ISO 834-1:1999
(Main)Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
This part of ISO 834 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of various elements of construction when subjected to standard fire exposure conditions. The test data thus obtained will permit subsequent classification on the basis of the duration for which the performance of the tested elements under these conditions satisfies specified criteria.
Essai de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction — Partie 1: Exigences générales
La présente partie de l'ISO 834 décrit une méthode d'essai en vue de déterminer la résistance au feu de divers éléments de construction quand ils sont soumis à des conditions normalisées d'exposition au feu. Les données de l'essai ainsi obtenues permettront d'établir ensuite une classification en fonction de la durée pendant laquelle la performance des éléments soumis à l'essai dans ces conditions satisfait aux critères spécifiés.
Preskusi požarne odpornosti - Gradbeni elementi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2021
Preskusi požarne odpornosti - Gradbeni elementi
Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction
Essai de résistance au feu - Éléments de construction
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 834-1:1999
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.060.01 Stavbni elementi na splošno Elements of buildings in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 834-1
First edition
1999-09-15
Fire-resistance tests — Elements of
building construction —
Part 1:
General requirements
Essai de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction
Partie 1: Exigences générales
A
Reference number
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative reference. 1
3 Definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 2
5 Test equipment. 3
6 Test conditions . 12
7 Test specimen preparation .15
8 Application of instrumentation. 17
9 Test procedure. 20
10 Performance criteria. 22
11 Validity of the test. 24
12 Expression of test results . 24
13 Test report . 25
© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
© ISO
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with
the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
bodies for voting. Publication as International Standard requires approval by at least two-thirds
of the Member Bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 834-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire
safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire resistance.
This first edition of ISO 834-1 cancels and replaces ISO 834:1975, together with
Amendment 1:1979 and Amendment 2:1980, of which it constitutes a technical revision. The
revision has been made because of the need for more accuracy and reproducibility in the test
method. Its provisions are supplemented by the commentary material contained in part 3.
ISO 834 consists of the following parts under the general title Fire-resistance tests — Elements
of building construction:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 3: Commentary on test method and test data application
— Part 4: Specific requirements for loadbearing vertical separating elements
— Part 5: Specific requirements for loadbearing horizontal separating elements
— Part 6: Specific requirements for loadbearing beams
— Part 7: Specific requirements for loadbearing columns
— Part 8: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements
— Part 9: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing horizontal separating elements
— Part 10: Method to determine the contribution of applied protection materials to structural
metallic elements
— Part 11: Method to assess the contribution of applied protection materials to structural
metallic elements
iii
©
Introduction
Significant changes with respect to ISO 834:1975 are requirements for the following:
– accuracy of measuring equipment;
– tolerances applied to the deviation of the curve of the average furnace temperature with
respect to the standard heating curve;
– pressure conditions for vertical and horizontal elements;
– specification of test load;
– conditioning;
– application of instrumentation;
– criteria respecting loadbearing capacity.
In general, the revision reflects the objective of Working Group WG 1 in providing a standard
that is arranged in logical sequence and providing for increased precision in the development
and application of the test data, as well as repeatability of the results using the same and
different equipment. It is planned to enhance the repeatability aspect by the development, in the
near future, of a precision calibration routine which will address parameters such as temperature
uniformity, pressure gradients, oxygen concentration, furnace lining materials, and others.
iv
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 834-1:1999(E)
Fire-resistance tests – Elements of building construction –
Part 1:
General requirements
1Scope
This part of ISO 834 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of various elements of
construction when subjected to standard fire exposure conditions. The test data thus obtained will permit
subsequent classification on the basis of the duration for which the performance of the tested elements under
these conditions satisfies specified criteria.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
part of ISO 834 . At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 834 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1)
ISO 13943:— , Fire safety — Vocabulary.
IEC 60584-1:1995, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 834, the definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following definitions
apply.
3.1 actual material properties: Properties of a material determined from representative samples taken
from the specimen for the fire test according to the requirements of the concerned product standard.
3.2 calibration test
: Procedure to assess the test conditions experimentally.
