ISO 19434:2017

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19434
First edition
2017-10
Mining — Classification of mine
accidents
Mines — Classification des accidents dans les mines
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents  Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
4  Classification . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause . 3
4.3 Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident . 4
4.4 Classification of mine accidents based on their consequences . 4
4.5 Coding . 4
5  Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause: Code 1xx .6
5.1 Chemical-based accidents: Code 10x, unspecified is 100 . 6
5.1.1 Explosives and accessories: Code 101 . 6
5.1.2 Chemical compounds: Code 102 . 6
5.1.3 Fire: Code 103 . 6
5.1.4 Chemical apparatus and material: Code 104 . 6
5.2 Electrical-based accidents: Code 110 . 6
5.3 Environmental-based accidents: Code 12x, unspecified is 120 . 6
5.3.1 Working environment: Code 121 . 6
5.3.2 Natural environment: Code 122 . 7
5.4 Geo-chemical-based accidents: Code 130 . 7
5.5 Geo-mechanical-based accidents: Code 140 . 7
5.6 Equipment-based accidents: Code 15x, unspecified is 150 . 7
5.6.1 Hand tools: Code 151 . 7
5.6.2 Non-powered haulage: Code 152 . 7
5.6.3 Powered haulage: Code 153 . 7
5.6.4 Hoisting: Code 154 . 7
5.6.5 Machinery: Code 155 . 8
5.7 Mechanical-based accidents: Code 160 . 8
[4] 8
5.8 Human errors-based accidents .
5.8.1 General. 8
[4] 8
5.8.2 Person-based errors: Code 17x, unspecified is 170 .
[4] 9
5.8.3 Situation-based errors: Code 18x, unspecified is 180 .
[4] 9
5.8.4 System-based errors: Code 19x, unspecified is 190 .
6  Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident: Code 2xx, unclassifiable
[1]
is 200 .10
6.1 Contact with objects and equipment: Codes 210 (for unspecified), 22x, 23x, 24x or
[1] 10
25x .
6.1.1 Struck against object: Code 22x, unspecified is 220 .10
6.1.2 Struck by object: Code 23x, unspecified is 230 .10
6.1.3 Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects: Code 24x, unspecified
is 240 .11
6.1.4 Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials: code 25x, unspecified is 250.12
