IEC TR 61850-90-5:2012

IEC/TR 61850-90-5 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-5: Use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor information according to
IEEE C37.118
IEC/TR 61850-90-5:2012(E)
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IEC/TR 61850-90-5 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –

Part 90-5: Use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor information according to

IEEE C37.118
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XG
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-83220-092-6

– 2 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Abbreviated terms . 13
5 Use cases . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Wide area applications utilizing synchrophasors . 15
5.3 Synchro-check . 16
5.4 Adaptive relaying . 17
5.5 Out-of-step (OOS) protection . 19
5.6 Situational awareness . 20
5.7 State estimation and on-line security assessment. 23
5.8 Archive data (event & continuous) . 25
5.9 Wide area controls . 27
5.9.1 General . 27
5.9.2 Special protection schemes . 27
5.9.3 Predictive dynamic stability maintaining system . 30
5.9.4 Under voltage load shedding . 31
5.9.5 Phenomenon assumption type WAMPAC . 33
5.9.6 Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) . 36
6 Modelling considerations . 41
6.1 General . 41
6.2 System hierarchy. 42
6.3 PMU model . 43
6.4 Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) . 44
6.4.1 General . 44
6.4.2 Substation PDC model. 44
6.4.3 Regional or system level PDC . 45
6.4.4 Quality . 45
7 Communication requirements . 46
7.1 General . 46
7.2 Direct connection with tunnelling or R-SV service . 46
7.3 The gateway approach . 48
7.4 Requirement summary . 49
7.5 TCP use . 51
8 Security model . 51
8.1 General . 51
8.2 Key management and cryptographic support . 54
8.3 Key Distribution Center (KDC) . 56
9 Services . 56
9.1 General . 56
9.2 Command service . 57

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
9.2.1 General . 57
9.2.2 Control blocks . 57
9.3 Configuration request service . 61
9.3.1 General . 61
9.3.2 CFG-1 Type of configuration data – Capabilities . 61
9.3.3 CFG-2 or CFG-3 Type of configuration data – Measurements . 61
9.3.4 Online access to CFG-1 configuration information . 61
9.3.5 Offline access to CFG-2 and CFG-3 configuration information . 61
9.4 Header information service . 61
9.5 Data transmission service . 62
9.5.1 General . 62
9.5.2 General . 62
9.5.3 Coding synchrophasors data . 62
9.6 Specific data mapping . 62
9.7 Common data fields. 62
9.8 Time synchronization . 63
9.9 Redundancy . 63
10 IEC logical node modelling for synchrophasor measurements . 64
11 Synchrophasor profile mappings . 66
11.1 General overview . 66
11.2 A-Profiles . 66
11.3 A-Profile GOOSE, SV, and management A-Profile . 67
11.3.1 Application layer . 67
11.3.2 Session layer . 71
11.3.3 Payload . 76
11.3.4 Signature . 83
11.3.5 ITU X.234 A-Profile options . 84
11.4 KDC Profile . 85
11.4.1 Signature Hash algorithm . 85
11.4.2 Identification payload . 86
11.4.3 Payload identification . 88
11.4.4 Policy response . 91
11.4.5 Key download payload . 92
11.5 Internet group management protocol version 3 A-Profile . 94
11.6 T-Profiles . 94
11.6.1 General . 94
11.6.2 T-Profile to support GOOSE and SV A-Profile over Ethernet . 95
11.6.3 T-Profile to support KDC (TCP and UDP) . 97
11.6.4 T-Profile to support IGMPv3 . 97
11.6.5 Common T-Profile standards . 97
12 Effects on IEC 61850-5 . 99
13 Effects on the IEC 61850-6 (SCL) . 100
13.1 General . 100
13.2 SCL extensions to support IEC/TR 61850-90-5 defined profiles . 100
13.2.1 General engineering process . 101
13.2.2 Control block extensions. 101
13.2.3 KDC access point . 104
13.2.4 Addressing extensions . 105

