IEC 62361-2:2013

IEC 62361-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange –
Interoperability in the long term –
Part 2: End to end quality codes for supervisory control and data acquisition
(SCADA)
Gestion des systèmes de puissance et échanges d'informations associés –
Interopérabilité à long terme –
Partie 2: Codes de qualité de bout en bout pour le contrôle de supervision et
acquisition de données (SCADA)

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IEC 62361-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange –

Interoperability in the long term –

Part 2: End to end quality codes for supervisory control and data acquisition

(SCADA)
Gestion des systèmes de puissance et échanges d'informations associés –

Interopérabilité à long terme –

Partie 2: Codes de qualité de bout en bout pour le contrôle de supervision et

acquisition de données (SCADA)

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1081-9

– 2 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Overview of applicable IEC standards . 9
5 Quality code flow diagram from substation to control center . 10
6 List of quality codes by existing standards . 12
6.1 Comparison of quality codes in existing standards. 12
6.2 IEC 60870-5-101/ IEC 60870-5-104 quality codes . 14
6.2.1 Data related quality . 14
6.2.2 Timestamp and related quality . 14
6.3 IEC 60870-5-103 quality codes . 15
6.4 IEC 60870-6 (TASE.2) quality codes . 15
6.4.1 Data related quality . 15
6.4.2 Timestamp and related quality . 16
6.5 IEC 61850 quality codes (from IEC 61850-7-3) . 17
6.5.1 Data related quality . 17
6.5.2 Quality in the client server context . 19
6.5.3 Relation between quality identifiers . 21
6.5.4 Timestamp and related quality . 22
6.6 IEC 61970-301 quality codes . 24
6.6.1 General . 24
6.6.2 MeasurementValueQuality Attributes defined in IEC 61970-301. 24
6.6.3 MeasurementValueSource naming conventions . 25
6.7 OPC and OMG quality codes . 26
6.7.1 OPC DA quality codes . 26
6.7.2 DAIS Data Access Quality codes . 28
6.7.3 Timestamp and related quality . 32
6.8 OPC UA Data Access Status Codes . 33
6.8.1 Overview . 33
6.8.2 Operation level result codes . 33
7 Mapping of quality codes between standards . 34
7.1 General . 34
7.2 Mapping from IEC 61850 to IEC 60870-5-101/ IEC 60870-5-104 . 34
7.3 Mapping from IEC 60870-5-101/IEC 60870-5-104 to IEC 61970-301 . 36
7.4 Mapping from IEC 61850 to IEC 61970-301 . 37
7.5 Mapping from IEC 60870-6 to IEC 61970-301 . 39
7.6 Mapping from IEC 61970-301 to IEC 60870-6 . 40
7.7 Mapping from IEC 61850 to DAIS DA and OPC DA . 42
8 Common quality codes across the power systems information exchange standards . 44
8.1 Common quality codes . 44
8.2 Quality code definitions . 44
8.2.1 Validity quality codes . 44
8.2.2 Detailed quality codes . 45

62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
8.2.3 Additional quality codes . 48
8.2.4 Timestamp related quality codes . 48
8.2.5 Source quality codes . 48

Figure 1 – Overview IEC power systems information exchange standards . 9
Figure 2 – Example of quality code flow diagram from substation to remote control
center . 11
Figure 3 – Quality type definitions . 17
Figure 4 – Quality identifiers in a single client – server relationship . 20
Figure 5 – Quality identifiers in a multiple client – server relationship . 20
Figure 6 – Interaction of substitution and validity . 22
Figure 7 – MeasurementValueQuality attributes inherited from IEC 61850 . 25
Figure 8 – OMG DAIS quality codes . 30

