EN ISO 14692-1:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 14692-1:2004
,QGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD6VWHNOHQLPLYODNQLRMDþHQL
SROLPHUQLFHYRYRGL*53GHO6ORYDUVLPEROLXSRUDEDLQPDWHULDOL,62

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping - Part 1:
Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials (ISO 14692-1:2017)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffrohrleitungen (GFK) - Teil 1:
Anwendungsbereiche und Werkstoffe (ISO 14692-1:2017)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Canalisations en plastique renforcé de verre
(PRV) - Partie 1: Vocabulaire, symboles, applications et matériaux(ISO 14692-1:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14692-1:2017
ICS:
01.040.75 Naftna in sorodna tehnologija Petroleum and related
(Slovarji) technologies (Vocabularies)
75.200 2SUHPD]DVNODGLãþHQMH Petroleum products and
QDIWHQDIWQLKSURL]YRGRYLQ natural gas handling
]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD equipment
83.140.30 3ROLPHUQHFHYLLQILWLQJL]D Plastics pipes and fittings for
VQRYLNLQLVRWHNRþLQH non fluid use
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 14692-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.200; 83.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 14692-1:2002
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced
plastics (GRP) piping - Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols,
applications and materials (ISO 14692-1:2017)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Canalisations Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Glasfaserverstärkte
en plastique renforcé de verre (PRV) - Partie 1: Kunststoffrohrleitungen (GFK) - Teil 1: Begriffe,
Vocabulaire, symboles, applications et matériaux (ISO Symbole, Anwendungen und Werkstoffe (ISO 14692-
14692-1:2017) 1:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 June 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14692-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14692-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67
"Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14692-1:2002.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14692-1:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14692-1:2017 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14692-1
Second edition
2017-08
Petroleum and natural gas
industries — Glass-reinforced plastics
(GRP) piping —
Part 1:
Vocabulary, symbols, applications and
materials
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Canalisations en plastique
renforcé de verre (PRV) —
Partie 1: Vocabulaire, symboles, applications et matériaux
Reference number
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ISO copyright office
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
4 Pressure rating .22
4.1 MPR . 22
xx
4.2 Part factors and partial factors.25
4.2.1 Part factor f for loading .25
4.2.2 Part factor f for the limited axial load capability of GRP piping .25
3,est
4.2.3 Partial factor A for design life . 25
4.2.4 Partial factor A for chemical resistance .25
4.2.5 Partial factor A for cyclic loading .25
5 Classification .25
5.1 Joints .25
5.1.1 Unrestrained joints .25
5.1.2 Classification of joints .26
5.2 Resin matrix .26
6 Materials .27
7 Dimensions .28
Annex A (informative) Principle .30
Annex B (informative) Guidance on scope limitations .36
Annex C (normative) Enquiry sheet .37
Annex D (normative) Wall thickness definitions .40
Annex E (informative) Selection of part factor f in the bid process .42
3,est
Annex F (informative) Worked example .48
Bibliography .67
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing
equipment and systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14692-1:2002), which has been technically
revised.
A list of all parts of ISO 14692 can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Introduction
0.1 General
The objective of ISO 14692 (all parts) is to provide the oil and gas industry, as well as the supporting
engineering and manufacturing industry, with mutually agreed specifications and recommended
practices for the purchase, qualification, manufacturing, design, handling, storage, installation,
commissioning and operation of GRP piping systems.
This document, provides guidance in the use and interpretation of the other parts of ISO 14692. This
document contains the following annexes:
— Annex A (informative) explaining the principle;
— Annex B (informative) providing guidance on scope limitations;
— Annex C (normative) containing the enquiry sheet;
— Annex D (normative) providing wall thickness definitions;
— Annex E (informative) describing selection of part factor f in bid process;
3,est
— Annex F (informative) containing a worked example.
0.2 Basic steps in use of ISO 14692 (all parts)
Figure 1 identifies the eight basic steps involved in the use of ISO 14692 (all parts) that are further
explained below.
Step 1: The bid process. The principal completes an enquiry sheet (see Annex C) that defines the
design pressures and temperatures of the piping system as well as the application, required pipe sizes
and required components (bends, tees, reducers, flanges, etc.). The principal also verifies that the
scope of the application is within the limits of ISO 14692 (all parts) (see Annex B). The principal and
manufacturer also comes to an agreement on the value of the estimated value of the part factor f
3,est
(see Annex E).
