ISO 14416:2003
(Main)Information and documentation — Requirements for binding of books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents for archive and library use — Methods and materials
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding of books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents for archive and library use — Methods and materials
ISO 14416:2003 is applicable to the binding of books, periodicals and archive documents which have special requirements for durability and permanence. The use, as well as the wear and tear, of library and archive documents varies. The choice of binding method should therefore relate to the appropriate requirements of a specific library or archive. The quality as well as the price of the binding is dependent on this choice. It is applicable to the following general procedures: first-time hard-cover binding of published and unpublished materials, and any other documents requiring this type of protection; rebinding of hard-cover monographs, serials and any other documents. It is not intended for binding volumes identified by a customer as having high artifactual or historical value, or for any volumes that, because of their physical characteristics, cannot or should not be bound according to ISO 14416:2003. Arrangements for special treatments should be made separately.
Information et documentation — Prescriptions relatives à la reliure des livres, des périodiques, des publications en série et des autres documents en papier à l'usage des archives et des bibliothèques — Méthodes et matériaux
L'ISO 14416:2003 est applicable à la reliure des livres, des périodiques et des documents d'archives ayant des exigences particulières de durabilité et de permanence. L'usage, ainsi que l'état des documents de bibliothèques et d'archives varient. Il convient donc de choisir la méthode de reliure en fonction des exigences propres à une bibliothèque ou à un centre d'archives spécifique. La qualité autant que le prix de la reliure dépendent de ce choix. Elle est applicable aux opérations générales suivantes: première reliure à couverture rigide de documents publiés ou non publiés, et de tout autre document requérant ce type de protection; nouvelle reliure à couverture rigide d'ouvrages, de publications en série ou de tout autre document. Elle n'est pas destinée à la reliure d'ouvrages revêtant pour un client une valeur importante en tant qu'objet ou sur le plan historique, ou pour tous les autres volumes qui, en raison de leurs caractéristiques physiques, ne peuvent pas être reliés conformément à l'ISO 14416:2003 ou pour lesquels cette dernière ne convient pas. Il y a lieu de passer des accords séparés sur des traitements spéciaux.
Informatika in dokumentacija – Zahteve za vezavo knjig, periodike in drugih dokumentov v papirni obliki za potrebe arhiva in knjižnic – Metode in materiali
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2005
Informatika in dokumentacija – Zahteve za vezavo knjig, periodike in drugih
dokumentov v papirni obliki za potrebe arhiva in knjižnic – Metode in materiali
Information and documentation -- Requirements for binding of books, periodicals, serials
and other paper documents for archive and library use -- Methods and materials
Information et documentation -- Prescriptions relatives à la reliure des livres, des
périodiques, des publications en série et des autres documents en papier à l'usage des
archives et des bibliothèques -- Méthodes et matériaux
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 14416:2003
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
01.140.40 Založništvo Publishing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14416
First edition
2003-06-15
Information and documentation —
Requirements for binding of books,
periodicals, serials and other paper
documents for archive and library use —
Methods and materials
Information et documentation — Prescriptions relatives à la reliure des
livres, des périodiques, des publications en série et des autres
documents en papier à l'usage des archives et des bibliothèques —
Méthodes et matériaux
Reference number
©
ISO 2003
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principles . 6
5 Materials. 7
6 General rules for all treatments. 11
7 Book-block treatments . 14
Annex A (normative) Binding procedure options . 19
Annex B (informative) Decision check-list. 22
Annex C (informative) Comments on performance tests for double-fan adhesive-bound books, T3. 25
Annex D (informative) Illustrations of bindings and binding techniques. 27
Bibliography . 33
Alphabetical index . 34
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14416 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Introduction
Libraries and archives receive books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents which should remain in
good physical condition for as long as their content is worth preserving.
Based on their judgement of the wear and tear of an item and its expected lifetime, the libraries and archives
decide how each book, periodical, etc. shall be protected. It is the responsibility of an archive to preserve
original documents, which may also involve the task of specifying paper quality for the future archive records.