Table 1 – Overview of quality codes in existing standards . 13
Table 2 – Validity attribute values . 16
Table 3 – CurrentSource attribute values . 16
Table 4 – NormalSource attribute values . 16
Table 5 – NormalValue attribute values. 16
Table 6 – DetailQual relation to invalid or questionable . 18
Table 7 – TimeStamp type definition . 23
Table 8 – TimeQuality definition excerpt from IEC 61850-7-2:2010, Table 8 . 23
Table 9 – TimeAccuracy excerpt from IEC 61850-5:2013, Table 9 . 24
Table 10 – Example MeasurementValueSource naming conventions . 25
Table 11 – Lower 8 bits of OPC DA quality flags . 26
Table 12 – OPC standard quality BitField definition . 26
Table 13 – Substatus for BAD quality . 27
Table 14 – Substatus for UNCERTAIN quality . 27
Table 15 – Substatus for GOOD quality . 28
Table 16 – Limit BitField contents . 28
Table 17 – OPCQuality members . 30
Table 18 – Quality, status and limit bit masks . 30
Table 19 – Main quality enumerations . 30
Table 20 – Detailed quality flags for bad quality . 31
Table 21 – Detailed quality flags for uncertain quality . 31
Table 22 – Definition of limit flags . 31
Table 23 – DAIS masks . 32
Table 24 – DAIS flags defining source . 32
Table 25 – Timestamp for DAIS quality flags . 32
Table 26 – Bad operation level result codes . 33
Table 27 – Uncertain operation level result codes . 33
Table 28 – Good operation level result codes . 34
Table 29 – Mapping from IEC 61850 to IEC 60870-5-101/IEC 60870-5-104 . 35
Table 30 – Mapping from IEC 60870-5-101/IEC 60870-5-104 to IEC 61970-301 . 36

– 4 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
Table 31 – Mapping from IEC 61850 to IEC 61970-301 . 38
Table 32 – Mapping from IEC 60870-6 to IEC 61970-301 . 39
Table 33 – Mapping from IEC 61970-301 to IEC 60870-6 . 41
Table 34 – Mapping from IEC 61850 to DAIS DA and OPC DA . 42
Table 35 – Validity quality codes . 45
Table 36 – Detailed good quality codes . 45
Table 37 – Detailed invalid quality codes . 46
Table 38 – Detailed questionable quality codes . 47
Table 39 – Additional quality codes . 48
Table 40 – Timestamp quality codes . 48
Table 41 – Process and substituted quality codes . 49

62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
______________
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE –
INTEROPERABILITY IN THE LONG TERM –

Part 2: End to end quality codes for supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62361-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 57: Power
systems management and associated information exchange.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
57/1374/FDIS 57/1390/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 6 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
In this document, words printed in all CAPITALS or SMALL CAPITALS represent specific quality
bits or codes.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62361 series, published under the general title Power systems
management and associated information exchange – Interoperability in the long term, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The scope of IEC 62361-2 is to create a common list of SCADA quality codes for reference by
other standards to avoid embedding quality code lists in other standards.

– 8 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE –
INTEROPERABILITY IN THE LONG TERM –

Part 2: End to end quality codes for supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA)
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62361 documents the quality codes used by existing IEC standards related to
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) in the field of power systems management.
Meter reading quality coding is not considered to be in the scope of this version of the
document. It determines and documents mapping between these standards. Eventual loss of
quality information that might occur in mapping is documented. A cohesive and common list of
quality codes with semantics is defined. The identified standards to be dealt with in this
document are: IEC 60870-5, IEC 60870-6 TASE.2, IEC 61850, IEC 61970, DAIS DA, OPC DA
and OPC UA.
Data covered by this part of IEC 62361 is measurements provided by the following links,
applications or interfaces:
• RTU, 61850 or OPC DA links to SCADA
• Validation added by state estimation
• TASE.2 (ICCP) or TASE.1 (ELCOM) links between control centers
• Servers, e.g. SCADA, that provide OPC or DAIS DA-data.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60870-5 (all parts), Telecontrol equipment and systems – Part 5: Transmission protocols
IEC 60870-6 (all parts), Telecontrol equipment and systems – Part 6: Telecontrol protocols
compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations
IEC 61850 (all parts), Communication networks and systems for power utility automation
IEC 61850-3, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 3:
General requirements
IEC 61850-7-2:2010, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 7-2: Basic information and communication structure – Abstract communication service
interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-3:
Basic communication structure – Common data classes
IEC 61970 (all parts), Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API)