[1] 12
6.2 Falls: Code 26x, unspecified is 260 .
6.2.1 Fall of person to lower level: Code 261 .12
6.2.2 Falls of persons on the same level: Code 262 .12
6.2.3 Fall of material or structures: Code 263 .12
[1] 13
6.3 Bodily reaction and exertion: Code 27x, unspecified is 270 .
6.3.1 Over-exertion in lifting objects: Code 271 .13
6.3.2 Over-exertion in pushing or pulling objects: Code 272 .13
6.3.3 Over-exertion in handling or throwing objects: Code 273 .13
6.3.4 Wrong movements: Code 274 .13
[1] 13
6.4 Exposure to harmful substances or environments: Code 28x, unspecified is 280 .
6.4.1 Contact with electric current: Code 281 .13
6.4.2 Contact or exposure to temperature extremes: Code 282 .13
6.4.3 Exposure to noise: Code 283 .13
6.4.4 Exposure to radiation: Code 284 .13
6.4.5 Oxygen deficiency: Code 285 .13
6.4.6 Contact with chemicals: Code 286 .14
[1] 14
6.5 Fires and explosions: Code 29x, unspecified is 290 .
6.5.1 Fires- unintended or uncontrolled: Code 291 .14
6.5.2 Explosion: Code 292 .14
[1] 14
6.6 Unclassifiable: Code 200 .
7  Classification of mine accidents based on their consequences: Codes 3xx, 4xx and 5xx .14
[3] 14
7.1 Based on the degree of disability: Code 3xx, unspecified is 300 .
7.1.1 Resulting in death or disability, Code 31x .14
7.1.2 Without disability: Code 32x, unspecified is 320 .15
[5] 15
7.2 Based on the nature of injury: Code 4xx, unspecified is 400 .
7.2.1 Fractures: Code 401 .15
7.2.2 Dislocations: Code 402 .15
7.2.3 Sprains and strains: Code 403 .15
7.2.4 Concussions and other internal injuries: Code 404.15
7.2.5 Amputations and enucleations: Code 405 .15
7.2.6 Other wounds: Code 406 .15
7.2.7 Superficial injuries: Code 407 .16
7.2.8 Contusions and crushings: Code 408 .16
7.2.9 Burns: Code 409 .16
7.2.10 Acute poisonings: Code 410 .16
7.2.11 Effects of weather, exposure and related conditions: Code 411 .16
7.2.12 Asphyxia: Code 412 .16
7.2.13 Effects of electric currents: Code 413 .16
7.2.14 Effects of radiations: Code 414 .16
7.2.15 Multiple injuries of different nature: Code 415 . .16
7.2.16 Others and unspecified injuries: Code 400 .17
[5] 17
7.3 Based on location of injury: Code 5xx, unspecified is 500 .
Annex A (informative) Code list .19
Bibliography .25
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
Introduction
The primary purpose of this document on classification of mine accidents is to promote uniformity and
comparability of mine accidents statistics, which has as an ultimate goal to prevent accidents.
Although mine accidents are very complex realizations and many factors can contribute to their
occurrence, much thought has been given to the study of causes and consequences of the accidents and
many investigations have been carried out on the subject.
An accident, mishap or misadventure is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often
with lack of intention or necessity. It usually implies a generally negative outcome which might have
been avoided or prevented.
A mine accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining. Thousands of miners die from
mine accidents every year. And although safer modern mining methods have been introduced, mine
accidents are still the cause of casualties and financial losses.
Mine accidents can have a variety of causes, including leaks of poisonous gases such as hydrogen
sulphide or explosive natural gases, especially firedamp or methane, dust explosions, collapsing
of mine stopes, toxic gases arising from mine fires, mining-induced seismicity, flooding, or general
mechanical errors from improperly used or malfunctioning mining equipment. Mine accidents mainly
occur in the coal mining and underground mines sector. Initially, this document had a focus on coal and
underground mines risks, but it has been extended to cover all mining environments.
While available accident reports are very detailed, this International Standard provides a tool to look
at a broader picture. The advantage of the classification given in this International Standard is that
statistical methods can be used to gain more insight into mine accident causation and probable results.
By analysing a multitude of mine accidents and applying this standardized classification scheme, the
users of this International Standard will be able to both detect patterns for the development of mine
accidents and to derive correlations.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19434:2017(E)
Mining — Classification of mine accidents
1  Scope
This document establishes a classification of mine accidents by their origin or causes, by the type of
accident, and by their results or consequences. The latter includes only the accidents resulting into
consequences on people, not equipment or machinery.
Different categories of causes, types and consequences of mine accidents are briefly defined, and a
3-digit code is assigned to each category. These can be combined to ultimately allocate a unique 15-digit
code to each type of mine accident. This code can then be used in statistical analysis. Similarly, an
allocated code clearly shows to which categories of causes, type of accident and resulting consequences
the mine accident belongs to.
This document is applicable to all surface and underground mines.
NOTE Accidents can be classified in terms of other items than those given in this document, especially in
researches and in other classification schemes. These can be, e.g. classifications based on the level of financial
damages; gender, age, professional skills, terms of service and academic degree of the personnel; days of week,
month, year, hour of accident; area of site, etc. While these classifications can be useful to enable certain decisions
to be taken by the health and safety executives, they are not considered in this document
2  Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
accident
unplanned event that can result in injury or ill health of people, and/or damage to or loss of property,
plants, materials, machinery, processes or the environment, and business opportunity
3.2
accident cause
factor or factors that act together to produce an accident
3.3
air blast
airborne shock wave or acoustic transient generated by an explosion
3.4
backfilling
filling in again of a place from which the rock or ore has been removed
3.5
blocking
obstruction of the ore passes by ore material or rock that refuses to pass
3.6
brattice curtain
line brattice
line canvas
line curtain
fire-resistant fabric or plastic partition used in a mine passage to confine the air and force it into the
working place
3.7
detonation
explosion where the shock waves are supersonic
Note 1 to entry: Detonation involves a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually
drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
Note 2 to entry: Detonations are observed in both conventional solid and liquid explosives, as well as in reactive
gases. The velocity of detonations in solid and liquid explosives is higher than that in gaseous ones, which allows
the wave system to be measured with greater detail.
3.8
dust
fine particles of a solid that can remain suspended in air with a particle size larger than that of a fume
Note 1 to entry: Dusts are produced by mechanical action, such as grinding.
Note 2 to entry: Some dusts can be harmful to an employee’s health.