In some cases, the manufacturer can wish to offer a product that 1) meets or exceeds the requirements
in the enquiry sheet and 2) has already been manufactured, qualified and inspected per ISO 14692-2. In
this case, Steps 2 through 4 would not need to be repeated.
Step 2: Manufacturer's data. Recognizing that long-term regression testing can easily take two or more
years to complete, the manufacturer will most likely have already selected target values for MPR , the
xx
long-term envelope(s) and the minimum reinforced wall thicknesses. The manufacturer determines the
appropriate gradient and rd can then be calculated to suit the survival test duration. Additional
1 000,xx
basic data such as pipe sizes, wall thicknesses, SIFs, production processes and jointing instructions are
also provided.
Step 3: Qualification process. The manufacturer conducts survival tests to qualify the pressure and
temperature. If applicable, the manufacturer also qualifies fire performance and electrical conductivity
properties. Elastic properties, potable water certification, impact and low temperature performance
are also addressed in this step. Just as in Step 2, the manufacturer can have already completed part or
all of the qualification process prior to Step 1.
Step 4: Quality programme. The basic requirements for the manufacturer's quality management system
are defined.
Step 5: Generate envelopes. This is the first major step in ISO 14692-3. Partial factors and part factors
are identified and combinations of these factors are determined. Formulae are then provided to
calculate the design envelope(s).
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Step 6: Stress analysis. The flexibility factors and SIFs to be used in the stress analysis are identified.
The allowable values for vertical deflection, stresses and buckling are also defined. An analytical
formula for external pressure is provided.
Step 7: Bonder training and assessment. This is the first major step in ISO 14692-4 where the bonder
training and assessment process is defined.
Step 8: Installation, field hydrotest. This is the last major step where installation issues are addressed.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Figure 1 — Guidance on the use of ISO 14692 (all parts)
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
0.3 Other standards
GRP piping products are used in a wide variety of applications in both industrial and municipal service.
For some applications, ISO 14692 (all parts) can be properly considered as the basis for piping and
pipeline selection and design. In all applications, the selection of the appropriate standard for any
particular application takes into consideration the design life of the project, the service temperature,
the corrosive nature of the fluid, whether the intended installation is above ground or buried and what
type of joining system is to be used. Depending on the service conditions, other GRP piping standards
can be more appropriate and better suited than ISO 14692 (all parts) for the entire or part of the system.
This is particularly the case for aqueous applications of both a municipal and industrial nature where
the pipelines are generally buried and axial tensile loads are minimal.
Other widely used GRP piping standards include
— ISO 10639,
— ISO 10467,
— API 15HR,
— ASTM D3262-11,
— ASTM D3517-14,
— ASTM D3754-14,
— AWWA C950-07,
— EN 1796:2013, and
— EN 14364:2013.
ISO 14692 (all parts) is not intended to be applied to sewerage and drainage applications, although it
can provide useful guidance in specific areas not addressed in alternative standards. ISO 14692 (all
parts) is also not specifically intended for non-structural applications such as open drain systems and
other low-pressure piping applications.
ISO 14692 (all parts) covers all the main components that form part of a GRP pipeline and piping
system (plain pipe, bends, reducers, tees, supports and flanged joints) with the exception of valves and
instrumentation.
0.4 Structure of ISO 14692 (all parts)
ISO 14692-2, ISO 14692-3 and ISO 14692-4 follow the individual phases in the life cycle of a GRP piping
system, i.e. from qualification and manufacture through design to fabrication, installation, operation
and decommissioning.
Each part is therefore aimed at the relevant parties involved in that particular phase.
— ISO 14692-1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials. The scope is presented in Clause 1 and
it provides guidance in the use of the other three parts of ISO 14692. Main users are envisaged to
include all parties in the life cycle of a typical GRP piping system. This document should be used in
conjunction with the part of specific relevance.
— ISO 14692-2: Qualification and manufacture. Its objective is to enable the supply of GRP components
with known and consistent properties from any source. Main users of the document are envisaged
to be the principal, the manufacturer, certifying authorities and government agencies.
— ISO 14692-3: System design. Its objective is to ensure that piping systems, when designed using the
components qualified in ISO 14692-2, meet the specified performance requirements. Main users of
viii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
the document are envisaged to be the principal, the manufacturer, design contractors, certifying
authorities and government agencies.
