IEC 63145-22-10:2020

IEC 63145-22-10 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Eyewear display –
Part 22-10: Specific measurement methods for AR type – Optical properties
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IEC 63145-22-10 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Eyewear display –
Part 22-10: Specific measurement methods for AR type – Optical properties

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.180.99; 31.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-7737-9

– 2 – IEC 63145-22-10:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and letter symbols . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
3.3 Letter symbols (symbols for quantities, and units) . 7
4 Standard measurement conditions . 7
4.1 Standard environmental conditions . 7
4.2 Power supply . 8
4.3 Warm-up time . 8
4.4 Dark room condition . 8
5 Measurement systems . 8
5.1 Standard coordinate system . 8
5.2 Measurement equipment . 9
5.2.1 Light measuring device (LMD) . 9
5.2.2 Stage condition . 11
5.2.3 Setup conditions . 11
5.3 Test patterns. 13
5.3.1 General . 13
5.3.2 Checkerboard pattern . 13
5.4 Measuring points . 13
6 Measurement methods . 14
6.1 Spectral directional transmittance . 14
6.1.1 General . 14
6.1.2 Conditions . 14
6.1.3 Procedure . 15
6.1.4 Calculation . 15
6.1.5 Report . 16
6.2 Colour difference . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Conditions . 16
6.2.3 Procedure . 17
6.2.4 Calculation . 17
6.2.5 Report . 17
6.3 Front side stray light . 18
6.3.1 General . 18
6.3.2 Conditions . 18
6.3.3 Procedure . 19
6.3.4 Calculation . 20
6.3.5 Report . 20
6.4 Contrast modulation . 20
6.4.1 General . 20
6.4.2 Conditions . 20
6.4.3 Procedure . 22
6.4.4 Calculation . 22

6.4.5 Report . 22
Annex A (informative) See-through optical properties of AR eyewear displays . 23
Annex B (informative) Response time of electronic dimming devices . 24
Annex C (informative) Back side stray light . 25
Bibliography . 26

Figure 1 – Spherical coordinate system . 9
Figure 2 – Three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system . 9
Figure 3 – Example of LMD structure . 10
Figure 4 – Example of measuring setup for eyewear displays . 12
Figure 5 – Example of 5 x 5 checkerboard pattern . 13
Figure 6 – Measuring points for the centre- and multi-point measurements . 14
Figure 7 – Setup of transmittance measurement . 15
Figure 8 – Setup of haze measurement . 19
Figure 9 – Example of contrast modulation test pattern . 21
Figure 10 – Setup of contrast modulation measurement . 22
Figure A.1 – Observed light under ambient lighting conditions . 23
Figure B.1 – Response time of electronic dimming device (fall time) . 24
Figure B.2 – Response time of electronic dimming device (rise time) . 24

Table 1 – Letter symbols (quantity symbols and units) . 7
Table 2 – Measuring conditions . 20

– 4 – IEC 63145-22-10:2020 © IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
EYEWEAR DISPLAY –
Part 22-10: Specific measurement methods for AR type –
Optical properties
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 63145-22-10 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 110:
Electronic displays.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
110/1160/FDIS 110/1173/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63145 series, published under the general title Eyewear display,
can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 63145-22-10:2020 © IEC 2020
EYEWEAR DISPLAY –
Part 22-10: Specific measurement methods for AR type –
Optical properties
1 Scope
This part of IEC 63145 specifies the standard measurement conditions and measuring
methods for determining the see-through optical properties and imaging quality of augmented
reality (AR) eyewear displays. This includes the transmission characteristics and ambient
optical performance of the eyewear displays.
Contact lens type displays are out of the scope of this document.
NOTE The relationship between the scope and other documents (IEC 63145-20-10, IEC 63145-22-10) is shown in
Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO/CIE 11664-5, Colorimetry – Part 5: CIE 1976 L*u*v* colour space and u', v' uniform
chromaticity scale diagram
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and letter symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE 1 Terms related to eyewear displays will be defined in specific projects.
NOTE 2 Some terms relating to eyewear displays are given in IEC TR 63145-1-1 [1]
3.1.1
front side stray light
for light going to the eyes through the eyewear, light other than light effective for forming an
image or a scenery
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