3.3 deformation: Any change in dimension or shape of an element of construction due to structural
and/or thermal actions. This includes deflection, expansion or contraction of elements.
1) To be published.
© ISO
3.4 element of building construction: Defined construction component, such as a wall, partition, floor,
roof, beam or column.
3.5 insulation: Ability of a separating element of building construction when exposed to fire on one side,
to restrict the temperature rise of the unexposed face to below specified levels.
: Ability of a separating element of building construction, when exposed to fire on one side,
3.6 integrity
to prevent the passage through it of flames and hot gases or the occurrence of flames on the unexposed side.
3.7 loadbearing capacity: Ability of a specimen of a loadbearing element to support its test load, where
appropriate, without exceeding specified criteria with respect to both the extent of, and rate of, deformation.
3.8 loadbearing element: An element that is intended for use in supporting an external load in a building
and maintaining this support in the event of a fire.
: Elevation at which the pressure is equal inside and outside the furnace.
3.9 neutral pressure plane
3.10 notional floor level: Assumed floor level relative to the position of the building element in service.
3.11 restraint: The constraint to expansion or rotation (induced by thermal and/or mechanical actions)
afforded by the conditions at the ends, edges or supports of a test specimen.
NOTE — Examples of different types of restraint are longitudinal, rotational and lateral.
3.12 separating element: An element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between two
adjacent areas of a building in the event of a fire.
3.13 supporting construction: That construction that may be required for the testing of some building
elements into which the test specimen is assembled, such as the wall into which a door is fitted.
: Complete assembly of the test specimen together with its supporting construction.
3.14 test construction
3.15 test specimen: Element (or part) of a building construction provided for the purpose of determining
either its fire resistance or its contribution to the fire resistance of another building element.
4Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
A area under the actual average furnace time/temperature curve
°C{min
A area under the standard time/temperature curve
°C{min
s
C axial contraction measured from the start of heating mm
C(t) axial contraction at time t during the test mm
rate of axial contraction, defined as: mm/min
dC
Ct() -C(t)
dt
( )
tt-21
© ISO
d distance from the extreme fibre of the design compression zone to the mm
extreme fibre of the design tensile zone of the structural section of a
flexural test specimen
D deflection measured from the commencement of heating mm
D(t) deflection at time t during the test mm
d
D rate of deflection, defined as:
d
t
DD()tt - ( )
mm/min
( - )
tt
h initial height of axially loaded specimen mm
L length of the clear span of the specimen mm
d percent deviation (see 6.1.2) %
e
t time from the commencement of heating min
T temperature within the test furnace
°C
5 Test equipment
5.1 General
Equipment employed in the conduct of the test consists essentially of the following:
a) a specially designed furnace to subject the test specimen to the test conditions specified in the appropriate
clause;
b) control equipment to enable the temperature of the furnace to be regulated as specified in 6.1;
c) equipment to control and monitor the pressure of the hot gases within furnace as specified in 6.2;
d) a frame in which the test specimen can be erected and which can be positioned in conjunction with the
furnace so that appropriate heating, pressure and support conditions can be developed;
e) arrangement for loading and restraint of the test specimen as appropriate, including control and
monitoring of loads;
f) equipment for measuring temperature in the furnace and on the unheated face of the test specimen, and
where needed within the test specimen construction;
g) equipment for measuring the deformation of the test specimen where specified in the appropriate clauses;
h) equipment for evaluating test specimen integrity and for establishing compliance with the performance
criteria described in clause 10 and for establishing the elapsed time.
© ISO
5.2 Furnace
The test furnaces shall be designed to employ liquid or gaseous fuels and shall be capable of
a) heating of vertical or horizontal separating elements on one face; or
b) heating of columns on all sides; or
c) heating of walls on more than one side; or
d) heating of beams on three or four sides, as appropriate.
NOTE — Furnaces may be designed so that assemblies of more than one element can be tested simultaneously, provided all the
requirements for each individual element can be complied with.
The furnace linings shall consist of materials with densities less than 1 000 kg/m . Such lining materials
shall have a minimum thickness of 50 mm and shall constitute at least 70 % of the internally exposed surface
of the furnace.