The binding of library books and archive documents has traditionally been made in a manner complying with
each binder's tradition and varying requirements from the customer. This International Standard serves as a
tool for libraries and archives in comparing and evaluating quality in relation to price in a world of rapidly
changing methods of book production and library use.
This International Standard for binding materials and methods is intended to promote
appropriate binding qualities,
to help binderies to rationalize their production including the application of automated systems, and
to ensure continuity of supply of binding materials.
In order to reduce unit costs, libraries, archives and binderies have a common interest in complying to this
International Standard. Binderies will be able to offer lower prices if they receive larger quantities of similar
work, and libraries and archives will therefore be able to use binding more extensively as a protection for their
books.
Annex A, normative, provides a description of a number of optional procedures that may be chosen as
supplements to the fundamental binding procedures.
Three informative Annexes B, C and D, are included. Annex B provides guidance in choosing a binding
method. Annex C gives information on performance tests for double-fan adhesive bound books. Annex D
contains illustrations that show some of the requirements of this International Standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14416:2003(E)
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding of
books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents for
archive and library use — Methods and materials
1 Scope
This International Standard is applicable to the binding of books, periodicals and archive documents which
have special requirements for durability and permanence. The use, as well as the wear and tear, of library and
archive documents varies. The choice of binding method should therefore relate to the appropriate
requirements of a specific library or archive. The quality as well as the price of the binding is dependent on
this choice.
It is applicable to the following general procedures:
first-time hard-cover binding of published and unpublished materials, and any other documents requiring
this type of protection;
rebinding of hard-cover monographs, serials and any other documents.
It is not intended for binding volumes identified by a customer as having high artifactual or historical value, or
for any volumes that, because of their physical characteristics, cannot or should not be bound according to
this International Standard. Arrangements for special treatments should be made separately.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 534:1988, Paper and board — Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet
density
ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 1139:1973, Textiles — Designation of yarns
ISO 1974:1990, Paper — Determination of tearing resistance (Elmendorf method)
ISO 2062:1993, Textiles — Yarns from packages — Determination of single-end breaking force and
elongation at break
ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts
ISO 9665:1998, Adhesives — Animal glues — Methods of sampling and testing
ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence
1)
ANSI L29.1:1977 (R 1984), Fabric for Book Covers
ASTM D 5035-90, Standard test method for breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics (strip force)
3 Terms and definitions
2)
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alkaline buffered paper
paper with a pH equal to or greater than 7,0, and containing a compound (e.g. calcium carbonate) at a level
sufficient to neutralize acid generated from degradation of the paper, from adjacent materials, or from
atmospheric pollution
3.2
all-along sewing
method of sewing a book where the sewing thread goes from kettle-stitch to kettle-stitch of each successive
section, with one complete length of thread for each section
3.3
archive document
record consisting of original documents which are either single units or collected in a series
3.4
binding edge
edge of the gathered leaves or sections that is sewn, adhesive bound or otherwise secured
3.5
binding margin
distance between the binding edge and the printed area
3.6
book block
a gathering of leaves, including printed or written text and all papers added by the bookbinder, that can be or
have been bound
See 3.43.
3.7
brittle paper
paper that will break when it is deformed by folding
NOTE The main causes of paper brittleness after long-term ageing are excessive acidity introduced during the
manufacturing process, and unsuitable storage conditions which lead to deteriorative chemical and physical changes in
the paper structure, especially if the paper is not alkaline buffered.
3.8
Buckram
coated and impregnated fabrics having a heavy base
1) May be obtained from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) at the following address: ANSI 11 West 42nd.
Street. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036 USA.
2) The Figures in Annex D illustrate some of the definitions.