— ISO 14692-4: Fabrication, installation, inspection and maintenance. Its objective is to ensure
that installed piping systems meet the specified performance requirements throughout their
service life. Main users of the document are envisaged to be the principal, the manufacturer,
fabrication/installation contractors, repair and maintenance contractors, certifying authorities
and government agencies.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced
plastics (GRP) piping —
Part 1:
Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials
1 Scope
This document defines the applications, pressure rating methodology, the classification of the products
according to application, type of joint and resin matrix and the limitations to both the materials of
construction and the dimensions. It also lists the terms, definitions and symbols used and provides
guidance in the use and interpretation of ISO 14692-2, ISO 14692-3 and ISO 14692-4.
ISO 14692 (all parts) is applicable to GRP piping systems that 1) utilize joints that are capable of
restraining axial thrust from internal pressure, temperature change and fluid hydrodynamic forces
and 2) have a trapezoidal shape for its design envelope. It is primarily intended for offshore applications
on both fixed and floating topsides facilities, but it can also be used for the specification, manufacture,
testing and installation of GRP piping systems in other similar applications found onshore, e.g.
produced-water, firewater systems and general industrial use.
For floating installations, reference is made to the design, construction and certification standards for
the hull or vessel, since these can allow alternative codes and standards for GRP piping associated with
marine and/or ballast systems. However, it is recommended that ISO 14692 (all parts) be used for such
applications to the maximum degree attainable.
ISO 14692 (all parts) can also be used as the general basis for specification of pipe used for pump
caissons, stilling tubes, I-tubes, seawater lift risers and other similar items.
Typical oil and gas industry applications for the use of GRP piping and pipelines include those listed in
Table 1.
Table 1 — Typical current and potential GRP piping oil and gas applications
Ballast water Hydrochloric acid
Boiler feed water Inert gas
Brine Jet-A fuel
Carbon Dioxide (CO ) Natural gas
Chlorine, gas, wet Oil
Condensate (water and gas) (Sour) Oil plus associated gas
Cooling water, sweet, brackish, seawater Potable water
Demineralised water Process water
Diesel fuel Produced water
Drains Seawater
Emulsions (water-oil-gas mixtures) Service water
Fire water (ring main and wet or dry deluge) Sewer (grey and red)
Formation water Sodium hydroxide
NOTE Some applications, such as wet chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride gas, hydrochloric acid, sodium
hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, require a barrier liner and may require specific corrosion resistant
resins. Consult the manufacturer for recommendations.
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Fresh water Sodium hypochlorite
Fuel Sour water
Gas (methane, etc.) Unstabilized oil
Glycol Vents
Hydrocarbon (with or without associated gas) Wastewater
Hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) Water disposal
Injection water
NOTE Some applications, such as wet chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride gas, hydrochloric acid, sodium
hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, require a barrier liner and may require specific corrosion resistant
resins. Consult the manufacturer for recommendations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14692-2:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 2:
Qualification and manufacture
ISO 14692-3:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 3:
System design
ISO 14692-4:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 4:
Fabrication, installation and operation
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
authority having jurisdiction
third-party organization required to be satisfied with the standard of engineering proficiency and
safety of a project
EXAMPLE A classification society, verification body or government regulatory body.
3.1.2
contractor
party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction and
commissioning for a project or operation of a facility
Note 1 to entry: The principal (3.1.9) can undertake all or part of the duties of the contractor.
3.1.3
designer
party which carries out all or part of the design for a project or facility
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.1.4
installer
party which carries out all or part of the construction and commissioning of composite piping
installations and installation work for a project
3.1.5
installation inspector
person able to perform satisfactory and independent inspection of composite piping installations and
installation work
3.1.6
installation supervisor
tradesman able to perform practical supervision of the installation and joining of composite piping
3.1.7
manufacturer
party which manufactures or supplies composite plain pipe and piping components to perform the
duties specified by the contractoractive fire protection
3.1.8
operator
party which assumes ultimate responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the piping system
Note 1 to entry: The operator can be the same as the principal (3.1.9) or principal's agent.
3.1.9
principal
party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction
Note 1 to entry: The principal generally specifies the technical requirements and is ultimately responsible for
ensuring that safety and all other issues are addressed. The principal can also include an agent or consultant,
authorized to act for the principal.