3.9
dust explosion
fast combustion of dust particles suspended in the air in an enclosed location
Note 1 to entry: Coal dust explosions are a frequent hazard in underground coal mines, but dust explosions can
occur where any powdered combustible material is present in an enclosed atmosphere or, in general, in high
enough concentrations of dispersed combustible particles in atmosphere or other suitable gaseous medium such
as molecular oxygen.
3.10
explosive
chemical which detonates after introduction of a stimulus appropriate initiation, so that the reaction
front moves through the explosive at a higher speed than the sonic velocity of the material
Note 1 to entry: Upon detonation, an explosive releases large volumes of gaseous products and energy on the
surrounding rock, which causes fragmentation, shattering, or shearing.
Note 2 to entry: The ingredients of an explosive, which are combinations of fuels and oxidizers, are converted to
high pressure, high temperature gases upon detonation.
3.11
face
exposed area of a working place from which a mineral, rock, ore or coal is being extracted
3.12
failure
rock instability occurring when applied force exceeds maximum rock strength
3.13
failure
state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective
3.14
fly rock
fugitive rock fragments propelled from the blast area by the force of an explosion
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

3.15
injury
damage to a biological organism caused by physical harm
3.16
noise
unwanted sound that can lead to hearing loss or stress, or to interfere with the ability to hear other
sound or to communicate
3.17
outburst
violent evolution of combustible gases (usually together with large quantities of coal dust) from a
working face
Note 1 to entry: The occurrence is violent and can overwhelm the workings and fill the entire district with
gaseous mixtures.
Note 2 to entry: Roadways advancing into virgin and stressed areas of coal are particularly prone to outbursts in
certain seams and faults often intersect in the area.
3.18
rock burst
sudden and often violent breaking of a mass of rock from the walls of a tunnel, mine, or deep quarry,
caused by failure of highly stressed rock and the rapid or instantaneous release of accumulated
strain energy
3.19
roof fall
mine cave-in, especially in permanent areas such as entries
3.20
spalling
violent formation of slabs which separate from a strained surface
Note 1 to entry: If the force is sufficient for the slab to be ejected from the surface this would constitute one form
of strainburst.
3.21
stowing
debris of a vein thrown back from a continuous miner machine and which supports the roof or hanging
wall of the excavation
4  Classification
4.1  General
This document defines three major categories to classify mine accidents. As shown in Figure 1, one
category is the origin or cause of mine accidents, the second one is the type of accidents and the third
one is their resulting consequences. In this regard, all mine accidents can be placed into the categories,
given in 4.2 to 4.4.
4.2  Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause
This category comprises the following mutually exclusive sub-categories:
— Chemical-based accidents (see 5.1)
— Electrical-based accidents (see 5.2)
— Environmental-based accidents (see 5.3)
— Geo-chemical-based accidents (see 5.4)
— Geo-mechanical-based accidents (see 5.5)
— Equipment-based accidents (see 5.6)
— Mechanical-based accidents (see 5.7)
— Human errors-based accidents (see 5.8)
4.3  Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident
This category comprises the following mutually exclusive sub-categories:
— Contact with objects and equipment (see 6.1)
— Falls (see 6.2)
— Bodily reaction and exertion (see 6.3)
— Exposure to harmful substances or environments (see 6.4)
— Fires and explosions (see 6.5)
— Unclassifiable (see 6.6)
4.4  Classification of mine accidents based on their consequences
This category comprises the following mutually inclusive sub-categories:
— Degree of disability (see 7.1)
— Nature of injury (see 7.2)
— Location of injury (see 7.3)
4.5  Coding
A unique combined code in the form of “1xx.2xx.3xx.4xx.5xx” can then be allocated to any accident, where:
“1xx” is for the origin or cause of the accident.
“2xx” is for the type of accident.
“3xx” is for its consequences by degree of disability.
“4xx” is for its consequences by nature of injury.
“5xx” represents its consequences by part of the body injured.
EXAMPLE Code “194.292.311.409.517” shows that the origin of the accident is “Errors caused by violating
procedures, instructions and regulations”, type of accident is “Explosion”, degree of disability is “Death”, the
nature of injury is “Burns” and location of injury is “Head, multiple locations”.
Clause 5 describes the codes for the origin or cause of the accident, Clause 6 describes the codes for the
type of accident, and Clause 7 describes the codes for the consequences of the accident by degree of
disability (7.1), by nature of injury (7.2) and by part of the body injured (7.3). Annex A gives a complete
list of the codes.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — Classification of mine accidents
5  Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause: Code 1xx
5.1  Chemical-based accidents: Code 10x, unspecified is 100
5.1.1  Explosives and accessories: Code 101
Accidents involving the detonation of manufactured explosives that can cause unbalancing oxygen,
flying debris, fly rock, concussive forces and fumes are included in this category.