5.3 Loading equipment
The loading equipment shall be capable of subjecting test specimens to the level of loading determined
according to 6.4. The load may be applied hydraulically, mechanically or by the use of weights.
The loading equipment shall be able to simulate conditions of uniform loading, point loading, concentric
loading or eccentric loading, as appropriate for the test construction. The loading equipment shall also be
capable of maintaining the test load at a constant value (to within – 5 % of the required value) without
changing its distribution for the duration of the loadbearing capacity period. The equipment shall be capable
of following the maximum deformation and the rate of deformation of the test specimen for the duration of
the test.
The loading equipment shall not significantly influence the heat transfer through the specimen nor impede
the use of the thermocouple insulating pads. It shall not interfere with the measurement of surface
temperature and/or deformation and shall permit general observation of the unexposed face. The tota
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 834-1
First edition
1999-09-15
Fire-resistance tests — Elements of
building construction —
Part 1:
General requirements
Essai de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction
Partie 1: Exigences générales
A
Reference number
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative reference. 1
3 Definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 2
5 Test equipment. 3
6 Test conditions . 12
7 Test specimen preparation .15
8 Application of instrumentation. 17
9 Test procedure. 20
10 Performance criteria. 22
11 Validity of the test. 24
12 Expression of test results . 24
13 Test report . 25
© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
© ISO
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with
the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
bodies for voting. Publication as International Standard requires approval by at least two-thirds
of the Member Bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 834-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire
safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire resistance.
This first edition of ISO 834-1 cancels and replaces ISO 834:1975, together with
Amendment 1:1979 and Amendment 2:1980, of which it constitutes a technical revision. The
revision has been made because of the need for more accuracy and reproducibility in the test
method. Its provisions are supplemented by the commentary material contained in part 3.
ISO 834 consists of the following parts under the general title Fire-resistance tests — Elements
of building construction:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 3: Commentary on test method and test data application
— Part 4: Specific requirements for loadbearing vertical separating elements
— Part 5: Specific requirements for loadbearing horizontal separating elements
— Part 6: Specific requirements for loadbearing beams
— Part 7: Specific requirements for loadbearing columns
— Part 8: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements
— Part 9: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing horizontal separating elements
— Part 10: Method to determine the contribution of applied protection materials to structural
metallic elements
— Part 11: Method to assess the contribution of applied protection materials to structural
metallic elements
iii
©
Introduction
Significant changes with respect to ISO 834:1975 are requirements for the following:
– accuracy of measuring equipment;
– tolerances applied to the deviation of the curve of the average furnace temperature with
respect to the standard heating curve;
– pressure conditions for vertical and horizontal elements;
– specification of test load;
– conditioning;
– application of instrumentation;
– criteria respecting loadbearing capacity.
In general, the revision reflects the objective of Working Group WG 1 in providing a standard
that is arranged in logical sequence and providing for increased precision in the development
and application of the test data, as well as repeatability of the results using the same and
different equipment. It is planned to enhance the repeatability aspect by the development, in the
near future, of a precision calibration routine which will address parameters such as temperature
uniformity, pressure gradients, oxygen concentration, furnace lining materials, and others.
iv
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 834-1:1999(E)
Fire-resistance tests – Elements of building construction –
Part 1:
General requirements
1Scope
This part of ISO 834 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of various elements of
construction when subjected to standard fire exposure conditions. The test data thus obtained will permit
subsequent classification on the basis of the duration for which the performance of the tested elements under
these conditions satisfies specified criteria.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
part of ISO 834 . At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 834 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1)
ISO 13943:— , Fire safety — Vocabulary.
IEC 60584-1:1995, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 834, the definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following definitions
apply.
3.1 actual material properties: Properties of a material determined from representative samples taken
from the specimen for the fire test according to the requirements of the concerned product standard.
3.2 calibration test
: Procedure to assess the test conditions experimentally.
3.3 deformation: Any change in dimension or shape of an element of construction due to structural
and/or thermal actions. This includes deflection, expansion or contraction of elements.
1) To be published.
© ISO
3.4 element of building construction: Defined construction component, such as a wall, partition, floor,
roof, beam or column.