62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 9 –
IEC 61970-301, Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –
Part 301: Common information model (CIM) base
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange –
Representation of dates and times
DAIS Data Access formal/05-06-01; www.omg.com
OPC Data Access version 2.03; www.opcfoundation.org.
OPC UA Part 8 -Data Access RC 1.01.10 Specification.doc
3 Terms and definitions
No special terms or definitions are required to understand this document.
4 Overview of applicable IEC standards

IT-System IT-System
Control Center A
Control Center B
EMS DMS
apps. apps.
IEC 61970 IEC 61968
Communication Bus
IEC 61970
IEC 61970 IEC 61970
Inter-CC Datalink IEC 60870-6 Inter-CC Datalink
SCADA
Substation
Substation
RTU Automation
System
IEC 60870-5-103 IEC 61850
Protection, Control, Metering
IEC 61850
Switchgear, Transformers,
Intrumental Transformers
IEC  2213/13
Figure 1 – Overview of IEC power systems information exchange standards
IEC 60870-5-101/104
IEC 60870-6-TASE.2
IEC 61850
IEC 61968
IEC 61968
– 10 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
Figure 1 provides an overview of the IEC power systems information exchange standards.
Refer to IEC/TR 62357-1 (Power systems management and associated information exchange
– Part 1: Reference architecture) for further information.
When data is transmitted using a telecommunications protocol, the quality of the data must be
preserved, and have a common meaning on both side of the transmission.
To facilitate harmonization and simplify maintenance of the standards, all IEC standards in
the field of power systems management and associated information exchange should refer to
this standard regarding quality codes. Specifications for quality codes should not be
developed in the other standards. Upcoming revisions of this document can then work to
harmonize quality codes across several standards.
5 Quality code flow diagram from substation to control center
IEC power systems information exchange standards for substation communication, control
center communication and communication standards intended for exchange of information
between applications at the control center level do have their own quality codes.
The quality codes flow through this chain of hierarchical systems from the IED to the control
center. The quality codes need to be mapped between these standards. As different
standards do not today support the same quality codes and semantics definitions for quality
codes are not identical in the standards, mapping is difficult and loss of quality information
can likely happen.
Figure 2 provides an example of the quality code flow diagram from substation to remote
control center.
62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 11 –
Value
-Validity
-Quality
Value, Quality and
-Time stamp
Source can be:
-Time Quality
-Source
System Protocol/mapping
Control Center B IEC 61970
Control Center B
System Protocol/mapping
Control Center B Inter-CC link IEC 60870-6

Value
-Validity
-Quality
-Time stamp
-Time Quality
-Source
System Protocol/mapping
Control Center A Inter-CC link IEC 60870-6

Value
-Validity
-Quality
Value, Quality and
Control Center A
-Time stamp
Source can be:
-Time Quality
-Source
System Protocol/mapping
Control Center A IEC 61970
IEC 60870-5-101/104
Value
-Validity
-Quality
Value, Quality and
-Time stamp
Source can be:
-Time Quality
-Source
System Protocol/mapping
Substation
Substation 1)
IEC 61850
IEC  2214/13
Figure 2 – Example of quality code flow diagram from substation
to remote control center
NOTE A number of systems with multiple Client-Server relationships can also exist within the substation
The primary purpose of the quality code is to provide information to applications and users of
control systems if a value is good or not.
Most standards also have detailed quality codes that can help applications decide if
questionable values can be used or provide information why a value is Invalid and cannot be
used.
Some applications utilize the time stamp of values. Time quality codes must be provided to
indicate if the time stamp can be used. For special applications also the time accuracy of the
time stamp is relevant.
In addition to quality codes most standards have source quality that gives information about
the origin of the value. Quality codes and value can also be set by local supervision functions
or by operator input in systems in the acquisition chain.

– 12 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
Quality codes are important in the maintenance of control systems and are used to identify
erroneous signals in the control systems. The quality codes should if possible indicate what
type of failure has occurred.
Test activities in substations during commissioning and maintenance will generate values that
are not “real”. The quality code test should indicated that these of values are not for
operational use.
6 List of quality codes by existing standards
6.1 Comparison of quality codes in existing standards
Table 1 provides an overview of quality codes in existing standards.