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
3.9
case
assembled covering material, boards and inlay ready to be attached to the book block
3.10
collation
checking for completeness and for putting the leaves, issues or sections of a book or serial publication in the
correct order
3.11
double-fan adhesive binding
method of adhering loose leaves together at the binding edge to create a book block by applying glue to the
leaves, first fanned out in one direction and then once again in the opposite direction
3.12
endpaper
folded sheet of paper attached to the book block, with each sheet facing the inner side of its board, adhesive
being applied to the outer page of each endsheet when the book block is cased in
3.13
fanning out
process of working out the ends of a pile of sheets preparatory for gluing
3.14
flat back
a book that is not rounded or backed, resulting in a flat spine and fore edge
3.15
foil
a thin plastic film with a high vacuum deposit of metal or pigment and backed by a pressure and heat sensitive
adhesive
3.16
guard
a strip of cloth or paper used as a hinge for a map, illustration or a single sheet; also referred to as
compensating strips for thick inserts and maps
See also 3.42.
3.17
hard cover
cover of a book produced from a flexible material, usually cloth or paper supported by ri
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14416
First edition
2003-06-15
Information and documentation —
Requirements for binding of books,
periodicals, serials and other paper
documents for archive and library use —
Methods and materials
Information et documentation — Prescriptions relatives à la reliure des
livres, des périodiques, des publications en série et des autres
documents en papier à l'usage des archives et des bibliothèques —
Méthodes et matériaux
Reference number
©
ISO 2003
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principles . 6
5 Materials. 7
6 General rules for all treatments. 11
7 Book-block treatments . 14
Annex A (normative) Binding procedure options . 19
Annex B (informative) Decision check-list. 22
Annex C (informative) Comments on performance tests for double-fan adhesive-bound books, T3. 25
Annex D (informative) Illustrations of bindings and binding techniques. 27
Bibliography . 33
Alphabetical index . 34
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14416 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Introduction
Libraries and archives receive books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents which should remain in
good physical condition for as long as their content is worth preserving.
Based on their judgement of the wear and tear of an item and its expected lifetime, the libraries and archives
decide how each book, periodical, etc. shall be protected. It is the responsibility of an archive to preserve
original documents, which may also involve the task of specifying paper quality for the future archive records.
The binding of library books and archive documents has traditionally been made in a manner complying with
each binder's tradition and varying requirements from the customer. This International Standard serves as a
tool for libraries and archives in comparing and evaluating quality in relation to price in a world of rapidly
changing methods of book production and library use.
This International Standard for binding materials and methods is intended to promote
appropriate binding qualities,
to help binderies to rationalize their production including the application of automated systems, and
to ensure continuity of supply of binding materials.
In order to reduce unit costs, libraries, archives and binderies have a common interest in complying to this
International Standard. Binderies will be able to offer lower prices if they receive larger quantities of similar
work, and libraries and archives will therefore be able to use binding more extensively as a protection for their
books.
Annex A, normative, provides a description of a number of optional procedures that may be chosen as
supplements to the fundamental binding procedures.
Three informative Annexes B, C and D, are included. Annex B provides guidance in choosing a binding
method. Annex C gives information on performance tests for double-fan adhesive bound books. Annex D
contains illustrations that show some of the requirements of this International Standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14416:2003(E)
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding of
books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents for
archive and library use — Methods and materials
1 Scope
This International Standard is applicable to the binding of books, periodicals and archive documents which
have special requirements for durability and permanence. The use, as well as the wear and tear, of library and
archive documents varies. The choice of binding method should therefore relate to the appropriate
requirements of a specific library or archive. The quality as well as the price of the binding is dependent on
this choice.
It is applicable to the following general procedures:
first-time hard-cover binding of published and unpublished materials, and any other documents requiring
this type of protection;
rebinding of hard-cover monographs, serials and any other documents.