– 4 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
13.3 SCL extensions to support the configuration of IEEE C37.118.2 . 107
13.3.1 The underlying protocol . 108
13.3.2 The data values . 108
13.3.3 SCL example . 110
14 Effect on IEC 61850-7-2 . 110
15 Effect on IEC 61850-7-4 . 110
15.1 General . 110
15.2 Namespace definition . 110
15.3 Extension of ClcMth . 111
15.4 Addition of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) DataObject . 111
15.5 Modifications to the LTIM logical node class . 111
15.6 Modifications to the LTMS logical node class . 112
Annex A (informative) Full SCL example for C37.118.2 configuration . 114
Annex B (informative) SCL examples for direct PMU and PDC-oriented
communication . 122
Annex C (informative) Migration from IEEE C37.118 to IEC 61850 . 135
Annex D (informative) Open system interconnect (OSI) model . 138
Annex E (informative) IPv6 . 142
Annex F (informative) Edge authentication . 144
Annex G (informative) Example of A-Profile encodings . 145
Annex H (informative) Improving reliability of R-SV transmissions. 146
Annex I (informative) Guidance on HMAC and truncation . 147
Bibliography . 148

Figure 1 – Use case diagram for Synchro-check . 16
Figure 2 – Use case diagram for adaptive relaying . 18
Figure 3 – Use case diagram for out-of-step (OOS) protection . 19
Figure 4 – Use case diagram for situational awareness. 21
Figure 5 – Use case diagram for state estimation. 23
Figure 6 – Use case diagram for archiving data . 25
Figure 7 – Use case diagram for wide area controls . 28
Figure 8 – Use case diagram for predictive dynamic stability . 30
Figure 9 – Use case diagram for under voltage load shedding . 32
Figure 10 – Use case diagram for WAMPAC . 34
Figure 11 – Use case diagram for phasor data concentrator . 37
Figure 12 – Basic IEC 61850 model of WAMPAC functions . 42
Figure 13 – System hierarchy . 43
Figure 14 – PMU object model . 44
Figure 15 – Substation PDC model with legacy PMUs . 44
Figure 16 – Regional PDC object model . 45
Figure 17 – Synchrophasor communication modelling for direct connection . 47
Figure 18 – PDC as phasor concentrator and (proxy) gateway . 48
Figure 19 – Application locality and time scale . 51
Figure 20 – End-to-end cryptographic integrity for IEC 61850-9-2 implementations . 53
Figure 21 – State transitions for key usage . 55

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
Figure 22 – General service mappings . 66
Figure 23 – IEC/TR 61850-90-5 A-Profiles . 67
Figure 24 – General byte ordering of session protocol . 71
Figure 25 – Structure of IEC/TR 61850-90-5 session protocol . 72
Figure 26 – Encoding of TimetoNextKey . 75
Figure 27 – IEEE 802.3 frame format for SV and GOOSE . 82
Figure 28 – Virtual LAN Tag . 83
Figure 29 – General format for IEC/TR 61850-90-5 payload extensions . 87
Figure 30 – Policy response frame . 91
Figure 31 – Key download response payload definition . 93
Figure 32 – A-Profile association to various T-Profiles . 95
Figure 33 – From RFC 768 . 96
Figure 34 – Format of IP header . 98
Figure 35 – ToS byte field definition RFC-2474 and RFC-3168 . 98
Figure 36 – Security field definition from RFC 1108 . 99
Figure 37 – Extension to tSampledValueControl . 102
Figure 38 – Extension to agSmvOpts . 102
Figure 39 – Extension of tGSEControl . 103
Figure 40 – Definition of tPredefinedTypeOfSecurityEnum . 103
Figure 41 – AccessPoint SCL production indicating a KDC function . 104
Figure 42 – IED SCL XSD indicating the KDC(s) to be used. 105
Figure 43 – SCL tKDC type . 105
Figure 44 – Extension to tPredefinedPTypeEnum . 106
Figure 45 – tP_IPbase extension for IPv6 addresses . 106
Figure 46 – Definition of tP_DNSName . 107
Figure 47 – Definition tp_ C37-118-IP-Port . 107
Figure A.1 – Single line for SCL example . 114
Figure D.1 – Tasks of the OSI model layers . 138
Figure D.2 – Comparison between OSI model and Internet models . 138
Figure D.3 – Visualizing adding layer headers . 139
Figure D.4 – Peer-to-peer data exchange in the OSI model . 139
Figure D.5 – Relationship of OSI services to protocol data units (PDUs) . 140
Figure D.6 – OSI model addressing . 141
Figure G.1 – Example encoding of GOOSE A-Profile . 145