62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 13 –
Table 1 – Overview of quality codes in existing standards
Quality
IEC and OMG SCADA related protocols:
information
IEC 60870-5- IEC 60870-6
IEC 61850 DAIS DA OPC DA
101/104 TASE.2
Data/Information related quality
Good Validity-good - Validity-valid Good Good
Invalid/Counter Validity-
Invalid Validity-invalid Bad Bad
reading invalid notvalid
Overflow - - - -
OutofRange - - - -
BadReference - - - -
Oscillatory - - - -
Device
Failure - - Device failure
failure
Configuration
Configuration error
error
Not
Not connected
connected
Sensor
Sensor failure
failure
Comm failure Comm failure
Last known
Last known value
value
Out of
Out of service
service
Not
Validity- Validity-
Questionable topical/Counter Uncertain Uncertain
questionable suspect
not adjusted
Engineering
Engineering units
OutofRange - - units
exceeded
exceeded
Sensor not
BadReference - - Sensor not accurate
accurate
Oscillatory - - Quality ocillatory -
Last usable
OldData - - Last usable value
value
Inconsistent - - Sub-normal Sub-normal
Sensor not
Inaccurate - - Sensor not accurate
accurate
- - -
Data source related information
Source-process Source-
Process - Source process -
(4) telemetered
Source- Local
Substituted Substituted Source-entered Primary substituted
substituted override (5)
Source-
Calculated - - -
calculated
Source-
Estimated - - Source-corrected -
estimated
Source inherited
- - - -
substituted
Defaulted - - - Remote defaulted -
Additional data quality information
Test Test Test TEST_MASK -
OPERATOR_BLOCK
OperatorBlocked OperatorBlocked Blocked (1) Validity-held -
ED_MASK
Timestamp related quality
Time stamp
Invalid time ClockFailure Invalid time TS_ACC_BAD_TIME -
quality
Clock not ClockNot
- - - -
synchronized synchronized
TS_ACC_10_MSEC
TimeAccuracy TimeAccuracy - - TS_ACC_100_MSEC -
TS_ACC_SECOND
NOTE 1 Blocking and deblocking may be initiated e.g. by a local lock or a local automatic function.
NOTE 2 A correlation function has detected that the value is not consistent with other data. Typically set by a
network state estimator.
– 14 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
NOTE 3 Value has been replaced by state estimator (This is an additional quality code and not an enumeration of
source).
NOTE 4 Source Process is defined to be from process I/O or calculated by some application function.
NOTE 5 Validity shall be GOOD when code Local Override is set.
6.2 IEC 60870-5-101/ IEC 60870-5-104 quality codes
6.2.1 Data related quality
The following quality bits are used for single point information, double point information, step
position information, bitstring of 32 bit and measured value:
OVERFLOW/NO OVERFLOW (OV)
The value of the information object is beyond a predefined range of value (mainly applicable
to analogue values).
BLOCKED/NOT BLOCKED (BL)
The value of the information object is blocked for transmission; the value remains in the state
that was acquired before it was blocked. Blocking and deblocking may be initiated e.g. by a
local lock or a local automatic cause.
SUBSTITUTED/NOT SUBSTITUTED (SB)
The value of the information object is provided by input of an operator (dispatcher) or by an
automatic source.
NOT TOPICAL/TOPICAL (NT)
A value is topical if the most recent update was successful. It is not topical if it was not
updated successfully during a specified time interval or it is unavailable.
INVALID/VALID (IV)
A value is valid if it was correctly acquired. After the acquisition function recognizes abnormal
conditions of the information source (missing or non operating updating devices) the value is
then marked invalid. The value of the information object is not defined under this condition.
The mark invalid is used to indicate to the destination that the value may be incorrect and
cannot be used.
TEST (T)
Test - classifies the value as being a test value and not to be used for operational purposes.
The following quality bits are used for integrated totals:
CARRY/NO CARRY (CY)
Counter overflow occurred in the corresponding integration period/no counter overflow
occurred in the corresponding integration period
COUNTER WAS ADJUSTED/ COUNTER WAS NOT ADJUSTED (CA)
Counter was adjusted since last reading/Counter was not adjusted since last reading
INVALID/VALID (IV)
Counter reading is invalid/Counter reading is valid
Although these quality bits are defined in the IEC 60870-5-101/ IEC 60870-5-104 standards,
many implementations don’t support all quality bits. Support IV and OV quality bits for
measured values and IV bit for the other data types can be considered to be mandatory.
6.2.2 Timestamp and related quality
The short timestamp format is a three octet short time stamp format, CP24Time2a.