These accidents can occur during blasting operations, charging, handling and withdrawing charges.
5.1.2  Chemical compounds: Code 102
In this category, chemical compounds such as acids and alkalis are most directly tied to the resulting
accident and injury.
5.1.3  Fire: Code 103
Accidents classified in this group are caused by fire accidents. Fires include:
a) Open fires, which result from friction, welding, firing, gas explosion and cable short circuiting.
b) Spontaneous combustion: in this process, charcoal temperature increases due to oxygen surface
absorption and causes an increase in chemical reactions and the production of carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and various carbohydrates. In case of oxygen sufficiency and
lack of an efficient ventilation system to transmit the resulted heat, spontaneous combustion and
eventually fire occur in the mine. The events relating to spontaneous combustions are classified in
subclause 5.4.
5.1.4  Chemical apparatus and material: Code 104
The events classified in this group are caused by defective or broken equipment and chemicals used in
mines, such as: failure of the brattice curtain (plastic and canvas) and catalytic heating equipment and
damage of rubber/plastic/fibreglass/fabric material.
5.2  Electrical-based accidents: Code 110
In this category, electric current (DC or AC) is most directly responsible for the resulting accident.
Electrical energy is used in mines in four settings: lighting (lights), power distribution network (cables),
electrical mining machines such as ventilation machines, and electric shot firing. Accidents occurring in
these four settings are classified in this group.
5.3  Environmental-based accidents: Code 12x, unspecified is 120
Mining accidents in this group occur due to working and natural environment conditions.
5.3.1  Working environment: Code 121
Conditions occurring due to mining operations and construction activities, such as inrush of water and
mud, audio contamination, slippery surfaces or geographical topology such as ponds and lakes or stuck
in facilities.
Conditions related to the environmental situation of the workplace such as temperature and pressure,
diesel particulate matter (DPM), fog, disturbing animals, and light intensity.
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

5.3.2  Natural environment: Code 122
Conditions occurring due to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, lightning, and volcanic
eruptions among others.
5.4  Geo-chemical-based accidents: Code 130
Accidents of this group are associated to changes in the elemental particles of the materials available in
the mines, such as radioactivity materials, charcoal spontaneous combustion, dispersion and explosion
of mine gases.
5.5  Geo-mechanical-based accidents: Code 140
Accidents of this group are relevant to soil and rock mechanical behaviour and are mainly caused
by instability of mine segments such as wall, surface mining or underground mine, roof, floor, face
or galleries, manifested as collapse, rock burst, outburst, roof fall, floor heave up, subsidence, run of
materials, stowing, backfilling and spalling.
Some of the collapses cause accidents directly and some other through generation of windblast, air
blast or blocking.
NOTE Many of the geo-mechanical aspects are overlapped with geo-technical engineering related aspects
such as landslide. In this document, seismology, continuum mechanics, fracture mechanics and mechanics of
non-continuous environments are included in geo-mechanics.
5.6  Equipment-based accidents: Code 15x, unspecified is 150
This category comprises the mine accidents resulting from equipment (light and heavy) that performs
mining functions in both surface and underground mines. This category should only be used for
classifying accidents caused by, and during, the operation of the mining equipment.
These accidents are classified as per the sub-categories given in 5.6.1 to 5.6.5.
5.6.1  Hand tools: Code 151
Accidents related to non-powered tools when being used as hand tools. Do not include electric tools or
[2]
air-powered tools .
5.6.2  Non-powered haulage: Code 152
Accidents related to motion of non-powered haulage equipment. Included are accidents involving
[2]
wheelbarrows, manually pushed mine cars and trucks, etc.
5.6.3  Powered haulage: Code 153
Haulage includes motors and rail cars, conveyors, belt feeders, longwall conveyors, bucket elevators,
vertical manlifts, self-loading scrapers or pans, shuttle cars, haulage trucks, front-end loaders, load-
haul-dumps, forklifts, cherry pickers, mobile cranes if travelling with a load, etc. The accident is caused
by the motion of the haulage unit. Include accidents that are caused by an energized or moving unit or
failure of component parts. If a car dropper suffers an injury as a result of falling from a moving car,
[2]
charge the accident to haulage .
