Information and documentation — Requirements for binding materials and methods used in the manufacture of books

This International Standard specifies manufacturing methods and materials that will result in durable hard cover and soft cover binding for books manufactured in commercial quantities. It does not apply to hand bookbinding, individual casing or binding of archival matter. Nor does it apply to fine binding which does not serve its normal purpose of primarily protecting a book block (such as sculptural art formed around book-like material). This International Standard has two normative annexes and one annex with a set of guidelines, each specifying the requirements for its special category of binding. Category A binding (annex A) is intended — for books of permanent retention; — for books produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods, e.g. reference works; — for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection; — for items having lasting aesthetic value. Category B binding (annex B) is intended — for books and periodicals in soft cover and of permanent retention; — for books and periodicals produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods; — for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection; — for items having aesthetic value. Guidelines that specify recommended manufacturing methods and materials for soft cover and hard cover adhesive-bound books are given in annex C. Annex D contains information regarding the fields of application suggested for category A and B bindings and for adhesive-bound books.

Information et documentation — Prescriptions pour les matériaux et méthodes de reliure utilisés dans la fabrication des livres

La présente Norme internationale prescrit les méthodes de fabrication et les matériaux pour la production de livres durables à couverture souple ou rigide réalisée en quantité industrielle. Elle ne s'applique pas à la reliure main, à l'emboîtage individuel ou à la reliure de produits d'archives. Elle ne s'applique pas non plus à la reliure d'art, dont l'objectif principal n'est pas en premier lieu la protection d'un corps d'ouvrage (telle que l'art sculptural autour d'un faux-livre). La présente Norme internationale comporte deux annexes normatives et une annexe informative, chacune spécifiant les prescriptions s'appliquant à chaque catégorie de reliure. La reliure de la catégorie A (annexe A) concerne — les livres pour une conservation permanente; — les livres fabriqués en vue d'un usage intensif sur une longue période, par exemple les ouvrages de référence; — les ouvrages de valeur demandant une protection de longue durée; — les ouvrages de valeur esthétique durable. La reliure de la catégorie B (annexe B) concerne — les livres et périodiques à couverture souple pour une conservation permanente; — les livres et périodiques réalisés en vue d'un usage intensif et pour des périodes prolongées; — les ouvrages de valeur demandant une protection de longue durée; — les ouvrages de valeur esthétique. Les lignes directrices spécifiant les méthodes et les matériaux préconisés pour la reliure collée des ouvrages cartonnés et à couverture souple se trouvent dans l'annexe C. L'annexe D rassemble des éléments d'information relatifs aux champs d'application recommandés pour les reliures de catégories A et B et pour la reliure collée.

Informatika in dokumentacija - Zahteve za kakovost materialov za izdelavo knjižnih platnic in postopke dela pri izdelavi knjig

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
08-Apr-1998
Current Stage
9020 - International Standard under periodical review
Start Date
15-Jul-2024
Completion Date
15-Jul-2024

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2003
Informatika in dokumentacija - Zahteve za kakovost materialov za izdelavo knjižnih
platnic in postopke dela pri izdelavi knjig
Information and documentation -- Requirements for binding materials and methods used
in the manufacture of books
Information et documentation -- Prescriptions pour les matériaux et méthodes de reliure
utilisés dans la fabrication des livres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 11800:1998
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
37.100.10 Reprodukcijska oprema Reproduction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11800
First edition
1998-04-15
Information and documentation —
Requirements for binding materials and
methods used in the manufacture of books
Information et documentation — Prescriptions pour les matériaux
et méthodes de reliure utilisés dans la fabrication des livres
A
Reference number
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions. 2
4 Principles . 5
5 Required characteristics . 5
6 Statement of compliance . 6
Annexes
A Category A binding — Sewn hard cover binding . 7
B Category B binding — Sewn soft cover binding . 12
C Guidelines for the production of soft cover and hard cover adhesive-bound books . 17
D Recommendations concerning fields of application . 21
©  ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
©
ISO ISO 11800:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 11800 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documen-
tation, Subcommittee SC 10, Physical keeping of documents.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes C and D are for information only.
iii
©
Introduction
The usability and durability of books held in libraries and archives is a matter of natural concern to the public.
