ISO 19434:2017

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19434
First edition
2017-10
Mining — Classification of mine
accidents
Mines — Classification des accidents dans les mines
Reference number
ISO 19434:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017

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ISO 19434:2017(E)

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ISO 19434:2017(E)

Contents  Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
4  Classification . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause . 3
4.3 Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident . 4
4.4 Classification of mine accidents based on their consequences . 4
4.5 Coding . 4
5  Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause: Code 1xx .6
5.1 Chemical-based accidents: Code 10x, unspecified is 100 . 6
5.1.1 Explosives and accessories: Code 101 . 6
5.1.2 Chemical compounds: Code 102 . 6
5.1.3 Fire: Code 103 . 6
5.1.4 Chemical apparatus and material: Code 104 . 6
5.2 Electrical-based accidents: Code 110 . 6
5.3 Environmental-based accidents: Code 12x, unspecified is 120 . 6
5.3.1 Working environment: Code 121 . 6
5.3.2 Natural environment: Code 122 . 7
5.4 Geo-chemical-based accidents: Code 130 . 7
5.5 Geo-mechanical-based accidents: Code 140 . 7
5.6 Equipment-based accidents: Code 15x, unspecified is 150 . 7
5.6.1 Hand tools: Code 151 . 7
5.6.2 Non-powered haulage: Code 152 . 7
5.6.3 Powered haulage: Code 153 . 7
5.6.4 Hoisting: Code 154 . 7
5.6.5 Machinery: Code 155 . 8
5.7 Mechanical-based accidents: Code 160 . 8
[4] 8
5.8 Human errors-based accidents .
5.8.1 General. 8
[4] 8
5.8.2 Person-based errors: Code 17x, unspecified is 170 .
[4] 9
5.8.3 Situation-based errors: Code 18x, unspecified is 180 .
[4] 9
5.8.4 System-based errors: Code 19x, unspecified is 190 .
6  Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident: Code 2xx, unclassifiable
[1]
is 200 .10
6.1 Contact with objects and equipment: Codes 210 (for unspecified), 22x, 23x, 24x or
[1] 10
25x .
6.1.1 Struck against object: Code 22x, unspecified is 220 .10
6.1.2 Struck by object: Code 23x, unspecified is 230 .10
6.1.3 Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects: Code 24x, unspecified
is 240 .11
6.1.4 Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials: code 25x, unspecified is 250.12
[1] 12
6.2 Falls: Code 26x, unspecified is 260 .
6.2.1 Fall of person to lower level: Code 261 .12
6.2.2 Falls of persons on the same level: Code 262 .12
6.2.3 Fall of material or structures: Code 263 .12
[1] 13
6.3 Bodily reaction and exertion: Code 27x, unspecified is 270 .
6.3.1 Over-exertion in lifting objects: Code 271 .13
6.3.2 Over-exertion in pushing or pulling objects: Code 272 .13
6.3.3 Over-exertion in handling or throwing objects: Code 273 .13
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6.3.4 Wrong movements: Code 274 .13
[1] 13
6.4 Exposure to harmful substances or environments: Code 28x, unspecified is 280 .
6.4.1 Contact with electric current: Code 281 .13
6.4.2 Contact or exposure to temperature extremes: Code 282 .13
6.4.3 Exposure to noise: Code 283 .13
6.4.4 Exposure to radiation: Code 284 .13
6.4.5 Oxygen deficiency: Code 285 .13
6.4.6 Contact with chemicals: Code 286 .14
[1] 14
6.5 Fires and explosions: Code 29x, unspecified is 290 .
6.5.1 Fires- unintended or uncontrolled: Code 291 .14
6.5.2 Explosion: Code 292 .14
[1] 14
6.6 Unclassifiable: Code 200 .
7  Classification of mine accidents based on their consequences: Codes 3xx, 4xx and 5xx .14
[3] 14
7.1 Based on the degree of disability: Code 3xx, unspecified is 300 .
7.1.1 Resulting in death or disability, Code 31x .14
7.1.2 Without disability: Code 32x, unspecified is 320 .15
[5] 15
7.2 Based on the nature of injury: Code 4xx, unspecified is 400 .
7.2.1 Fractures: Code 401 .15
7.2.2 Dislocations: Code 402 .15
7.2.3 Sprains and strains: Code 403 .15
7.2.4 Concussions and other internal injuries: Code 404.15
7.2.5 Amputations and enucleations: Code 405 .15
7.2.6 Other wounds: Code 406 .15
7.2.7 Superficial injuries: Code 407 .16
7.2.8 Contusions and crushings: Code 408 .16
7.2.9 Burns: Code 409 .16
7.2.10 Acute poisonings: Code 410 .16
7.2.11 Effects of weather, exposure and related conditions: Code 411 .16
7.2.12 Asphyxia: Code 412 .16
7.2.13 Effects of electric currents: Code 413 .16
7.2.14 Effects of radiations: Code 414 .16
7.2.15 Multiple injuries of different nature: Code 415 . .16
7.2.16 Others and unspecified injuries: Code 400 .17
[5] 17
7.3 Based on location of injury: Code 5xx, unspecified is 500 .
Annex A (informative) Code list .19
Bibliography .25
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ISO 19434:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
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ISO 19434:2017(E)