5.6.4  Hoisting: Code 154
Damage to hoisting equipment in a shaft or slope which endangers an individual or interferes with use
of the equipment for more than 30 min. Hoisting may also be the classification where a victim was
[2].
injured by hoisting
5.6.5  Machinery: Code 155
Accidents that result from the action or motion of machinery or from failure of component parts.
Included are autonomous or tele-operated machines, all electric and air-powered tools and mining
machinery such as drills, raise climbers, tuggers, slushers, draglines, power shovels, loading machines,
compressors, etc. Include derricks and cranes except when they are used in shaft sinking (see hoisting,
[2]
5.6.4) or mobile cranes travelling with a load (see powered haulage, 5.6.3) .
5.7  Mechanical-based accidents: Code 160
Accidents of this group are caused by mechanical factors such as abrasion, strike and pressure, and
affect the effective lifetime and performance of machines and equipment.
Torn cables, blown tanks and pressurized pipes, technical defects of machinery, unwanted release of
mechanical or stored energy and equipment body depreciation or lost mechanical protection of the
same are amongst the issues that occur due to mechanical factors, resulting in accidents.
[4]
5.8  Human errors-based accidents
5.8.1  General
This classification is partly based on the occurrence of human errors. Humans naturally make mistakes,
but there are certain reasons leading to errors which are not directly controlled by the one who
commits such errors, and understanding these reasons can help prevent the errors from occurring.
Therefore, the human errors-based accidents are classified in the following three groups: person-based
(5.8.2, code 17x), situation-based (5.8.3, code 18x), and system-based (5.8.4, code 19x) errors.
[4]
5.8.2  Person-based errors: Code 17x, unspecified is 170
[4]
5.8.2.1  Unintentional errors: Code 171
These errors occur against one’s will and unintentionally and notwithstanding the fact that one is
decisive to do the job correctly. Such errors sometimes occur due to real time negligence (internal
factors) and sometimes due to distraction (external factors). These errors often occur in routine duties.
[4]
5.8.2.2  Errors caused by habit: Code 172
These errors occur when a repetitive action that is made frequently is replaced with another action.
EXAMPLE A worker is used to apply a recurrent suite of actions, but these need to be exceptionally altered.
[4]
5.8.2.3  Identification errors: Code 173
These errors occur when something is identified wrongly. In a study conducted at refineries, 75 % of
the human errors have been reported to be the result of defects in labels of equipment and eventually
errors in identifying the equipment.
[4]
5.8.2.4  Errors resulting from the impossibility of fulfilment of job duties: Code 174
Some of the job duties are quite complex, difficult and even impossible to fulfil. Therefore, shortcuts are
used to fulfil those. In case such shortcuts are not examined well, they may result in the occurrence of
errors. The more complex and difficult a job duty is, the more likely the occurrence of error will be. For
instance, the high mental load is seen as a complexity, as one may focus on a certain issue at a certain
time and, in case excessive information is simultaneously received, this may result in errors.
EXAMPLE Lighting several alarms in the control panel which gives too much information to the operator
and eventually results in confusion.
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

[4]
5.8.2.5  Errors resulting from a wrong perception: Code 175
In this type of error the information entered into the system for decision making is perceived and
interpreted wrongly.
[4]
5.8.2.6  Errors resulting from a lack of knowledge: Code 176
The regular course of this type of error is a defect in acquiring proper information from other individuals
or organizations which caused insufficient information (especially under non normal conditions) and
eventually the operator may act in terms of own assumptions which may be wrong and cause errors.
[4]
5.8.2.7  Errors resulting from expectations and habits: Code 177
It is a certain type of error resulting from the expectations and habits. Inherently, humans fulfil their
tasks in terms of their habits and this is sometimes problematic. In many cases, what we see is what we
expect, even if there are evidences to neglect the same. This error is known as the daily habits error as
well. It is more likely to occur under limited time and stressful conditions.
[4]
5.8.2.8  Reasoning errors: Code 178
These errors occur when one acquires correct information for decision making and acting, while fails
to do correct analysis and conclusion. Lack of training and experience intensifies the occurrence of
such errors.
5.8.2.9  Errors resulting from a lack of compliance between the employee and the job: Code 179
[4]
These errors are mainly the result of human factors, where one is not suitable for the job assigned.
EXAMPLE The height of the operator is not appropriate for driving the relevant vehicle.
[4]
5.8.3  Situation-based errors: Code 18x, unspecified is 180
[4]
5.8.3.1  Environment: Code 181
Occurrence of the errors depends on environmental factors.
EXAMPLES Lack of work space, high temperatures, weak light, strong light, etc. can cause such errors.
