itself been qualified by testing, if the diameter of the component to be qualified is between 400 mm and 800 mm; SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved 9 c) the diameter is within 300 mm of a larger component in the adjacent product sector that has itself been qualified by testing, if the diameter of the component to be qualified is between 800 mm and above; d) the pressure is within 2,5 MPa (25 bar) of a component in the adjacent product sector that has itself been qualified, by testing, to a higher pressure. 6.2.2 Test methodology The qualified pressure, pq, for pipes, joints and fittings shall be determined in accordance with 6.2.3 to 6.2.7, where 6.2.3 describes the full qualification procedure, summarized in Table 1, 6.2.4 describes a restricted qualification procedure for low-pressure water applications, 6.2.5 describes qualification by design methods, 6.2.6 describes the further data from qualification tests required for system design (covered in ISO 14692-3), 6.2.7 describes how to translate qualified pressures from the standard design lifetime of 20 years to other design lifetimes. The apparent ratio of the test pressure compared to the maximum possible design pressure of the component will depend on the method of qualification, see Annex B. Table 1 — Full qualification procedure for pipes (plus joints) and fittings Component Product type Qualification tests Purpose Plain pipe Family representativea Full regression test at 65 °C, or design temperature if higher (ASTM D2992:1996 – Procedure B) Qualified pressure Qualified stress Gradient Family representativea Full regression test at 65 °C, or design temperature if higher (ASTM D2992:1996 – Procedure B)
or Default gradient Qualified pressure Baseline gradient for determining survival test pressure Product sector representative Two 1 000-h survival tests at 65 °C, or design temperature if higher (ASTM D1598) Qualified pressure Pipe plus joint, fittings and fabrication processes Component variant Two 1 000-h survival tests at 65 °C, or design temperature if higher (ASTM D1598)
or Scaling method or Design method (in exceptional cases) Qualified pressure a Only one size of component diameter is required to be tested.
6.2.3 Full qualification procedure 6.2.3.1 Plain pipe qualification (family representative) This regression qualification procedure determines the long-term hydrostatic pressure (pLTHP) and lower confidence limit (pLCL) in megapascals1) of the family representative for plain pipe based on a design life of 20 years. The gradient of the regression curve may also provide input to Table 2 if required. Only one size of pipe diameter is required to be tested. It is permissible for the manufacturer to test a pipe that includes a joint, of his choosing, since the gradient is likely to be more conservative than plain pipe. The qualified pressure, pq, is equal to the pLCL. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) 10 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved The qualified pressure pq or pLCL are related to pLTHP through equation (6): pq = pLCL = f1 ⋅ pLTHP (6) where f1 provides a measure of the degree of scatter in the long-term pressure tests and is the evaluation of the 97,5 % confidence limit from test data as defined in ASTM D2992:1996, Procedure B. To generate the regression curve, test details and measurement data in accordance with ASTM D2992:1996 are required. The analysis of the regression data to generate the statistical parameters of the mean, variance of the curves and pLCL should be carried out in accordance with annex K of this part of ISO 14692. On agreement between the principal and manufacturer, the analysis of the regression data may also be carried out according to ASTM D2992:1996. NOTE ASTM D2992:1996 contains an error in Equation A1.21 where a factor 2 is missing. The equation should read 222εδσλσ=. Testing shall be carried out on product with a diameter of 50 mm or larger at, as a minimum, 65 °C or design temperature (if higher than 65 °C). Additional testing may be carried out at other temperatures as required (see 6.3.2). The test procedure to generate the regression curve for the family representative shall be performed or witnessed by a recognized third-party approved by the principal. The manufacturer may carry out additional testing to determine the pLTHP for the pipe under different combinations of hoop and axial stress to obtain a more comprehensive failure envelope. Further guidance of the procedure is given in Annex C. The manufacturer shall assign a qualified stress, σqs, to the pipe in accordance with Equation (7). σqs = qr2Dpt×MPa (7) where pq is the qualified pressure, in megapascals; D is the mean structural diameter of the pipe, in millimetres; tr is the average reinforced wall thickness, in millimetres. 6.2.3.2 Pipe plus joint qualification 6.2.3.2.1 Family representative This qualification procedure determines the gradient G, in megapascals per hour, of the family representative for pipe plus joint, see NOTE. The gradient G is used to determine the pLCL based on a design life of 20 years for the product sector representative of the pipe plus joint (6.2.3.2.2). The qualified pressure, pq, is equal to the pLCL. NOTE The primary purpose of the joint in this test is to provide a stress concentration on the parent pipe. Therefore the type of joint is less important than the presence of the joint itself. Experience shows that failure usually occurs in the parent pipe material adjacent to the joint. Only failures in the parent pipe and not the joint shall be included in the regression analysis. To generate the regression curve, the test details and measurement should be in accordance with 6.2.3.1. In the absence of data for the product family representative, a conservative or default gradient, Gdefault, may be used. Default gradients are listed in Table 2 and are based on experience and amount of relevant material data. The default gradient shall only be used for design temperatures up to 65 °C. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved 11 Table 2 — Default gradients Gdefault Plain pipe having regression line with a slope < 0,06 Gdefault Plain pipe having regression line with a slope > 0,06 but < 0,075 Gdefault Plain pipe having regression line with a slope > 0,075 0,075 0,100 0,125 NOTE The unit of gradient is pressure per time. Since the scale is logarithmic, whether the units of measurement are in bar or MPa does not affect the value.
6.2.3.2.2 Product sector representative This qualifying procedure permits qualification of the pLCL of the product sector representative based on a design life of 20 years for pipe plus joint based on a 1 000 h survival test. Each type of jointing system shall be qualified as individual product sector, i.e. adhesive, laminated, flange, elastomeric bell-and-spigot seal lock joint, threaded, saddles, etc. The objective of this procedure is to demonstrate that the product sector representative's performance is equal, or superior, to that of the family representative. The qualified pressure, pq, is equal to the pLCL.
lg (TP1 000) = ∆p + lg (pLCL) TP1 000 = pLCL × 10∆p ∆p
= G × ∆T
=G × [lg (175 400) – lg (1 000)]
= 2,24 × G TP1 000 = pLCL × 10 2,24 × G NOTE 20 years is approximately equivalent to 175 400 h. Figure 2 — Calculation procedure for the 1 000 h test pressure The 1 000 h test pressure is calculated using either the gradient, G, of the family representative as described in 6.2.3.1, or the default gradient, Gdefault, as determined in 6.2.3.2.1. Two replicate samples of the product sector representative shall be selected at random and pressure-tested in accordance with ASTM D1598 at 65 °C or design temperature if higher. The product sector representative is qualified if it survives the test duration, i.e. does not leak, weep, and lose test pressure or structural integrity during the test duration. Figure 2 presents the graphical calculation of test pressure using the regression line for the product family representative. The test duration shall be 1 000 h, but the manufacturer may carry out testing to a longer test duration and lower test pressure commensurate with the calculation procedure given in Figure 2. SIST EN ISO 14692-2:2004

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) 12 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved NOTE A longer test duration may be desirable if the gradient of the component is significantly steeper than that of the plain pipe. The 1 000 h test
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