Table 1 – Equivalent commands . 57
Table 2 – R-MSVCB class definition . 58
Table 3 – R-GoCB definition . 59
Table 4 – Current PHYCOMADDR structure . 60
Table 5 – UDPCOMADDR structure . 60
Table 6 – Extension to ClcMth to allow P-Class and M-Class . 65
Table 7 – Example encodings of SPDU length . 74
Table 8 – IEC 61850 Ethertype values . 82

– 6 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
Table 9 – Allowed values for MAC signature value calculations . 84
Table 10 – RFC-3547 assigned Hash identifiers . 86
Table 11 – RFC-3547 assigned payload identifiers . 86
Table 12 – IEC/TR 61850-90-5 assigned payload identifiers . 87
Table 13 – RFC-3547 key download type identifiers . 92
Table 14 – IEC/TR 61850-90-5 key download type identifiers . 92
Table 15 – UDP field implementation requirements . 96
Table 16 – Network protocol conformance implementation statement (PICS) for IPv4
based T-Profiles . 97
Table 17 – Addition of TmLeaps in LTIM . 112
Table 18 – Addition of TmLok in LTMS . 113
Table C.1 – Migration steps from C37.118 to IEC 61850 . 137

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS FOR
POWER UTILITY AUTOMATION –
Part 90-5: Use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor
information according to IEEE C37.118

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61850-90-5, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee
57: Power systems management and associated information exchange.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
57/1144/DTR 57/1207/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.

– 8 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
This technical report has been prepared in a joint effort between IEC and IEEE. A task force
consisting of members from the IEC TC 57 WG 10 as well as the IEEE Power and Energy
Society/IEEE Power System Relay Committee has prepared that report with task force
meetings both at the regular meetings of IEC TC 57 WG 10 as well as at the regular meetings
of the IEEE Power and Energy Society/IEEE Power System Relay Committee. Once the
technical report is approved and published, the results will be integrated as amendments into
the relevant parts of IEC 61850.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61850 series, under the general title: Communication networks
and systems for power utility automation, can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
Synchrophasor data as measured and calculated by PMUs are considered to be useful
information to assess the condition of the electrical power network.
The synchrophasors and related message formats to transmit synchrophasor data over long
distances are defined in IEEE C37.118.
Even though the communication according to IEEE C37.118 has proven to be usable and
work well, there is a desire to have a communication mechanism that is compliant to the
concept of IEC 61850. This document lays out how this shall be done.

– 10 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS FOR
POWER UTILITY AUTOMATION –
Part 90-5: Use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor
information according to IEEE C37.118

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61850 provides a way of exchanging synchrophasor data between PMUs,
PDCs WAMPAC (Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control), and between control center
applications. The data, to the extent covered in IEEE C37.118-2005, are transported in a way
that is compliant to the concepts of IEC 61850.
However, given the primary scope and use cases, this document also provides routable
profiles for IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 SV packets. These routable packets
can be utilized to transport general IEC 61850 data as well as synchrophasor data.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61850-2:2003, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 2: Glossary
IEC 61850-6:2009, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 6:
Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations related to IEDs
IEC 61850-7-1, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-1:
Basic communication structure – Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 7-2: Basic
information and communication structure – Abstract communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-3:
Basic communication structure – Common data classes
IEC 61850-7-4:2010, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 7-4: Basic communication structure – Compatible logical node classes and data object
classes
IEC 61850-8-1:2011, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 8-1: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1
and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-2:2010, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 9-2: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC/TR 61850-90-1, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-1: Use of IEC 61850 for the communication between substations