3.5 insulation: Ability of a separating element of building construction when exposed to fire on one side,
to restrict the temperature rise of the unexposed face to below specified levels.
: Ability of a separating element of building construction, when exposed to fire on one side,
3.6 integrity
to prevent the passage through it of flames and hot gases or the occurrence of flames on the unexposed side.
3.7 loadbearing capacity: Ability of a specimen of a loadbearing element to support its test load, where
appropriate, without exceeding specified criteria with respect to both the extent of, and rate of, deformation.
3.8 loadbearing element: An element that is intended for use in supporting an external load in a building
and maintaining this support in the event of a fire.
: Elevation at which the pressure is equal inside and outside the furnace.
3.9 neutral pressure plane
3.10 notional floor level: Assumed floor level relative to the position of the building element in service.
3.11 restraint: The constraint to expansion or rotation (induced by thermal and/or mechanical actions)
afforded by the conditions at the ends, edges or supports of a test specimen.
NOTE — Examples of different types of restraint are longitudinal, rotational and lateral.
3.12 separating element: An element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between two
adjacent areas of a building in the event of a fire.
3.13 supporting construction: That construction that may be required for the testing of some building
elements into which the test specimen is assembled, such as the wall into which a door is fitted.
: Complete assembly of the test specimen together with its supporting construction.
3.14 test construction
3.15 test specimen: Element (or part) of a building construction provided for the purpose of determining
either its fire resistance or its contribution to the fire resistance of another building element.
4Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
A area under the actual average furnace time/temperature curve
°C{min
A area under the standard time/temperature curve
°C{min
s
C axial contraction measured from the start of heating mm
C(t) axial contraction at time t during the test mm
rate of axial contraction, defined as: mm/min
dC
Ct()Ct -( )
dt
(tt-)21
© ISO
d distance from the extreme fibre of the design compression zone to the mm
extreme fibre of the design tensile zone of the structural section of a
flexural test specimen
D deflection measured from the commencement of heating mm
D(t) deflection at time t during the test mm
d
D rate of deflection, defined as:
d
t
DD()tt - ( )
mm/min
( - )
tt
h initial height of axially loaded specimen mm
L length of the clear span of the specimen mm
d percent deviation (see 6.1.2) %
e
t time from the commencement of heating min
T temperature within the test furnace
°C
5 Test equipment
5.1 General
Equipment employed in the conduct of the test consists essentially of the following:
a) a specially designed furnace to subject the test specimen to the test conditions specified in the appropriate
clause;
b) control equipment to enable the temperature of the furnace to be regulated as specified in 6.1;
c) equipment to control and monitor the pressure of the hot gases within furnace as specified in 6.2;
d) a frame in which the test specimen can be erected and which can be positioned in conjunction with the
furnace so that appropriate heating, pressure and support conditions can be developed;
e) arrangement for loading and restraint of the test specimen as appropriate, including control and
monitoring of loads;
f) equipment for measuring temperature in the furnace and on the unheated face of the test specimen, and
where needed within the test specimen construction;
g) equipment for measuring the deformation of the test specimen where specified in the appropriate clauses;
h) equipment for evaluating test specimen integrity and for establishing compliance with the performance
criteria described in clause 10 and for establishing the elapsed time.
© ISO
5.2 Furnace
The test furnaces shall be designed to employ liquid or gaseous fuels and shall be capable of
a) heating of vertical or horizontal separating elements on one face; or
b) heating of columns on all sides; or
c) heating of walls on more than one side; or
d) heating of beams on three or four sides, as appropriate.
NOTE — Furnaces may be designed so that assemblies of more than one element can be tested simultaneously, provided all the
requirements for each individual element can be complied with.
The furnace linings shall consist of materials with densities less than 1 000 kg/m . Such lining materials
shall have a minimum thickness of 50 mm and shall constitute at least 70 % of the internally exposed surface
of the furnace.
5.3 Loading equipment
The loading equipment shall be capable of subjecting test specimens to the level of loading determined
according to 6.4. The load may be applied hydraulically, mechanically or by the use of weights.