3.1.10
site
location where piping system is installed
3.2 Technical terms
3.2.1
accelerator
substance which, when mixed with a catalyst or a resin, will speed up the chemical reaction between
catalyst and resin
Note 1 to entry: The misuse of a cobalt mixture directly with a peroxide (e.g methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP)
-catalyst) might cause an explosion or fire.
3.2.2
active fire protection
method of extinguishing fire by application of substances such as halon, water, carbon dioxide, foam, etc.
3.2.3
adhesive joint
adhesive bond
glued joint
socket joint
rigid type of joint between two components made using an adhesive
Note 1 to entry: An adhesive joint generally consists of a slightly conical (tapered) bell end and a machined
(cylindrical or tapered) spigot end.
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.4
anisotropic
exhibiting different properties when tested along axes in different directions
3.2.5
carbon fibre
fibre produced by the pyrolysis of organic precursor fibres, such as rayon, polyacrylonitrile, in an inert
environment
3.2.6
cavitation
formation of pockets of vapour in a liquid that suddenly collapse, causing very high localized pressures
which can lead to serious erosion of boundary surfaces
3.2.7
chemical-resistant glass
ECR glass
Boron-free glass
C glass
AR (acid resistant) glass
glass fibre or synthetic veil having a specific chemical resistance against acids, alkalis or other
aggressive chemicals
Note 1 to entry: Such glass can be used as a reinforcement for the resin-rich internal liner of GRP pipe or as a
reinforcement in the structural portion of GRP pipe.
3.2.8
collapse pressure
external pressure differential which causes buckling collapse of a component
3.2.9
chopped roving
strands of glass fibre cut to a desired length from rovings
3.2.10
chopped strand mat
CSM
reinforcement structure in which short lengths of glass fibre tows, held together by an emulsion or
powder binding agent, are dispersed in random directions within a single plane
Note 1 to entry: Chopped strand mat is not to be confused with chopped roving. The latter may not be in mat
form and may be loose rovings from a chopper gun.
3.2.11
cure
change irreversibly the properties of a thermosetting resin by chemical reaction
Note 1 to entry: Examples of such chemical reaction are condensation, ring closure and addition.
Note 2 to entry: Cure can be accomplished by the addition of a curing agent and catalyst, with or without heat and
pressure.
3.2.12
cure cycle
polymerization
time/temperature/pressure cycle used to cure a thermosetting resin system from a liquid to a solid
3.2.13
curing agent
catalytic or reactive agent that, when added to a resin, causes polymerization
Note 1 to entry: This is also called hardener (3.2.51), for epoxies.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.14
delamination
separation of two adjacent plies or layers of material in a laminate resulting from lack of adhesion
Note 1 to entry: Delamination occur either locally or covering a wide area.
3.2.15
design envelope
long-term envelope reduced by the part factor f and the partial factors A , A and A
2 0 2 3
3.2.16
design external pressure
maximum positive external pressure differential, i.e. external minus internal pressure, intended to be
experienced by a component during its service life
3.2.17
design pressure
P
des
purchaser nominated maximum pressure to which a piping system is designed to operate at the
nominated design temperature (T ) and for the nominated design life (L )
des des
Note 1 to entry: P is typically considered as a sustained pressure, though an additional P occasional can
des des
also be nominated. P will be selected based on the maximum operating pressure plus a purchaser selected
des
uplift a) to accommodate pressure uncertainty, b) to avoid triggering of pressure safety devices, c) to match the
rating of attached piping or equipment and d) to provide a design margin for other purposes.
3.2.18
design temperature
T
des
for each design condition, maximum fluid temperature that can be reached during service
3.2.19
differential scanning calorimetry
DSC
method for determining the glass transition temperature of a polymer
3.2.20
dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
DMTA
method for determining the glass transition temperature of a polymer or GRP (3.2.44) component
3.2.21
earth, v, GB
ground, v, US
provide electrical contact with earth
3.2.22
E-glass
glass fibre normally used to reinforce GRP (3.2.44) pipes, consisting mainly of SiO , Al O and MgO
2 2 3
3.2.23
elastomeric bell-and-spigot seal lock joint
rubber seal lock joint
rubber sealed key lock joint
joint connection made up of a spigot end and a socket end with “O” or lip-sealing rings and some axial
restraining device capable of resisting the full thrust from internal pressure
3.2.24
electrically conductive
conductive
having a volume resistivity equal to or lower than 10 Ω⋅m
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.25
environmental stress cracking
ESC
formation of cracks in a polymer or composite caused by exposure to a chemical or environment
under stress
3.2.26
epoxide
epoxy
compound containing at least two epoxy or oxirane rings
Note 1 to entry: Chemically, an epoxy ring is a three-membered ring containing two carbon atoms and one
oxygen atom.