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 11 –
IEC/TS 62351-1, Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data
and communications security – Part 1: Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
IEC/TS 62351-6:2007, Power systems management and associated information exchange –
Data and communications security – Part 6: Security for IEC 61850
ISO/IEC 8802-3:2000, Information technology – Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific requirements –
Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and
physical layer specifications
ISO/IEC 19772, Information technology – Security techniques – Authenticated encryption
Also available as: NIST SP 800-38D
ITU-T X.234, Information technology – Protocol for Providing the OSI connectionless-mode
transport service
Amendment 1: Addition of connectionless-mode multicast capability
IEEE 802.1Q, Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks
IEEE C37.118.1, Standard for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems
IEEE C37.118.2:2011, Standard for Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems
NIST Special Publication 800-38D, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
RFC 768, User Datagram Protocol
RFC 791, Internet Protocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification
RFC 793, Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 826, An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol
RFC 894, A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks
RFC 1108, U,S, Department of Defense Security Options for the Internet Protocol
RFC 1240, OSI Connectionless Transport Services on top of UDP Version:1
RFC 2104, HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
RFC 2406, IP Encapuslating Security Payload (ESP)
RFC 2407, Internet Key Exchange (IKEv1) Protocol
RFC 2474, Definition of Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in IPv4 and IPv6 Headers
RFC 2991, Multipath Issues in Unicast and Multicast Next-Hop Selection
RFC 3168, The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP
RFC 3246, An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior)

– 12 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
RFC 3376, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3
RFC 3547, The Group Domain of Interpretation
RFC 5771, IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments
UCA User’s Group 61850-9-2LE- Implementation Guideline for Digital Interface to Instrument
Transformers using IEC 61850-9-2
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61850-2,
IEC 61850-7-2 and IEEE C37.118.1 as well as the following apply.
3.1
IED tool
short for IED configuration tool or IED configurator in the sense of IEC 61850-6
3.2
nonce
number used once
Note 1 to entry: A nonce is some value that varies with time, although a very large random number is sometimes
used.
3.3
part(ial) system
part of a complete system, with a defined, self-consistent part functionality
3.4
project
system part with ownership of a set of IEDs, typically those located in one substation, and
handled by one system configuration tool
3.5
gateway
internetworking system capable of allowing communications/information exchange between
two networks that use different communication protocols
3.6
system
union of all communicating application-functions performing some overall task like
“management of a substation”, via logical nodes
Note 1 to entry: The physical system is composed of all devices hosting these functions and the interconnecting
physical communication network.

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 13 –
4 Abbreviated terms
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
A-Profile Application Profile
CDC Common Data Class
CID Configured IED Description
CT Current Transformer
DA Data archiver
DNS Domain Name Service
DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point
ECN Explicit Congestion Notification
EF Expedited Forwarding
ESP Electronic Security Perimeter
ET Event Trigger
FACTS Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems
FC Functional constraint
FCD Functionally Constrained Data
FCDA Functionally Constrained Data Attribute
FSS Functional Software Specification
GCM Galois Counter Mode
GDOI Group Domain of Interpretation
GMAC Galois Message Authentication Code
GoCB GOOSE Control Block
GOOSE Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
GW Gateway
HMI Human Machine Interface
HW Hardware
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
ID Identification
IED Intelligent Electronic Device – any programmable or configurable device in the system
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
IID IED Instance Description. Describes an IED instance in a project.
IP Internet Protocol
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
KDC Key Distribution Center
LAN Local area network
LD Logical Device (IEC 61850)
LI Length Identifier. This value contains the length of the SI or PI with which it is associated.
LN Logical Node (IEC 61850)
m Mandatory – shall be implemented
MAC Media Access Control
MSV Multicast Sampled Value
MSVCB Multicast Sampled Values Control Block
o Optional – may be implemented