Private book buyers and readers have a similar interest in such lasting qualities of the books they purchase. Books,
in principle, should remain in good physical condition for as long as their contents are worth preserving. They should
be manufactured to meet the requirements of their intended use.
Industrialized manufacturing methods, unfortunately, have not improved the quality of the average book. An
increasing percentage of recently produced books tend to fall apart prematurely. Tests in library laboratories and
simple observation show that some of the core problems lie in the binding materials and binding methods. Libraries
and archives around the world are concerned about the consequences. It is envisaged that, more and more,
recently acquired books will either fall apart before they are withdrawn from the collection for textual reasons, or
they will have to be replaced or rebound. In either case, library and archival systems worldwide are likely to face
enormous expenses in the future if the quality of the average book is not improved. This, for many public, academic
and special libraries, could be an incentive to become more selective in their acquisitions and to buy fewer new
titles.
This International Standard addresses publishers and book manufacturers. It also addresses acquisition librarians
and archivists with a view to informing library and archival staff about the good physical properties they should
expect in the books they acquire for public use. The purpose of this International Standard is to provide a means of
specifying manufacturing methods and binding materials to be used for the production and making of quality books.
Good quality book bindings should be capable of withstanding ordinary use for a satisfactory period of time without
significant breakdown of the binding structure. The properties of a durable book explicitly include the permanency of
all the component parts, including its paper, the secure attachment of its leaves together, preferably by sewing, to
form the book block, the secure attachment of the book block to its protective cover, and the resistance of the cover
to the effects of abrasion, soiling and exposure to light. The concept of durability includes the attribute of flexibility,
i.e. the ability of a book to open well without stress under normal reading conditions.
For heavy wear, long-term keeping and eventually rebinding of the book block, adhesive binding is not considered
by this International Standard to be as recommendable as sewn binding. For that reason, adhesive binding is not an
integral part of this International Standard. Yet adhesive-bound books can be manufactured to meet such simple
requirements as the secure attachment of their leaves together to form the book block, the secure attachment of the
book block to its protective cover and some resistance of both paper and cover materials to the effects of wear and
deterioration. Guidelines for the manufacture of well-produced adhesive-bound books, therefore, are included as an
annex to this International Standard. The requirements for adhesive binding include the minimum requirements for
acceptable bookbinding under circumstances mentioned in the scope of this International Standard, described in
clause C.1 of annex C, and further explained in annex D. For the sake of expediency, the numbering scheme
applied in annexes A and B of this International Standard is repeated in the Guidelines for adhesive-bound books in
annex C.
Of concern regarding both sewn and adhesive binding are those methods and materials that affect the ease with
which a volume can be rebound or repaired. With this in view, and to ensure that books will open easily when in
use, this International Standard also includes minimum requirements for the size of the inner margins which must be
respected during the imposition of the text matter.
iv
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 11800:1998(E)
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding
materials and methods used in the manufacture of books
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies manufacturing methods and materials that will result in durable hard cover and
soft cover binding for books manufactured in commercial quantities. It does not apply to hand bookbinding,
individual casing or binding of archival matter. Nor does it apply to fine binding which does not serve its normal
purpose of primarily protecting a book block (such as sculptural art formed around book-like material).
This International Standard has two normative annexes and one annex with a set of guidelines, each specifying the
requirements for its special category of binding.
Category A binding (annex A) is intended
— for books of permanent retention;
— for books produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods, e.g. reference works;
— for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection;
— for items having lasting aesthetic value.
Category B binding (annex B) is intended
— for books and periodicals in soft cover and of permanent retention;
— for books and periodicals produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods;
— for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection;
— for items having aesthetic value.