[4]
5.8.3.2  Stress: Code 182
Decision making under stressful conditions can cause errors; some references indicate that human-
[4]
based error potential under stressful conditions reaches 50 % .
[4]
5.8.3.3  Time: Code 183
Some of the errors occur due to time limitations. Limited time results in that one does a certain action
and/or makes a certain decision resulting in errors and/or no action is taken at all within such limited
period of time.
[4]
5.8.4  System-based errors: Code 19x, unspecified is 190
These errors are intensified by system elements. They comprise the errors in 5.8.4.1 to 5.8.4.4.
[4]
5.8.4.1  Errors resulting from others’ actions: Code 191
Many of the errors are in fact a chain of errors triggered by a fundamental error. This issue is the result
of uncontrolled accepting of the information, action of others, etc.
[4]
5.8.4.2  Errors resulting from incorrect equipment design: Code 192
EXAMPLE In a control board, the pressure gauge is located at a 3 m distance from the left hand of the
operator’s seat and the thermometer is on the right side and within a 2 m distance. The operator reads the two
figures at the same time and registers them in the report. Therefore, this incorrect design can cause errors.
[4]
5.8.4.3  Instructions-based errors: Code 193
Sometimes the instructions are wrong and are not suitable to the work being conducted. Such
instructions result in confusion of the operator and errors.
[4]
5.8.4.4  Errors caused by violating procedures, instructions and regulations: Code 194
Violating regulations are intentional errors and are defined as failing to accept the regulations. These
errors occur when people feel the procedures, and/or regulations, are not relevant for them.
6  Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident: Code 2xx,
[1]
unclassifiable is 200
The type of accident relates to the manner in which the object or substance causing the injury comes
into contact with the injured person, or to the movement of the person which resulted in the injury.
6.1  Contact with objects and equipment: Codes 210 (for unspecified), 22x, 23x, 24x
[1]
or 25x
Codes in this division apply to injuries produced by contact between the injured person and the source
of injury except when contact is due to falls, fires and explosions. Contact may be denoted by a statement
that the injured person struck or was struck by an object, was caught in an object, rubbed against an
object, or by words such as “hit by,” or “hit,” “bumped into,” “crushed by,” or “banged”.
6.1.1  Struck against object: Code 22x, unspecified is 220
The “struck against” codes apply to injuries produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured
person and the source of injury when the motion producing the contact is primarily that of the injured
person. This major group includes bumping into objects, stepping on objects, kicking objects, and being
pushed or thrown into or against objects. If a person strikes against an object due to falling, the injury
is classified in subclause 6.2, Falls.
6.1.1.1  Stepped on object: Code 221
6.1.1.2  Struck against stationary object: Code 222
6.1.1.3  Struck against moving object: Code 223
6.1.2  Struck by object: Code 23x, unspecified is 230
The “struck by” codes apply to injuries produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured
person and the source of injury when the motion producing the contact is primarily that of the source
of injury rather than the person.
6.1.2.1  Struck by falling object: Code 231
Struck by falling object should be selected when the source of injury is falling from an elevation to a
lower level. This includes instances where the injured person is crushed, pinned, or caught under a
falling object, other than collapsing material or structures.
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

6.1.2.2  Struck by flying object: Code 232
Struck by flying object codes should be selected when the source of injury has been thrown, hurled, or
is being propelled across space.
6.1.2.2.1  Struck by dislodged flying object or particle: Code 233
Struck by dislodged flying object or particle includes instances when a piece of material separates from
a tool, machine or other equipment, for example, a piece of a drill bit breaks off, striking a worker.
6.1.2.2.2  Struck by discharged object or substance: Code 234
Struck by discharged objects or substance refers to instances where the object is ejected under power
by a tool or equipment usually designed for that purpose. Examples include a nail discharged from a
nail gun, water discharged from a pressure cleaner and a staple from a staple gun.
6.1.2.3  Struck by swinging or slipping objects: Code 235
Struck by swinging or slipping object refers to objects which are not free standing; that is, they are
attached at some point or are being held by the worker.
6.1.2.3.1  Struck by or slammed in swinging door or gate: Code 236
6.1.2.3.2  Struck by slipping hand-held object: Code 237
Struck by slipping hand-held objects includes cases where the worker is holding a tool or other
instrument that slips and injures the worker.
6.1.2.4  Struck by rolling, sliding objects on floor or ground level: Code 238
Struck by rolling, sliding objects on floor or ground level (Code 238
...