– 14 – TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E)
OOS Out-of-step
ORG Originator
OSI Open System Interconnect
PDC Phasor Data Concentrator
PI Parameter Identifier. This identifier is used to identify a specific session protocol parameter.
PICS Protocol Conformance Implementation Statement
PMU Phasor Measurement Unit
POP Proof of Possession
PSP Physical Security Perimeter
r Readable
RAS Remedial Action Scheme
SA Substation Automation
SCD System Configuration Description in the sense of 61850-6. Output of a system tool of a project
to configure the IEDs belonging to the project (imported by IED tools).
SCL Substation Configuration description Language according to IEC 61850
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SED System Exchange Description: an SCL file containing a part of a system for exchange of
interfacing and responsibility data between projects
SEQ Sequence
SI Session Identifier. This identifier is used to identify the session protocol that is in use.
SIPS System Integrity Protection Scheme
SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork
SP Synchrophasor
ssPDC Substation Phasor Data Concentrator
SPDU Session Protocol Data Unit
SPS Special Protection Scheme
SS Substation System
SSDU Session Service Data Unit
SV Sampled Values
SVCB Sampled Value control block; here used to send synchrophasor data periodically
R-SV Routable Sampled Value service via UDP
R-GOOSE Routable GOOSE via UDP
SW Software
TAI International Atomic Time (TAI, from the French name Temps Atomique International).
TCI Tag Control Information
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TOS Type of Service
TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit
TPID Tag Protocol Identifier (for IEEE 802.1Q networks)
T-Profile Transport Profile
TSAP Transport Service Access Point
TSDU Transport Service Data Unit
TSEL Transport Selector
UDP User Datagram Protocol
VT Voltage Transformer. Also known as a Potential Transformer (PT).
w Writeable
WAMPAC Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control

TR 61850-90-5 © IEC:2012(E) – 15 –
WAN Wide area network
XML eXtensible Markup Language
XSD eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Schema Definition
R-MSVCB Routable Multicast Sampled Value Control Block
R- GoCB Routable GOOSE Control Block
NOTE Abbreviations used for the identification of the common data classes and as names of the attributes are
specified in the specific clauses of this document and are not repeated here.
5 Use cases
5.1 General
Synchrophasor communication can be used within a substation such as for synchrocheck or
substation level state estimation, or from several substations to a center which performs
regional or network level alarms and stability calculations. Both areas of use are described
and delineated in the following subclauses.
In the following use cases, the arrows indicate data flow from one device to another. The
solid-like arrows are the basic data flow for all illustrated applications, and the dashed arrows
are optional data flow from additional locations. The dashed boxes around groups of objects
are co-located equipment as labelled.
5.2 Wide area applications utilizing synchrophasors
In the majority of the applications, the sources and sinks for the synchrophasor data are
separated by large distances. In this context, "large" means distances which extend
essentially further than a typical local area network (LAN).
One of the options to transmit data over arbitrary large distances is using the Internet Protocol
(IP). The IP allows the routing of data packets (IP packets) between different networks over
any distance. This document focuses on options that utilize IP.
The use of UDP for the streaming of the synchrophasor data is a proven and functional
method. The many working applications of the IEEE C37.118 protocol confirm this. Thus, a
method utilizing UDP for streaming the SV data is again required. TCP can also be and has
been used but with the reservations outlined in 6.4.
In all use cases, the latency requirement refers to end-to-end communications delay. This is
the interval of time from when the message is sent from the measurement device to when it is
received by the application. It includes all communication delays including LAN, WAN, and
router delays as well as delays in intermediate processing
...