Note 2 to entry: The most widely used epoxy resin is termed DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). Epoxy
resins are always used in conjunction with curing agents or hardeners, i.e. substances that react with the epoxy
rings, producing hydroxyl groups and other products, and linking the originally linear molecules into a rigid
three-dimensional network.
3.2.27
extrados
exterior curve of an elbow or torus
3.2.28
failure
loss of structural integrity and/or transmission of fluid leakage through the wall of a component or a joint
3.2.29
fibre
filamentary material with a finite length that is at least 100 times its diameter and prepared by drawing
from a molten bath, spinning or deposition on a substrate
Note 1 to entry: Filaments are usually of extreme length and very small diameter, usually less than 25 µm.
Normally, filaments are assembled as twisted (yarn) or untwisted (tow) bundles comprising hundreds or
thousands of filaments.
3.2.30
filament winding
process for fabricating a composite structure in which continuous reinforcements, e.g. fibre tows, are
either previously impregnated with a matrix material or impregnated during the winding
3.2.31
fire classification code
code designation of the fire performance of pipe component in terms of fire endurance and fire reaction
properties
3.2.32
fire endurance
fire resistance
ability to maintain functional performance in a fire
3.2.33
fire-reaction property
material property which contributes to spread of fire, heat release and smoke/toxic emissions
3.2.34
fitter
jointer
pipe bonder
tradesman able to perform satisfactory and independent work in the installation and joining of
composite piping
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.35
fitting
pressure-tight fluid-containing component with a geometry different from straight pipe
EXAMPLE Flanges, tees, elbows, reducers and fabricated branch.
3.2.36
flame retardant
chemical that is used to reduce or eliminate the tendency of a resin to burn, keep and propagate fire
3.2.37
flange joint
mechanical joint with face flanges for which the bolt circle and face dimensions conform to a recognized
standard
3.2.38
flexibility factor
ratio of the flexibility in bending of a component/fitting to that of the flexibility of a straight pipe of
the same lamination, Young's modulus and thickness having a length corresponding to the developed
length of the fitting
3.2.39
free-end testing
pressure-testing arrangement using pipe end closures of a type such that internal pressure produces
axial, as well as hoop and radial, stresses in the component wall
Note 1 to entry: See also restrained-end testing (3.2.107).
3.2.40
function
ability of the piping system to perform its primary purpose, i.e. to deliver a minimum quantity of fluid
at a specified minimum pressure
3.2.41
furnace test
test in a compartment furnace where the time-temperature curve to be followed is to a defined standard
3.2.42
gel coat
quick-setting resin applied either a) to the surface of a mould and gelled before lay-up or b) to the
exterior of a laminate as part of the external corrosion barrier
Note 1 to entry: The gel coat becomes an integral part of the finished laminate, and is usually used to provide
specific service characteristics [see liner (3.2.69)].
3.2.43
glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy
GRE
epoxy resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre
3.2.44
glass-fibre-reinforced plastic
GRP
fibreglass
composite
reinforced plastic
reinforced thermosetting resin plastic
RTR plastic
polymeric resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre
Note 1 to entry: The predominant glass fibre is E-glass (3.2.22).
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
Note 2 to entry: ISO 14692 (all parts) is restricted to the use of thermosetting resins (3.2.116).
Note 3 to entry: GRE, GRUP and GRVE are types of GRP.
3.2.45
glass-fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyster
GRUP
unsaturated polyester resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre
3.2.46
glass-fibre-reinforced vinyl ester
GRVE
epoxy vinyl ester resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre
3.2.47
glass transition temperature
T
g
temperature at which the amorphous portion of the polymer undergoes a marked change in properties
on passing from the rubbery to glassy state
Note 1 to entry: This observed change in properties is associated with the virtual cessation of local molecular
motion in the polymer. Below their glass-transition temperature, amorphous polymers have many of the
properties associated with ordinary inorganic glasses, while above this temperature the polymers possess
rubbery characteristics.
3.2.48
gradient
slope
slope of internal pressure over time, on a logarithmic-logarithmic scale, of a static regression curve
Note 1 to entry: The slope, although negative, is published and used as a positive number.