The loading equipment shall be able to simulate conditions of uniform loading, point loading, concentric
loading or eccentric loading, as appropriate for the test construction. The loading equipment shall also be
capable of maintaining the test load at a constant value (to within – 5 % of the required value) without
changing its distribution for the duration of the loadbearing capacity period. The equipment shall be capable
of following the maximum deformation and the rate of deformation of the test specimen for the duration of
the test.
The loading equipment shall not significantly influence the heat transfer through the specimen nor impede
the use of the thermocouple insulating pads. It shall not interfere with the measurement of surface
temperature and/or deformation and shall permit general observation of the unexposed face. The total area
of the contact points between the loading equipment and the test specimen surface shall not exceed 10 % of
the total area of the surface of a horizontal test specimen.
Where loading has to be maintained after the end of heating, provision shall be made for such maintenance.
5.4 Restraint and support frames
Special frames or other means shall be used to reproduce the boundary and support conditions appropriate
for the test specimens as specified in 6.5.
5.5 Instrumentation
5.5.1 Temperature
5.5.1.1 Furnace thermocouples
The furnace thermocouples shall be plate thermometers which comprise an assembly of a folded steel plate,
the thermocouple fixed to it and containing insulation material. The measuring and recording equipment
shall be capable of operating within the limits specified in 5.6.
© ISO
The
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 834-1
Première édition
1999-09-15
Essai de résistance au feu — Éléments de
construction —
Partie 1:
Exigences générales
Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction
Part 1: General requirements
A
Numéro de référence
Sommaire Page
1 Domaine d’application .1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Définitions .1
4 Symboles.2
5 Matériel d'essai .3
6 Conditions d'essai .11
7 Préparation des éprouvettes d'essai .14
8 Emplacement des instruments.15
9 Mode opératoire.18
10 Critères de performance .20
11 Validité de l'essai .21
12 Expression des résultats d'essai .21
13 Rapport d'essai .22
© ISO 1999
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque
forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet iso@iso.ch
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
©
ISO
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en
liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour
vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités
membres votants.
La présente partie de l’ISO 834 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 92, Sécurité au feu, sous-comité
SC 2, Résistance au feu.
L’ISO 834-1 annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 834:1975 ainsi que l'ISO 834/Amd 1:1979 et
l'ISO 834/Amd 2:1980) dont elle constitue une révision technique. Cette révision a été faite afin d'augmenter la
précision et la reproductibilité de la méthode d'essai. Ces dispositions sont complétées par les commentaires
contenus dans l’ISO 834-3.
L’ISO 834 comprend les parties suivantes présentées sous le titre général Essais de résistance au feu — Éléments
de construction:
—
Partie 1: Exigences générales
— Partie 2: Exigences particulières à différents éléments porteurs et non porteurs
— Partie 3: Commentaires sur les méthodes d’essais et application des données d’essais
— Partie 4: Exigences spécifiques relatives aux éléments porteurs verticaux de séparation
— Partie 5: Exigences spécifiques relatives aux éléments porteurs horizontaux de séparation
— Partie 6: Exigences spécifiques relatives aux poutres
— Partie 7: Exigences spécifiques relatives aux poteaux
— Partie 8: Exigences spécifiques relatives aux éléments porteurs verticaux de séparation
— Partie 9: Exigences spécifiques relatives aux éléments porteurs horizontaux de séparation
— Partie 10: Méthode de fixation de la contribution des matériaux de protection appliqués aux éléments de
structures métalliques
— Partie 11: Méthode d'évaluation de la contribution des matériaux de protection appliqués aux éléments de
structures métalliques
iii
©
ISO
Introduction
Les modifications significatives apportées par rapport à l'ISO 834:1975 sont les exigences concernant:
la précision de l'équipement de mesure;
les tolérances qui s'appliquent aux écarts de la courbe des températures moyennes du four par rapport à la
courbe de chauffage normalisée;
les conditions de surpression des éléments verticaux et horizontaux;
spécification de la charge d'essai;
le conditionnement;
l'utilisation de l'instrumentation;
les critères concernant la capacité de charge.