Introduction
The primary purpose of this document on classification of mine accidents is to promote uniformity and
comparability of mine accidents statistics, which has as an ultimate goal to prevent accidents.
Although mine accidents are very complex realizations and many factors can contribute to their
occurrence, much thought has been given to the study of causes and consequences of the accidents and
many investigations have been carried out on the subject.
An accident, mishap or misadventure is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often
with lack of intention or necessity. It usually implies a generally negative outcome which might have
been avoided or prevented.
A mine accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining. Thousands of miners die from
mine accidents every year. And although safer modern mining methods have been introduced, mine
accidents are still the cause of casualties and financial losses.
Mine accidents can have a variety of causes, including leaks of poisonous gases such as hydrogen
sulphide or explosive natural gases, especially firedamp or methane, dust explosions, collapsing
of mine stopes, toxic gases arising from mine fires, mining-induced seismicity, flooding, or general
mechanical errors from improperly used or malfunctioning mining equipment. Mine accidents mainly
occur in the coal mining and underground mines sector. Initially, this document had a focus on coal and
underground mines risks, but it has been extended to cover all mining environments.
While available accident reports are very detailed, this International Standard provides a tool to look
at a broader picture. The advantage of the classification given in this International Standard is that
statistical methods can be used to gain more insight into mine accident causation and probable results.
By analysing a multitude of mine accidents and applying this standardized classification scheme, the
users of this International Standard will be able to both detect patterns for the development of mine
accidents and to derive correlations.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19434:2017(E)
Mining — Classification of mine accidents
1  Scope
This document establishes a classification of mine accidents by their origin or causes, by the type of
accident, and by their results or consequences. The latter includes only the accidents resulting into
consequences on people, not equipment or machinery.
Different categories of causes, types and consequences of mine accidents are briefly defined, and a
3-digit code is assigned to each category. These can be combined to ultimately allocate a unique 15-digit
code to each type of mine accident. This code can then be used in statistical analysis. Similarly, an
allocated code clearly shows to which categories of causes, type of accident and resulting consequences
the mine accident belongs to.
This document is applicable to all surface and underground mines.
NOTE Accidents can be classified in terms of other items than those given in this document, especially in
researches and in other classification schemes. These can be, e.g. classifications based on the level of financial
damages; gender, age, professional skills, terms of service and academic degree of the personnel; days of week,
month, year, hour of accident; area of site, etc. While these classifications can be useful to enable certain decisions
to be taken by the health and safety executives, they are not considered in this document
2  Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
accident
unplanned event that can result in injury or ill health of people, and/or damage to or loss of property,
plants, materials, machinery, processes or the environment, and business opportunity
3.2
accident cause
factor or factors that act together to produce an accident
3.3
air blast
airborne shock wave or acoustic transient generated by an explosion
3.4
backfilling
filling in again of a place from which the rock or ore has been removed
3.5
blocking
obstruction of the ore passes by ore material or rock that refuses to pass
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3.6
brattice curtain
line brattice
line canvas
line curtain
fire-resistant fabric or plastic partition used in a mine passage to confine the air and force it into the
working place
3.7
detonation
explosion where the shock waves are supersonic
Note 1 to entry: Detonation involves a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually
drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
Note 2 to entry: Detonations are observed in both conventional solid and liquid explosives, as well as in reactive
gases. The velocity of detonations in solid and liquid explosives is higher than that in gaseous ones, which allows
the wave system to be measured with greater detail.
3.8
dust
fine particles of a solid that can remain suspended in air with a particle size larger than that of a fume
Note 1 to entry: Dusts are produced by mechanical action, such as grinding.
Note 2 to entry: Some dusts can be harmful to an employee’s health.
3.9
dust explosion
fast combustion of dust particles suspended in the air in an enclosed location
Note 1 to entry: Coal dust explosions are a frequent hazard in underground coal mines, but dust explosions can
occur where any powdered combustible material is present in an enclosed atmosphere or, in general, in high
enough concentrations of dispersed combustible particles in atmosphere or other suitable gaseous medium such
as molecular oxygen.
3.10
explosive
chemical which detonates after introduction of a stimulus appropriate initiation, so that the reaction
front moves through the explosive at a higher speed than the sonic velocity of the material
Note 1 to entry: Upon detonation, an explosive releases large volumes of gaseous products and energy on the
surrounding rock, which causes fragmentation, shattering, or shearing.