Guidelines that specify recommended manufacturing methods and materials for soft cover and hard cover
adhesive-bound books are given in annex C. Annex D contains information regarding the fields of application
suggested for category A and B bindings and for adhesive-bound books.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 302:1981, Pulps — Determination of Kappa number.
ISO 534:1988, Paper and board — Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density.
ISO 536:1995,
Paper and board — Determination of grammage.
©
ISO 2758:1983, Paper — Determination of bursting strength.
ISO 2835:1974, Prints and printing inks — Assessment of light fastness.
ISO 4046:1978, Paper, board, pulp and related terms — Vocabulary.
1)
ISO 5081:1977, Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method) .
ISO 5127-2:1983, Documentation and information — Vocabulary — Part 2: Traditional documents.
ISO 5626:1993, Paper — Determination of folding endurance.
ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts.
ISO 9665:1993, Adhesives — Animal glues — Methods for sampling and testing.
ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence.
2)
ANSI L29.1-1977 (R1984), Fabrics for Book Covers .
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1
adhesive binding
type of binding, hard cover or soft cover, in which the signatures are milled and the separate sheets glued together
by means of an adhesive
3.2
adhesive line
width of adhesive applied to a material prior to attaching it to another material
3.3
alkaline buffered paper
paper with a pH equal to or higher than 7,0, and containing a compound (e.g. calcium carbonate) at a level sufficient
to neutralize acid generated from degradation of the paper, from adjacent materials, or from atmospheric pollution
3.4
animal glue
natural glue prepared by adding glycerine to high-quality hide glue
3.5
bind
to fasten sheets together and to attach them to protective covers, which may be made of a variety of materials, e.g.
paper, board, cloth
3.6
binder’s board
rigid, solid board, made from a base stock of paper pulp, and of a grammage of 225 g/m or more

1) ASTM D 5035-90, Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Force) is technically identical to
ISO 5081.
2) May be obtained from ANSI at the address: 11 West 42nd Street, 13th floor, New York, N.Y. 10036, USA.
©
ISO ISO 11800:1998(E)
3.7
bursting strength
maximum uniformly distributed pressure, applied at right angles to its surface, that a test piece will stand before it
breaks under the conditions defined in the standard test methods
3.8
casing-in
process of applying adhesive to the outermost endpapers of a book block and fitting the book block into its case
3.9
cross-link
setting up of chemical links between the molecular chains of polymers, resulting in embrittlement of the object
3.10
endpaper
folded sheet of paper attached to the book block, the outer sheet to face the inner side of its board; adhesive is
applied to the outer page of each endsheet when the book block is cased in
3.11
EVA hot-melt (Ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer)
thermoplastic adhesive made of ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer, with fast-setting qualities but low resistance to
environmental factors and ageing
3.12
folding endurance
logarithm (to the base of 10) of the number of double folds required to cause rupture in a strip of paper 15 mm wide
tested under applied standard stress conditions
3.13
forwarding
steps in binding that take place after sewing and prior to a book being cased in; usually it includes rounding, backing
and lining the spine and it may include tipping-in the endpapers
3.14
gluing-off
process of applying adhesive to the spine of the book block after sewing
3.15
hard cover book
book bound in a rigid material, usually binder's board, made either from sewn leaves or as an adhesive binding from
sheets glued together
3.16
hot-melt adhesive
family of polymer adhesives often applied in commercial publisher's bindings to non-standard sewn or adhesive
book blocks
NOTE —  The term is
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11800
First edition
1998-04-15
Information and documentation —
Requirements for binding materials and
methods used in the manufacture of books
Information et documentation — Prescriptions pour les matériaux
et méthodes de reliure utilisés dans la fabrication des livres
A
Reference number
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions. 2
4 Principles . 5
5 Required characteristics . 5
6 Statement of compliance . 6
Annexes
A Category A binding — Sewn hard cover binding . 7
B Category B binding — Sewn soft cover binding . 12
C Guidelines for the production of soft cover and hard cover adhesive-bound books . 17
D Recommendations concerning fields of application . 21
©  ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
©
ISO ISO 11800:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 11800 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documen-
tation, Subcommittee SC 10, Physical keeping of documents.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes C and D are for information only.
iii
©
Introduction
The usability and durability of books held in libraries and archives is a matter of natural concern to the public.