D'une façon générale, cette révision rend compte de l'objectif du groupe de travail de fournir une Norme
internationale disposée selon un ordre logique et donnant une précision plus grande dans le développement et
l'application des résultats obtenus en utilisant le même équipement ou des équipements différents (il est prévu
d'augmenter l'aspect répétabilité en développant, dans un futur proche, un sous-programme d'étalonnage de
précision qui traitera des paramètres tels que l'uniformité de température, les gradients de pression, la
concentration en oxygène, les matériaux de revêtement du four, etc.).
iv
©
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO ISO 834-1:1999(F)
Essai de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction —
Partie 1:
Exigences générales
1 Domaine d’application
La présente partie de l’ISO 834 décrit une méthode d'essai en vue de déterminer la résistance au feu de divers
éléments de construction quand ils sont soumis à des conditions normalisées d'exposition au feu. Les données de
l'essai ainsi obtenues permettront d'établir ensuite une classification en fonction de la durée pendant laquelle la
performance des éléments soumis à l'essai dans ces conditions satisfait aux critères spécifiés.
2 Références normatives
Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite, constituent des
dispositions valables pour la présente partie de l’ISO 834. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées
étaient en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette à révision et les parties prenantes des accords fondés sur la présente
partie de l’ISO 834 sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des normes
indiquées ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur
à un moment donné.
1)
ISO 13943:— , Sécurité au feu — Vocabulaire.
CEI 60584-1:1995, Couples thermoélectriques — Partie 1: Tables de référence.
3 Définitions
Pour les besoins de la présente partie de l’ISO 834, les définitions données dans l’ISO 13943 ainsi que les
définitions suivantes s'appliquent.
3.1 propriétés réelles du matériau: Propriétés d'un matériau déterminées à partir d'échantillons représentatifs
prélevés dans l'éprouvette pour l'essai au feu selon les exigences de la norme de produit correspondante.
3.2 essai d’étalonnage: Procédure destinée à évaluer de façon expérimentale les conditions d'essai.
3.3 déformation: Tout changement des dimensions ou de la forme d'un élément de construction due à des actions
structurelles ou thermiques. Ceci comprend le fléchissement, la dilatation ou la contraction d'éléments.
3.4 élément de construction: Un élément de construction donné, par exemple un mur, une cloison, un plancher,
un toit, une poutre ou un poteau.
1) À publier.
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3.5 isolation: L'aptitude d'un élément de séparation utilisé sur une construction, lorsqu'il est exposé au feu d'un
côté, à maintenir l'augmentation de température du côté protégé en-deçà des niveaux spécifiés.
3.6 étanchéité: L'aptitude d'un élément de séparation utilisé sur une construction, lorsqu'il est exposé au feu d'un
côté, à éviter que les flammes ou les gaz chauds ne le franchissent ou que des flammes ne se forment sur le côté
non exposé.
3.7 capacité porteuse: L'aptitude d'une éprouvette d'un élément porteur à supporter sa charge d'essai, lorsque
nécessaire, sans dépasser des critères définis pour l'ampleur du fléchissement et la vitesse de déformation.
3.8 élément porteur: Un élément destiné à être utilisé pour supporter une charge extérieure dans une construction
et pour assurer cette fonction en cas d'incendie.
3.9 plan de pression neutre: Niveau auquel la pression est égale à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du four.
3.10 niveau de plancher théorique: Le niveau de plancher présumé par rapport à la position de l'élément de
construction en service.
3.11 assujettissement: La contrainte à la dilatation ou à la rotation (provoquée par des phénomènes thermiques
et/ou mécaniques) permise par les conditions régnant aux extrémités, aux bords ou sur les supports d'une
éprouvette.
NOTE Parmi divers exemples de types d'assujettissements, signalons les assujettissements longitudinaux, rotationnels et
latéraux.
3.12 élément de construction: Un élément qui est destiné à être utilisé pour maintenir une séparation entre deux
zones contiguës dans une construction en cas d'incendie.
3.13 cadre support: La construction qui peut être nécessaire pour réaliser un essai sur certains éléments de
construction et dans laquelle l'éprouvette est assemblée, par exemple le mur dans lequel est aménagée une porte.