62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 15 –
7 0
B Milliseconds B Three octet binary time
Milliseconds 0.59 999 ms
15 8
B Milliseconds B Minutes 0.59 min
IV = Invalid time, Res = Spare bit
5 0
IV Res B Minutes B
The full timestamp format is a seven octet binary time stamp format, CP56Time2a.

7 0
B Milliseconds B Milliseconds 0.59 999 ms

15 8
B Milliseconds B
IV = Invalid time, Res = Spare bit
5 0
IV Res1 B Minutes B Minutes 0.59 min

4 0
SU Res2 B Hours B Hours 0.23 h
2 0
B B    Days of month 1.31
4 0
Day of week B Day of month B Days of week 1.7 (Not used = 0)

3 0
Res3 B Months B Months 1.12
6 0
Res4 B Years B Years 0.99
SU=1 …Summer time (local time used, not UTC time)
Time stamp source:
RES1=GEN for Genuine time or Substituted time (specified in Edition 2).
Timestamp related quality:
INVALID TIME (IV)
The time stamp is invalid
6.3 IEC 60870-5-103 quality codes
Available quality bits are limited compared to quality bits defined in IEC 60870-5–101/
IEC 60870-5-104. Example - Quality bits for measurands:
OVERFLOW/NO OVERFLOW (OV)
Measured value overflow / no overflow
ERROR (ER) (INVALID)
Measured value invalid / measured value valid
6.4 IEC 60870-6 (TASE.2) quality codes
6.4.1 Data related quality
6.4.1.1 Validity
The Validity attribute shown in Table 2 specifies the validity or quality of its associated
PointValue. This is based on the source system's interpretation as shown in Table 2:

– 16 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
Table 2 – Validity attribute values
Validity Description
VALID Data value is valid
HELD The previous data value has been held over. Interpretation is local
SUSPECT Data value is questionable. Interpretation is local
NOTVALID Data value is not valid

6.4.1.2 CurrentSource
The CurrentSource attribute shown in Table 3 specifies the current source of the PointValue
data it is associated with:
Table 3 – CurrentSource attribute values
CurrentSource Description
TELEMETERED The data value was received from a telemetered site
CALCULATED The data value was calculated based on other data values
ENTERED The data value was entered manually
ESTIMATED The data value is estimated (State Estimator, etc.)

6.4.1.3 NormalSource
The NormalSource attribute shown in Table 4 specifies the normal source of the PointValue
data it is associated with:
Table 4 – NormalSource attribute values
NormalSource Description
TELEMETERED The data value is normally received from a telemetered site
CALCULATED The data value is normally calculated based on other data values
ENTERED The data value is normally entered manually
ESTIMATED The data value is normally estimated (State Estimator, etc.)

6.4.1.4 NormalValue
The NormalValue attribute shown in Table 5 reports whether value of the PointValue attribute
is normal. One bit is set, defined as shown in Table 5:
Table 5 – NormalValue attribute values
NormalValue Description
NORMAL The point value is that which has been configured as normal for the point
ABNORMAL The point value is not that which has been configured as normal for the point
6.4.2 Timestamp and related quality
The following Timestamp attributes provide additional clarification and definition for the
timestamp quality used in the TASE.2 quality codes.
a) TimeStampClass attribute – has the value TIMESTAMP or TIMESTAMPEXTENDED if
the IndicationPoint is time stamped, and has the value NOTIMESTAMP if the
IndicationPoint contains no TimeStamp attribute.