Private book buyers and readers have a similar interest in such lasting qualities of the books they purchase. Books,
in principle, should remain in good physical condition for as long as their contents are worth preserving. They should
be manufactured to meet the requirements of their intended use.
Industrialized manufacturing methods, unfortunately, have not improved the quality of the average book. An
increasing percentage of recently produced books tend to fall apart prematurely. Tests in library laboratories and
simple observation show that some of the core problems lie in the binding materials and binding methods. Libraries
and archives around the world are concerned about the consequences. It is envisaged that, more and more,
recently acquired books will either fall apart before they are withdrawn from the collection for textual reasons, or
they will have to be replaced or rebound. In either case, library and archival systems worldwide are likely to face
enormous expenses in the future if the quality of the average book is not improved. This, for many public, academic
and special libraries, could be an incentive to become more selective in their acquisitions and to buy fewer new
titles.
This International Standard addresses publishers and book manufacturers. It also addresses acquisition librarians
and archivists with a view to informing library and archival staff about the good physical properties they should
expect in the books they acquire for public use. The purpose of this International Standard is to provide a means of
specifying manufacturing methods and binding materials to be used for the production and making of quality books.
Good quality book bindings should be capable of withstanding ordinary use for a satisfactory period of time without
significant breakdown of the binding structure. The properties of a durable book explicitly include the permanency of
all the component parts, including its paper, the secure attachment of its leaves together, preferably by sewing, to
form the book block, the secure attachment of the book block to its protective cover, and the resistance of the cover
to the effects of abrasion, soiling and exposure to light. The concept of durability includes the attribute of flexibility,
i.e. the ability of a book to open well without stress under normal reading conditions.
For heavy wear, long-term keeping and eventually rebinding of the book block, adhesive binding is not considered
by this International Standard to be as recommendable as sewn binding. For that reason, adhesive binding is not an
integral part of this International Standard. Yet adhesive-bound books can be manufactured to meet such simple
requirements as the secure attachment of their leaves together to form the book block, the secure attachment of the
book block to its protective cover and some resistance of both paper and cover materials to the effects of wear and
deterioration. Guidelines for the manufacture of well-produced adhesive-bound books, therefore, are included as an
annex to this International Standard. The requirements for adhesive binding include the minimum requirements for
acceptable bookbinding under circumstances mentioned in the scope of this International Standard, described in
clause C.1 of annex C, and further explained in annex D. For the sake of expediency, the numbering scheme
applied in annexes A and B of this International Standard is repeated in the Guidelines for adhesive-bound books in
annex C.
Of concern regarding both sewn and adhesive binding are those methods and materials that affect the ease with
which a volume can be rebound or repaired. With this in view, and to ensure that books will open easily when in
use, this International Standard also includes minimum requirements for the size of the inner margins which must be
respected during the imposition of the text matter.
iv
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 11800:1998(E)
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding
materials and methods used in the manufacture of books
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies manufacturing methods and materials that will result in durable hard cover and
soft cover binding for books manufactured in commercial quantities. It does not apply to hand bookbinding,
individual casing or binding of archival matter. Nor does it apply to fine binding which does not serve its normal
purpose of primarily protecting a book block (such as sculptural art formed around book-like material).
This International Standard has two normative annexes and one annex with a set of guidelines, each specifying the
requirements for its special category of binding.
Category A binding (annex A) is intended
— for books of permanent retention;
— for books produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods, e.g. reference works;
— for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection;
— for items having lasting aesthetic value.
Category B binding (annex B) is intended
— for books and periodicals in soft cover and of permanent retention;
— for books and periodicals produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods;
— for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection;
— for items having aesthetic value.