It is not intended for binding volumes identified by a customer as having high artifactual or historical value, or
for any volumes that, because of their physical characteristics, cannot or should not be bound according to
this International Standard. Arrangements for special treatments should be made separately.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 534:1988, Paper and board — Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet
density
ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 1139:1973, Textiles — Designation of yarns
ISO 1974:1990, Paper — Determination of tearing resistance (Elmendorf method)
ISO 2062:1993, Textiles — Yarns from packages — Determination of single-end breaking force and
elongation at break
ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts
ISO 9665:1998, Adhesives — Animal glues — Methods of sampling and testing
ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence
1)
ANSI L29.1:1977 (R 1984), Fabric for Book Covers
ASTM D 5035-90, Standard test method for breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics (strip force)
3 Terms and definitions
2)
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alkaline buffered paper
paper with a pH equal to or greater than 7,0, and containing a compound (e.g. calcium carbonate) at a level
sufficient to neutralize acid generated from degradation of the paper, from adjacent materials, or from
atmospheric pollution
3.2
all-along sewing
method of sewing a book where the sewing thread goes from kettle-stitch to kettle-stitch of each successive
section, with one complete length of thread for each section
3.3
archive document
record consisting of original documents which are either single units or collected in a series
3.4
binding edge
edge of the gathered leaves or sections that is sewn, adhesive bound or otherwise secured
3.5
binding margin
distance between the binding edge and the printed area
3.6
book block
a gathering of leaves, including printed or written text and all papers added by the bookbinder, that can be or
have been bound
See 3.43.
3.7
brittle paper
paper that will break when it is deformed by folding
NOTE The main causes of paper brittleness after long-term ageing are excessive acidity introduced during the
manufacturing process, and unsuitable storage conditions which lead to deteriorative chemical and physical changes in
the paper structure, especially if the paper is not alkaline buffered.
3.8
Buckram
coated and impregnated fabrics having a heavy base
1) May be obtained from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) at the following address: ANSI 11 West 42nd.
Street. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036 USA.
2) The Figures in Annex D illustrate some of the definitions.
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
3.9
case
assembled covering material, boards and inlay ready to be attached to the book block
3.10
collation
checking for completeness and for putting the leaves, issues or sections of a book or serial publication in the
correct order
3.11
double-fan adhesive binding
method of adhering loose leaves together at the binding edge to create a book block by applying glue to the
leaves, first fanned out in one direction and then once again in the opposite direction
3.12
endpaper
folded sheet of paper attached to the book block, with each sheet facing the inner side of its board, adhesive
being applied to the outer page of each endsheet when the book block is cased in
3.13
fanning out
process of working out the ends of a pile of sheets preparatory for gluing
3.14
flat back
a book that is not rounded or backed, resulting in a flat spine and fore edge
3.15
foil
a thin plastic film with a high vacuum deposit of metal or pigment and backed by a pressure and heat sensitive
adhesive
3.16
guard
a strip of cloth or paper used as a hinge for a map, illustration or a single sheet; also referred to as
compensating strips for thick inserts and maps
See also 3.42.
3.17
hard cover
cover of a book produced from a flexible material, usually cloth or paper supported by rigid boards
3.18
insert
additional element, such as printed leaf, blank paper or card, laid between the leaves of a book and not
secured
3.19
joint
exterior juncture of spine and covers
3.20
kettle-stitch
stitch made near the head and tail of a book sewn by hand, and which holds the sections together
3.21
library corner
corner of the binding's cover in which the covering material, instead of being cut and abutted, has the excess
taken up in one diagonal fold, and two turn-ins
3.22
machine direction
direction in a paper or a board corresponding to the direction of travel of the web on the paper or board
machine
NOTE Machine direction is often, but not necessarily always, identical with “grain direction”, the direction in which the
majority of fibres lie in a sheet of machine-produced paper or board.
3.23
milling
mechanical process used to roughen the edge of the leaves and/or to separate leaves in the preparation of
the book block, usually for adhesive bindings
3.24
notch
grooves cut into the spine across the binding edge, often used to enlarge the contact area between glue and
paper in adhesive binding
3.25
overhang
coveri
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 14416
Première édition
2003-06-15
Information et documentation —
Prescriptions relatives à la reliure des
livres, des périodiques, des publications
en série et des autres documents en
papier à l'usage des archives et des
bibliothèques — Méthodes et matériaux
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding of books,
periodicals, serials and other paper documents for archive and library
use — Methods and materials
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2003
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© ISO 2003
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax. + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Références normatives. 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Principes . 8
5 Matériaux. 9
6 Règles générales pour tous les traitements . 13
7 Traitements du corps d'ouvrage . 16
Annexe A (normative) Options de procédés de reliure . 21
Annexe B (informative) Liste de contrôle des décisions. 24
Annexe C (informative) Commentaires relatifs aux tests de performance sur les livres reliés par
collage par double berçage, T3 . 27
Annexe D (informative) Illustrations de reliures et de techniques de reliure. 29
Bibliographie . 35
Index alphabétique. 36
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 14416 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation.