3.2.49
grounding clamp
metal fitting attached to the pipe component to provide an electrical connection to earth
3.2.50
hand lay-up
process for fabricating a composite structure in which discontinuous reinforcements, e.g. woven
mats, chopped strand mats, are impregnated with a matrix material and are manually applied on a
mandrel or mold
3.2.51
hardener
substance or mixture added to a plastic composition to promote or control the curing action by taking
part in it
Note 1 to entry: For epoxies, hardener is also called curing agent (3.2.13).
3.2.52
hazardous area
three-dimensional space in which a combustible or explolsive atmosphere can be expected to be present
frequently enough to require special precautions for the control of potential ignition sources
Note 1 to entry: Hazardous areas are typically defined by local, national or international standards (e.g. the
National Electric Code (NEC) in the United States).
3.2.53
heat-distortion temperature
HDT
temperature at which a standard test bar deflects a specified amount under a stated load
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.54
heat flux
density of heat flow rate
quantity of heat divided by area and time
3.2.55
hydrocarbon pool fire
fire caused by ignition of a pool of hydrocarbon liquid
3.2.56
hydrotest
pressure test to verify the pressure-retention integrity of a piping system after installation
Note 1 to entry: Hydrotest is also used as a leak test (3.2.68).
Note 2 to entry: See mill hydrostatic test (3.2.78).
3.2.57
impregnate
saturate the reinforcement with a resin
3.2.58
incendive discharge
electrostatic spark discharge of sufficient energy to ignite a flammable atmosphere
3.2.59
integrity
minimum structural capability required to enable the piping system to fulfil its function
3.2.60
intrados
interior curve of an elbow or torus
3.2.61
intumescent
passive fire-protection coating which, in the presence of fire, expands to create an inert insulating
“char” layer
3.2.62
jet fire
turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with significant
momentum in a particular direction
3.2.63
joint
means of connecting two or more components
EXAMPLE Plain pipe to a fitting, or plain pipe to plain pipe.
3.2.64
laminae
thin sheet of reinforcing fibres in a resin matrix built up into a flat or curved arrangement
3.2.65
laminate
unite laminae with a bonding material, usually using pressure and heat
Note 1 to entry: Normally used with reference to flat sheets, but can also refer to tubes. A product made by such
bonding is referred to as a laminate.
ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.66
laminated joint
butt-and-wrap joint
butt-and-strap joint
butt-welded joint
joint consisting of plain-ended pipe and fittings laminated together with reinforcing fibres and
resin/hardener mixture
3.2.67
laying length
actual length of a line, corresponding to the initial length plus the increase afforded by the fitting or
integral joint when installed
3.2.68
leak test
pressure test to determine the presence of leaks at joints or within components of a piping system
Note 1 to entry: Usually carried out at a pressure lower than the hydrotest (3.2.56) and for a longer period.
3.2.69
liner
continuous resin-rich coating on the inside surface of a pipe or fitting component, used to protect the
laminate from chemical attack or to prevent leakage under stress
Note 1 to entry: The liner can also be used to provide enhanced abrasion and erosion resistance.
3.2.70
long-term envelope
envelope that defines the stress levels that are just below those that can potentially cause irreversible
damage during continuous or occasional loading conditions at a specified temperature
3.2.71
lower confidence limit
LCL
97,5 % lower bound value of the nominal long-term regression line for hydrostatic pressure or stress
based on a 20-year lifetime
3.2.72
lower prediction limit
LPL
97,5 % lower bound value for an individual component failure, based on the long-term hydrostatic
pressure or stress for a 20-year lifetime
Note 1 to entry: The LPL will always be lower than the LCL (3.2.71) for the nominal regression line (i.e. the
prediction interval will always be larger than the confidence interval).
3.2.73
mandrel
core tool around which resin-impregnated reinforcement is wound to form pipes, fittings and structural
shell shapes
3.2.74
maximum pressure rating
MPR
xx
pressure rating given by the manufacturer in product literature
Note 1 to entry: MPR is the maximum pressure rating at sustained conditions for a 20-year design life at the
xx
temperature of xx °C. MPR is the maximum catalogue value published by the manufacturer.
xx
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 14692-1:2017(E)
3.2.75
matrix
homogeneous resin or polymer material in which the fibre system is imbedded in a laminar arrangement
3.2.76
mechanical joint
joint between GRP piping
...