Guidelines that specify recommended manufacturing methods and materials for soft cover and hard cover
adhesive-bound books are given in annex C. Annex D contains information regarding the fields of application
suggested for category A and B bindings and for adhesive-bound books.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 302:1981, Pulps — Determination of Kappa number.
ISO 534:1988, Paper and board — Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density.
ISO 536:1995,
Paper and board — Determination of grammage.
©
ISO 2758:1983, Paper — Determination of bursting strength.
ISO 2835:1974, Prints and printing inks — Assessment of light fastness.
ISO 4046:1978, Paper, board, pulp and related terms — Vocabulary.
1)
ISO 5081:1977, Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method) .
ISO 5127-2:1983, Documentation and information — Vocabulary — Part 2: Traditional documents.
ISO 5626:1993, Paper — Determination of folding endurance.
ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts.
ISO 9665:1993, Adhesives — Animal glues — Methods for sampling and testing.
ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence.
2)
ANSI L29.1-1977 (R1984), Fabrics for Book Covers .
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1
adhesive binding
type of binding, hard cover or soft cover, in which the signatures are milled and the separate sheets glued together
by means of an adhesive
3.2
adhesive line
width of adhesive applied to a material prior to attaching it to another material
3.3
alkaline buffered paper
paper with a pH equal to or higher than 7,0, and containing a compound (e.g. calcium carbonate) at a level sufficient
to neutralize acid generated from degradation of the paper, from adjacent materials, or from atmospheric pollution
3.4
animal glue
natural glue prepared by adding glycerine to high-quality hide glue
3.5
bind
to fasten sheets together and to attach them to protective covers, which may be made of a variety of materials, e.g.
paper, board, cloth
3.6
binder’s board
rigid, solid board, made from a base stock of paper pulp, and of a grammage of 225 g/m or more

1) ASTM D 5035-90, Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Force) is technically identical to
ISO 5081.
2) May be obtained from ANSI at the address: 11 West 42nd Street, 13th floor, New York, N.Y. 10036, USA.
©
ISO ISO 11800:1998(E)
3.7
bursting strength
maximum uniformly distributed pressure, applied at right angles to its surface, that a test piece will stand before it
breaks under the conditions defined in the standard test methods
3.8
casing-in
process of applying adhesive to the outermost endpapers of a book block and fitting the book block into its case
3.9
cross-link
setting up of chemical links between the molecular chains of polymers, resulting in embrittlement of the object
3.10
endpaper
folded sheet of paper attached to the book block, the outer sheet to face the inner side of its board; adhesive is
applied to the outer page of each endsheet when the book block is cased in
3.11
EVA hot-melt (Ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer)
thermoplastic adhesive made of ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer, with fast-setting qualities but low resistance to
environmental factors and ageing
3.12
folding endurance
logarithm (to the base of 10) of the number of double folds required to cause rupture in a strip of paper 15 mm wide
tested under applied standard stress conditions
3.13
forwarding
steps in binding that take place after sewing and prior to a book being cased in; usually it includes rounding, backing
and lining the spine and it may include tipping-in the endpapers
3.14
gluing-off
process of applying adhesive to the spine of the book block after sewing
3.15
hard cover book
book bound in a rigid material, usually binder's board, made either from sewn leaves or as an adhesive binding from
sheets glued together
3.16
hot-melt adhesive
family of polymer adhesives often applied in commercial publisher's bindings to non-standard sewn or adhesive
book blocks
NOTE —  The term is often used to mean EVA hot-melt, cf. 3.11.
3.17
inner margin
unprinted space between the printed area of a page and the centrefold of the signature
3.18
insert
sheets or signatures, usually with illustrations, printed separately from the text and sewn or pasted into the book
block during binding
©
3.19
lining
materials (cloth and paper) adhered to the spine of the book block or the spine of the case
3.20
machine direction
direction in a paper or a board corresponding to the direction of travel of the web on the paper or board machine
NOTE —  Machine direction is often but not necessarily always identical with "grain direction", the direction in which the
majority of fibres lie in a sheet of machine-produced paper or board.