iv © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés
Introduction
Les bibliothèques et les centres d'archives reçoivent des livres, des périodiques, des publications en série et
d'autres documents sur papier qu'il convient de maintenir dans de bonnes conditions physiques aussi
longtemps que l'exige la valeur de leur contenu.
Selon l'appréciation qu'ils portent sur l'état d'un document et de sa durée de vie attendue, bibliothèques et
centres d'archives décident de quelle manière chaque livre, périodique, etc. doit être protégé. Il est de la
responsabilité d'un centre d'archives de préserver les documents originaux, cette responsabilité pouvant aussi
impliquer la définition des qualités de papier pour les archives futures.
La reliure des livres de bibliothèque et des documents d'archives est habituellement réalisée selon des savoir-
faire relevant des traditions propres à chaque relieur et aux prescriptions variées des clients. La présente
Norme internationale doit servir, pour les bibliothèques et les centres d'archives, de moyen de comparaison et
d'évaluation de la qualité par rapport au prix dans un contexte de transformation rapide des méthodes de
fabrication des livres comme des usages en bibliothèque.
La présente Norme internationale relative aux matériaux et méthodes de reliure est destinée
à promouvoir des qualités appropriées en matière de reliure,
à aider les ateliers de reliure à rationaliser leur production en incluant l'application de systèmes
automatisés,
et à assurer une continuité dans la production des matériaux de reliure.
Afin de réduire les coûts unitaires, les bibliothèques, les centres d'archives et les relieurs ont un intérêt
commun à se conformer à la présente Norme internationale. Les ateliers de reliure seront en mesure de
proposer des prix plus bas s'ils reçoivent des trains de reliure plus importants et homogènes, et les
bibliothèques et les centres d'archives seront alors en mesure de recourir d'une manière plus extensive à la
reliure comme méthode de protection de leurs ouvrages.
L'Annexe A, normative, fournit une description d'un certain nombre de procédés optionnels qui peuvent être
choisis en plus des procédés de reliure de base.
Elle est suivie de trois Annexes informatives, B, C et D. L'Annexe B fournit un guide pour le choix d'une
méthode de reliure. L'Annexe C donne des informations sur des tests de performance effectués sur des
ouvrages reliés par encollage et double berçage. L'Annexe D propose des illustrations qui décrivent
quelques-unes des prescriptions de la présente Norme internationale.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 14416:2003(F)
Information et documentation — Prescriptions relatives à la
reliure des livres, des périodiques, des publications en série et
des autres documents en papier à l'usage des archives et des
bibliothèques — Méthodes et matériaux
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale s'applique à la reliure des livres, des périodiques et des documents
d'archives ayant des prescriptions particulières de durabilité et de permanence. L'usage, ainsi que l'état des
documents de bibliothèques et d'archives varient. Il convient donc de choisir la méthode de reliure en fonction
des prescriptions propres à une bibliothèque ou à un centre d'archives donné. La qualité autant que le prix de
la reliure dépendent de ce choix.
Elle s'applique aux opérations générales suivantes:
première reliure à couverture rigide de documents publiés ou non publiés, et de tout autre document
requérant ce type de protection;
nouvelle reliure à couverture rigide d'ouvrages, de publications en série ou de tout autre document.