3.14 construction d’essai: L'assemblage complet de l'éprouvette avec sa construction portante.
3.15 éprouvette: Un élément (ou une partie) de construction fourni dans le but de déterminer soit sa résistance au
feu, soit sa contribution à la résistance au feu d'un autre élément de construction.
4 Symboles
Symbole Description Unité
Surface située au-dessous de la courbe moyenne réelle de
A °C ⋅ min
temps/température du four
Surface située au-dessous de la courbe normalisée
A °C ⋅ min
s
temps/température
Contraction axiale mesurée à partir du début de l'échauffement. mm
C
mm
C(t) Contraction axiale relevée au temps t de l'essai
dC Taux de contraction axiale, calculé avec l'équation suivante: mm/min
dt
Ct-Ct
() ( )
tt
()-21
d Distance entre la dernière fibre de la zone de compression théorique mm
et la dernière fibre de la zone de traction théorique de la section
structurelle de l'éprouvette en flexion
d Écart en pourcentage (voir 6.1.2) %
e
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Fléchissement mesuré à partir du début de l'échauffement mm
D
mm
D(t) Fléchissement relevé au temps t de l’essai
dD
Vitesse de déformation, calculée avec l'équation suivante : mm/min
dt
Dt-D t
() ( )
tt
()-21
h Hauteur initiale d'une éprouvette à chargement axial mm
L Longueur de la portée libre de l'éprouvette mm
t Durée écoulée depuis le début de l'échauffement min
T Température à l'intérieur du four d'essai °C
5 Matériel d'essai
5.1 Généralités
Le matériel utilisé pour réaliser les essais comprend essentiellement les équipements suivants:
a) four spécialement conçu pour soumettre l'éprouvette aux conditions d'essai indiquées dans l'article approprié;
b) matériel de régulation pour maintenir la température des fours conforme aux exigences de 6.1;
c) équipement de régulation et de surveillance de la pression des gaz à l'intérieur du four pour la maintenir
conforme aux exigences de 6.2;
d) cadre dans lequel l'éprouvette peut être assemblée au four pour permettre de réaliser les conditions de
chauffage, de pression et d'appui appropriées;
e) moyens de chargement et d'assujettissement de l'éprouvette, y compris la régulation et la surveillance des
charges;
f) appareillage de mesure de la température dans le four et sur la face non exposée de l'éprouvettes, et aux
endroits de l'éprouvette où cela s'avère nécessaire;
g) appareillage de mesure des déformations de l'éprouvette aux endroits spécifiés dans les articles appropriés;
h) appareillage servant à évaluer l'étanchéité de l'éprouvette, à déterminer la conformité aux critères de
performance décrits dans l’article 10 et à mesurer le temps écoulé.
5.2 Fours
Les fours d'essais seront conçus pour utiliser des combustibles liquides ou gazeux et seront en mesure d'assurer les
tâches suivantes:
a) chauffage des éléments de séparation verticaux ou horizontaux sur une face; ou
b) chauffage des poteaux sur tous les côtés; ou
c) chauffage des parois sur plus d'un côté; ou
d) chauffage des poutres sur trois ou quatre côtés, selon le cas.
NOTE Les fours peuvent être conçus pour que les ensembles comportant plus d'un élément puissent être éprouvés en
même temps, pourvu que toutes les conditions requises pour chacun des éléments soient respectées.
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Le revêtement des fours sera composé de matériaux ayant une densité inférieure à 1 000 kg/m . Ces matériaux de
revêtement auront une épaisseur d'au moins 50 mm et composera au moins 70 % de la surface interne exposée du
four.
5.3 Équipement de mise en charge
L'équipement de mise en charge doit permettre de soumettre les éprouvettes au niveau de chargement déterminé
selon 6.4. La charge peut être appliquée hydrauliquement, mécaniquement ou à l'aide de poids.
L'équipement de mise en charge sera également capable de simuler des conditions de chargement uniforme, de
chargement ponctuel, de chargement axial ou de chargement excentré, selon le cas qui convient pour l'éprouvette .
L'équipement de mise en charge sera également ca
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