3.21
milling
process of preparing the book block for adhesive binding by milling the binding edge
3.22
nipping
applying pressure to the book block after sewing and gluing-off the back to reduce
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 11800
Première édition
1998-04-15
Information et documentation —
Prescriptions pour les matériaux et
méthodes de reliure utilisés dans la
fabrication des livres
Information and documentation — Requirements for binding materials and
methods used in the manufacture of books
A
Numéro de référence
Sommaire
Page
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 2
3 Définitions. 2
4 Principes . 6
5 Caractéristiques requises . 6
6 Déclaration de conformité . 6
Annexes
A Reliure de catégorie A — Reliure cousue en cahiers avec couverture rigide . 8
B Reliure de catégorie B — Reliure cousue en cahiers avec couverture souple (brochure) . 14
C Lignes directrices pour la réalisation de reliures collées à couverture souple ou rigide . 19
D Recommandations concernant les champs d’application . 24
©  ISO 1998
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque
forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
©
ISO ISO 11800:1998(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comité membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en
liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour
vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités
membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 11800 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et
documentation, sous-comité SC 10, Archivage matériel des documents.
Les annexes A et B font partie intégrante de la présente Norme internationale. Les annexes C et D sont données
uniquement à titre d’information.
iii
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Introduction
L’usage et la conservation des livres contenus dans les bibliothèques et les archives sont, par leur nature même, un
sujet d’intérêt pour le public. Les particuliers, acheteurs de livres ou lecteurs, ont un intérêt similaire dans la qualité
de durée des livres qu’ils acquièrent. En principe, les livres devraient demeurer en bonne condition physique tant
que leur contenu mérite d’être préservé. Ils devraient être fabriqués de façon à répondre à l’usage auquel ils sont
destinés.
Les méthodes industrielles de fabrication n’ont malheureusement pas amélioré la qualité moyenne du livre. Un
pourcentage de plus en plus important de livres fabriqués récemment ont tendance à se détériorer de façon
prématurée. Des essais effectués dans les laboratoires des bibliothèques et des observations simples ont montré
que le coeur du problème se situe dans les matériaux de reliure et dans les méthodes de reliure. Les bibliothèques
et les archives à l’échelle mondiale se trouvent préoccupées des conséquences de cet état de fait. On considère
que de plus en plus d’ouvrages récemment acquis se détérioreront avant d’être retirés de la collection pour des
raisons textuelles ou devront être remplacés ou une nouvelle fois reliés. Dans ces conditions, les bibliothèques et
les archives seront appelées dans l’avenir à d’énormes dépenses, et ce à l’échelle internationale, si la qualité
moyenne du livre n’est pas améliorée. Cela risque d'encourager les bibliothèques publiques, académiques ou
spécialisées, à être plus sélectives dans leurs acquisitions et d’acheter moins de titres nouveaux.
La présente Norme internationale concerne les éditeurs et les relieurs. Elle concerne également les bibliothécaires
et les archivistes chargés de l’acquisition des ouvrages et de l'information de leur personnel quant aux propriétés
physiques adéquates qu’ils attendent des livres acquis pour l’usage du public. Le but de la présente Norme
internationale est de fournir un moyen de préciser les méthodes de fabrication et les matériaux de reliure devant
être utilisés dans la fabrication de livres de qualité.
Les reliures de bonne qualité devraient être capables de soutenir un usage courant pour une durée de temps
satisfaisante sans rupture de leurs structures. Les propriétés d’un livre durable incluent explicitement la
permanence de ses composants, y compris le papier, le solide assemblage de ses feuilles, de préférence par
couture, pour former le bloc, l’adhésion du bloc à sa couverture de protection, et la résistance de la couverture aux
effets du frottement, de la salissure et de l’exposition à la lumière. Le concept de durabilité inclut la flexibilité, c’est-
à-dire la possibilité pour le livre de bien s’ouvrir sans tension, dans des conditions de lecture normale.