Elle n'est pas destinée à la reliure d'ouvrages revêtant pour un client une valeur importante en tant qu'objet ou
sur le plan historique, ou pour tous les autres volumes qui, en raison de leurs caractéristiques physiques, ne
peuvent pas être reliés conformément à la présente Norme internationale ou pour lesquels cette dernière ne
convient pas. Il y a lieu de passer des accords séparés sur des traitements spéciaux.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 534:1988, Papier et carton — Détermination de l'épaisseur et de la masse volumique des feuilles uniques
ou des feuilles en liasse
ISO 536:1995, Papier et carton — Détermination du grammage
ISO 1139:1973, Textiles — Désignation des fils
ISO 1974:1990, Papier — Détermination de la résistance au déchirement (Méthode Elmendorf)
ISO 2062:1993, Textiles — Fils sur enroulements — Détermination de la force de rupture et de l'allongement
à la rupture des fils individuels
ISO 6588:1981, Papier, carton et pâtes — Détermination du pH des extraits aqueux
ISO 9665:1998, Adhésifs — Colles d'origine animale — Méthodes d'échantillonnage et d'essai
ISO 9706:1994, Information et documentation — Papier pour documents — Prescriptions pour la permanence
1)
ANSI L29.1:1977 (R 1984), Fabric for Book Covers
ASTM D 5035-90, Standard test method for breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics (strip force)
3 Termes et définitions
2)
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
papier tamponné alcalin
papier avec un pH égal ou supérieur à 7,0, contenant un composant (par exemple du carbonate de calcium)
en quantité suffisante pour neutraliser l'acide généré par le vieillissement du papier, par les matériaux voisins
ou par la pollution atmosphérique
(Terme anglais: alkaline buffered paper)
3.2
couture tout du long
méthode qui consiste à coudre un corps d'ouvrage le fil allant d'un point de chaînette à l'autre pour chaque
cahier successif, avec une longueur complète de fil pour chaque cahier
(Terme anglais: all along sewing)
3.3
document d'archives
document original qui se présente soit sous la forme d'unités simples, soit regroupé dans une série
(Terme anglais: archive documents)
3.4
dos du corps d'ouvrage
bord des feuilles ou des cahiers assemblés sur lequel s'effectue la couture, le collage ou tout autre moyen de
reliure
(Terme anglais: binding edge)
3.5
marge de fond
distance entre le dos du corps d'ouvrage et la zone imprimée
(Terme anglais: binding margin)
3.6
corps d'ouvrage
ensemble de feuillets, comportant des textes imprimés ou manuscrits et tous les papiers ajoutés par le relieur,
prêt à être relié ou déjà relié
(Termes anglais: book block, text block)
Voir 3.43.
NOTE Les Anglo-saxons distinguent «text block» qui ne comprend pas les papiers de reliure, et «book block» qui les
comprend.
1) Peut être obtenu auprès de l'American National Standards Institute (ANSI) à l'adresse suivante:
ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA.
2) Les Figures données dans l'Annexe D illustrent certaines des définitions.
2 © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés
3.7
papier cassant
papier qui casse au pli
(Terme anglais: brittle paper)
NOTE Les principales causes de fragilisation d'un papier lors de son vieillissement sont une acidité excessive
introduite au cours du processus de fabrication, et des conditions de conservation inadéquates qui entraînent des
détériorations chimiques et physiques de la structure du papier, notamment quand le papier ne comporte pas de réserve
alcaline.
3.8
Buckram
toile forte imprégnée et couchée
(Terme anglais: Buckram)
3.9
couverture
ensemble constitué par le matériau de couvrure, les cartons et le faux-dos, prêt à être fixé au corps d'ouvrage
(Terme anglais: case)
3.10
collationnement
classement des feuilles, des numéros d'une publication en série ou des cahiers d'un livre dans le bon ordre
après avoir vérifié que tout est complet
(Terme anglais: collation)
3.11
collage par double berçage
méthode d'assemblage de feuilles libres entre elles, côté dos, pour créer un corps d'ouvrage, en appliquant
de la colle sur les feuillets inclinés et étagés, d'abord dans un sens, puis dans le sens contraire
(Terme angl
...
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