Note 2 to entry: The ingredients of an explosive, which are combinations of fuels and oxidizers, are converted to
high pressure, high temperature gases upon detonation.
3.11
face
exposed area of a working place from which a mineral, rock, ore or coal is being extracted
3.12
failure
rock instability occurring when applied force exceeds maximum rock strength
3.13
failure
state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective
3.14
fly rock
fugitive rock fragments propelled from the blast area by the force of an explosion
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3.15
injury
damage to a biological organism caused by physical harm
3.16
noise
unwanted sound that can lead to hearing loss or stress, or to interfere with the ability to hear other
sound or to communicate
3.17
outburst
violent evolution of combustible gases (usually together with large quantities of coal dust) from a
working face
Note 1 to entry: The occurrence is violent and can overwhelm the workings and fill the entire district with
gaseous mixtures.
Note 2 to entry: Roadways advancing into virgin and stressed areas of coal are particularly prone to outbursts in
certain seams and faults often intersect in the area.
3.18
rock burst
sudden and often violent breaking of a mass of rock from the walls of a tunnel, mine, or deep quarry,
caused by failure of highly stressed rock and the rapid or instantaneous release of accumulated
strain energy
3.19
roof fall
mine cave-in, especially in permanent areas such as entries
3.20
spalling
violent formation of slabs which separate from a strained surface
Note 1 to entry: If the force is sufficient for the slab to be ejected from the surface this would constitute one form
of strainburst.
3.21
stowing
debris of a vein thrown back from a continuous miner machine and which supports the roof or hanging
wall of the excavation
4  Classification
4.1  General
This document defines three major categories to classify mine accidents. As shown in Figure 1, one
category is the origin or cause of mine accidents, the second one is the type of accidents and the third
one is their resulting consequences. In this regard, all mine accidents can be placed into the categories,
given in 4.2 to 4.4.
4.2  Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause
This category comprises the following mutually exclusive sub-categories:
— Chemical-based accidents (see 5.1)
— Electrical-based accidents (see 5.2)
— Environmental-based accidents (see 5.3)
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— Geo-chemical-based accidents (see 5.4)
— Geo-mechanical-based accidents (see 5.5)
— Equipment-based accidents (see 5.6)
— Mechanical-based accidents (see 5.7)
— Human errors-based accidents (see 5.8)
4.3  Classification of mine accidents based on type of accident
This category comprises the following mutually exclusive sub-categories:
— Contact with objects and equipment (see 6.1)
— Falls (see 6.2)
— Bodily reaction and exertion (see 6.3)
— Exposure to harmful substances or environments (see 6.4)
— Fires and explosions (see 6.5)
— Unclassifiable (see 6.6)
4.4  Classification of mine accidents based on their consequences
This category comprises the following mutually inclusive sub-categories:
— Degree of disability (see 7.1)
— Nature of injury (see 7.2)
— Location of injury (see 7.3)
4.5  Coding
A unique combined code in the form of “1xx.2xx.3xx.4xx.5xx” can then be allocated to any accident, where:
“1xx” is for the origin or cause of the accident.
“2xx” is for the type of accident.
“3xx” is for its consequences by degree of disability.
“4xx” is for its consequences by nature of injury.
“5xx” represents its consequences by part of the body injured.
EXAMPLE Code “194.292.311.409.517” shows that the origin of the accident is “Errors caused by violating
procedures, instructions and regulations”, type of accident is “Explosion”, degree of disability is “Death”, the
nature of injury is “Burns” and location of injury is “Head, multiple locations”.
Clause 5 describes the codes for the origin or cause of the accident, Clause 6 describes the codes for the
type of accident, and Clause 7 describes the codes for the consequences of the accident by degree of
disability (7.1), by nature of injury (7.2) and by part of the body injured (7.3). Annex A gives a complete
list of the codes.
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Figure 1 — Classification of mine accidents
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5  Classification of mine accidents based on their origin or cause: Code 1xx
5.1  Chemical-based accidents: Code 10x, unspecified is 100
5.1.1  Explosives and accessories: Code 101
Accidents involving the detonation of manufactured explosives that can cause unbalancing oxygen,
flying debris, fly rock, concussive forces and fumes are included in this category.
These accidents can occur during blasting operations, charging, handling and withdrawing charges.
5.1.2  Chemical compounds: Code 102
In this category, chemical compounds such as acids and alkalis are most directly tied to the resulting
accident and injury.
5.1.3  Fire: Code 103
Accidents classified in this group are caused by fire accidents. Fires include:
a) Open fires, which result from friction, welding, firing, gas explosion and cable short circuiting.
b) Spontaneous combustion: in this process, charcoal temperature increases due to oxygen surface
absorption and causes an increase in chemical reactions and the production of carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and various carbohydrates. In case of oxygen sufficiency and
lack of an efficient ventilation system to transmit the resulted heat, spontaneous combustion and
eventually fire occur in the mine. The events relating to spontaneous combustions are classified in
subclause 5.4.
5.1.4  Chemical apparatus and material: Code 104
The events classified in this group are caused by defective
...