Pour un usage intensif, une conservation à long terme ou un renouvellement éventuel de la reliure, la reliure
recommandée par la présente Norme internationale est la reliure cousue plutôt que la reliure sans couture. Pour
cette raison, la reliure collée n'est intégrée qu'à titre informatif dans la présente Norme internationale. Cependant,
des livres peuvent être réalisés en reliure collée quand les seules conditions à atteindre sont le bon assemblage
des feuilles pour former le corps d'ouvrage, l'adhésion correcte du corps d'ouvrage à sa couverture, et une certaine
résistance du papier et des matériaux de couverture à l'usage et à la détérioration. Par conséquent, les lignes
directrices pour la réalisation correcte de reliures collées ne sont incorporées qu'en annexe à la présente Norme
internationale. Les prescriptions concernant la reliure collée incluent les prescriptions minimales requises pour une
reliure acceptable dans les conditions mentionnées dans le domaine d'application de la présente Norme
internationale, décrites dans l'article C.1 de l'annexe C et détaillées dans l'annexe D. Pour plus de commodité, la
numérotation adoptée dans les annexes A et B est reprise pour les lignes directrices figurant dans l’annexe C.
Avec cette préoccupation, tant pour les reliures cousues que pour les reliures collées, il ne faut pas perdre de vue
la facilité avec laquelle un ouvrage pourra être relié à nouveau ou réparé. Afin d’atteindre ces qualités et de
s’assurer que les livres s’ouvriront facilement à l’usage, la présente Norme internationale inclut aussi des
prescriptions minimales pour les dimensions des marges intérieures, qui doivent être respectées lors de la
composition du texte.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE  ISO ISO 11800:1998(F)
Information et documentation — Prescriptions pour les matériaux
et méthodes de reliure utilisés dans la fabrication des livres
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale prescrit les méthodes de fabrication et les matériaux pour la production de livres
durables à couverture souple ou rigide réalisée en quantité industrielle. Elle ne s’applique pas à la reliure main, à
l’emboîtage individuel ou à la reliure de produits d’archives. Elle ne s’applique pas non plus à la reliure d’art, dont
l’objectif principal n’est pas en premier lieu la protection d’un corps d'ouvrage (telle que l’art sculptural autour d’un
faux-livre).
La présente Norme internationale comporte deux annexes normatives et une annexe informative, chacune
spécifiant les prescriptions s’appliquant à chaque catégorie de reliure.
La reliure de la catégorie A (annexe A) concerne
— les livres pour une conservation permanente;
— les livres fabriqués en vue d’un usage intensif sur une longue période, par exemple les ouvrages de référence;
— les ouvrages de valeur demandant une protection de longue durée;
— les ouvrages de valeur esthétique durable.
La reliure de la catégorie B (annexe B) concerne
— les livres et périodiques à couverture souple pour une conservation permanente;
— les livres et périodiques réalisés en vue d’un usage intensif et pour des périodes prolongées;
— les ouvrages de valeur demandant une protection de longue durée;
— les ouvrages de valeur esthétique.
Les lignes directrices spécifiant les méthodes et les matériaux préconisés pour la reliure collée des ouvrages
cartonnés et à couverture souple se trouvent dans l'annexe C. L'annexe D rassemble des éléments d'information
relatifs aux champs d'application recommandés pour les reliures de catégories A et B et pour la reliure collée.
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2 Références normatives
Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui en est faite, constituent des
dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées
étaient en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette à révision et les parties prenantes des accords fondés sur la présente
Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des normes
indiquées ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur
à un moment donné.
ISO 302:1981, Pâtes — Détermination de l'indice Kappa.
ISO 534:1988, Papier et carton — Détermination de l’épaisseur et de la masse volumique des feuilles uniques ou
des feuilles en liasses.
ISO 536:1995, Papier et carton — Détermination du grammage.