62361-2 © IEC:2013 – 17 –
b) TimeStamp attribute – provides a time stamp (with a minimum resolution of one second)
of when the value (attribute PointRealValue, PointStateValue or PointDiscreteValue) of the
IndicationPoint was last changed. It is set at the earliest possible time after collection of
the IndicationPoint value from the end device.
c) TimeStampExtended attribute – provides a time stamp (with a resolution of one
millisecond) of when the value (attribute PointRealValue, PointStateValue or
PointDiscreteValue) of the IndicationPoint was last changed. It is set at the earliest
possible time after collection of the IndicationPoint value from the end device.
d) TimeStampQuality attribute – has the value VALID if the current value of the TimeStamp
attribute contains the time stamp of when the value was last changed, and has the value
INVALID at all other times.
UTC Time is used in IEC 60870-6.
6.5 IEC 61850 quality codes (from IEC 61850-7-3)
6.5.1 Data related quality
Quality type shall be as defined as shown in Figure 3:

IEC  2215/13
Figure 3 – Quality type definitions
The DEFAULT value shall be applied, if the functionality of the related attribute is not
supported. The mapping may specify to exclude the attribute from the message, if it is not
supported or if the DEFAULT value applies.
Quality shall be an attribute that contains information on the quality of the information from
the server. The different quality identifiers are not independent. Basically, there are the
following quality identifiers:
– validity
– source
– test
– operatorBlocked
NOTE 1 The quality, as used within the scope of 61850, is related to the quality of the information from the
server.
There may be a requirement that the client uses additional quality information within its local database. This is a
local issue and not part of the scope of IEC 61850. However, the quality of a client may have an impact on the
quality supplied by a server of a client – server relationship at a higher level (see Figure 6).

– 18 – 62361-2 © IEC:2013
The following quality type attributes provide additional clarification and definition for the data
related quality.
1) validity
Validity shall be good, questionable or invalid.
a) good: The value shall be marked good if no abnormal condition of the acquisition
function or the information source is detected.
b) invalid: The value shall be marked invalid when an abnormal condition of the
acquisition function or the information source (missing or non-operating updating
devices) is detected. The value shall not be defined under this condition. The mark
invalid shall be used to indicate to the client that the value may be incorrect and shall
not be used.
EXAMPLE If an input unit detects an oscillation of one input it will mark the related information as invalid.
c) questionable: The value shall be marked questionable if a supervision function
detects an abnormal behavior, however the value could still be valid. The client shall
be responsible for determining whether or not values marked "questionable" should be
used.
2) detailQual
The reason for an invalid or questionable value of an attribute may be specified in more
detail with further quality identifiers. If one of these identifiers is set then validity shall be
set to invalid or questionable. Table 6 shows the relation of the detailed quality identifiers
with invalid or questionable quality.
Table 6 – DetailQual relation to invalid or questionable
DetailQual Invalid Questionable
Overflow X
Out of Range X X
Bad Reference X X
Oscillatory X X
Failure X
Old data  X
Inconsistent X
Inaccurate X
a) Overflow: this identifier shall indicate a quality issue that the value of the attribute to
which the quality has been associated is beyond the capability of being represented
properly (used for measurand information only).
EXAMPLE A measured value may exceed the range that may be represented by the selected data type,
for example the data type is a 16-bit unsigned integer and the value exceeds 65 535.
b) outOfRange: this identifier shall indicate a quality issue that the attribute to which the
quality has been associated is beyond a predefined range of values. The server shall
decide if validity shall be set to invalid or questionable (used for measurand
information only).
EXAMPLE: A measured value may exceed a predefined range, however the selected data type can still
represent the value, for example the data type is a 16-bit unsigned integer, the predefined range is 0 to
40 000, if the value is between 40 001 and 65 535 it is considered to be out of range.
c) badReference: this identifier shall indicate that the value may not be a correct value
due to a reference being out of calibration. The server shall decide if validity shall be
set to invalid or questionable (used for measurand information and binary counter
information only).
d) oscillatory: to prevent overloading of event driven communication channels, it is
desirable to detect and suppress oscillating (fast changing) binary inputs. If a signal
changes in a defined time (tosc) twice in the same direction (from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0)
then it shall be defined as an oscillation and the detail quality identifier “oscillat
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