ISO 2758:1983, Papier — Détermination de la résistance à l’éclatement.
ISO 2835:1974, Impressions et encres d'imprimerie — Évaluation de la résistance à la lumière.
ISO 4046:1978, Papier, carton, pâtes et termes connexes — Vocabulaire.
ISO 5081:1977, Textiles — Tissus — Détermination de la force de rupture et de l'allongement de rupture (Méthode
1)
sur bande) .
ISO 5127-2:1983, Documentation et information — Vocabulaire — Partie 2: Documents de type traditionnel.
ISO 5626:1993, Papier — Détermination de la résistance au pliage.
ISO 6588:1981, Papier, carton et pâtes — Détermination du pH des extraits aqueux.
ISO 9665:1993, Adhésifs — Colles d'origine animale — Méthodes d’échantillonnage et d'essai.
ISO 9706:1994, Information et documentation — Papier pour documents — Prescriptions pour la permanence.
2)
ANSI L29.1-1977 (R1984), Fabrics for Book Covers .
3 Définitions
Pour les besoins de la présente Norme internationale, les définitions suivantes s'appliquent.
3.1
reliure collée
type de reliure à couverture cartonnée ou souple, dans laquelle les cahiers sont fraisés et les feuilles individuelles
collées ensemble au moyen d’un produit adhésif
3.2
ligne adhésive
largeur de la colle appliquée à un matériau avant de le coller à un autre

1) La norme ASTM D 5035-90, Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Force), est
techniquement identique à l’ISO 5081.
2) Peut être obtenue auprès de l’ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th floor, New York, N.Y. 10036, USA.
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ISO ISO 11800:1998(F)
3.3
papier tamponné alcalin
papier avec un pH égal ou supérieur à 7,0, contenant un composant (par exemple du carbonate de calcium) dans
une quantité suffisante pour neutraliser l’acide généré par le vieillissement du papier, par les matériaux voisins ou
par la pollution atmosphérique
3.4
colle animale
colle naturelle préparée par addition de glycérine à une colle de haute qualité fabriquée à partir de déchets
d’abattoirs
3.5
relier
assembler des feuilles et leur ajouter des couvertures de protection qui peuvent être faites de matériaux variés, par
exemple papier, carton ou tissu
3.6
carton de reliure
carton solide, rigide, fabriqué à partir de pâte à papier, et d’un grammage > 225 g/m
3.7
résistance à l'éclatement
pression maximum uniformément distribuée, appliquée perpendiculairement à la surface d’une feuille, et que cette
feuille peut supporter avant de rompre dans les conditions définies par les méthodes d'essai normalisées
3.8
emboîtage
procédé qui consiste à appliquer de la colle aux feuilles de garde extérieures d’un corps d'ouvrage et à le fixer dans
sa couverture
3.9
liaison croisée
création de liens chimiques entre des chaînes moléculaires de polymères, aboutissant à un phénomène
d'effritement
3.10
feuille de garde
feuille de papier pliée attachée au corps d'ouvrage, la face externe du premier feuillet faisant face à l’intérieur du
carton. La colle est appliquée sur cette face extérieure lors de l’emboîtage
3.11
EVA hot-melt (acétate d’éthyle vinylique copolymère)
colle thermoplastique ayant des qualités de prise rapide mais une faible résistance aux facteurs d’environnement et
au vieillissement
3.12
résistance au pliage
logarithme décimal du nombre de doubles-plis nécessaires pour provoquer la rupture d’une bande de papier de
15 mm de largeur essayée dans des conditions de tension normalisées
3.13
préparation
étapes de reliure qui suivent la couture jusqu’au moment de l’emboîtage. La préparation comprend généralement
l’arrondissure, l’endossure et la pose de mousseline sur le dos et peut comprendre également l’encollage des
feuilles de gardes
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3.14
passure en colle
procédé qui consiste à appliquer de la colle au dos du corps d'ouvrage après la couture
3.15
livr
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