3.2 Abbreviated terms
AR augmented reality
CCD charge-coupled device
CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamp
CPD cycles per degree
DUT device under test
FOV field of view
LMD light measuring device
NOTE The abbreviated terms refer to IEC TR 63145-1-1 [1], IEC 63145-20-10 [2], and IEC 63145-20-20 [3].
3.3 Letter symbols (symbols for quantities, and units)
The letter symbols are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Letter symbols (quantity symbols and units)
Quantities Symbols and units
Measuring point (i = 0: centre) P
i
Luminance L (cd/m )
v
Maximum luminance L (cd/m )
vM
Minimum luminance L (cd/m )
vm
Luminance of the illuminating source
L (cd/m )
v,ill
without DUT
Luminance of the reference white
L (cd/m )
v,std
standard
CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates at P (x ,y )
i i i
CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of the
(x ,y )
ill ill
illuminating source without DUT
Transmittance T (%)
0/0
Chromaticity difference
∆u’v’
0/0
Front side stray light H (%)
de/0
Contrast modulation C
CM
4 Standard measurement conditions
4.1 Standard environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified, all tests and measurements for eyewear displays shall be carried
out after sufficient warm-up time for the illumination sources and the DUT (see 4.3), under the
following standard environmental conditions:
– temperature 22 °C to 28 °C,
– relative humidity 25 % to 85 %, and
– atmospheric pressure 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
When different environmental conditions are used, they shall be reported in detail in the
specification.
– 8 – IEC 63145-22-10:2020 © IEC 2020
4.2 Power supply
In order to stabilize the performances of the DUT, the power supply for driving the DUT shall
be adjusted according to the specification of the DUT.
NOTE When the DUT is driven by a battery, it is less susceptible to power supply fluctuations.
4.3 Warm-up time
The optical performances of the DUT are affected by the transient temperature behaviour of
the device. It takes a certain time for the luminance output of the DUT to reach the steady
state. If the luminance output is not within a ±3 % variation, it shall be reported. All measuring
conditions shall be kept constant during the measurements.
NOTE If the measuring result does not become a steady state, it might be influenced by the output fluctuation of
the DUT and/or the fluctuation of the LMD such as noise.
4.4 Dark room condition
The luminance contribution from the background of the test room reflected off the
measurement space shall be less than 1/20 of the minimum luminance output from the DUT. If
this condition is not satisfied, then background luminance can be subtracted and it shall be
reported.
5 Measurement systems
5.1 Standard coordinate system
To indicate the size and position of a virtual image, a spherical coordinate system of elevation
(latitude) and azimuth (longitude) shall be used in the measurements; the polar axis is
vertically oriented as shown in Figure 1. The angles measured in the vertical half planes of
the data are elevation angles, denoted as α, and the horizontal angles to the half plane are
azimuth angles, denoted as Ψ. The origin direction (α = 0, Ψ = 0) of the spherical coordinate
system shall be coincident with the optical axis of the DUT.
To indicate the positional relationship among the eye-box, the reference point on the DUT,
eye point and eye relief of the DUT, the entrance pupil of the LMD and so on, a three-
dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z) shall be used, as shown in Figure 2. Unless
specified otherwise, the eye point of the DUT is placed in the centre of the entrance pupil of
the eye, which is in the centre of the iris. The eye point defines the origin of the coordinate
system. The manufacturer or supplier of the DUT shall specify the distance between a
reference point on the DUT and the eye point. The eye relief is defined as the distance from
the cornea of the eye to the closest optical element of the DUT.
The origins of both the spherical coordinate system and the Cartesian coordinate system shall
be located at the eye point.
NOTE In the case of a binocular eyewear display, the left eye can be used as the origin of the Cartesian
coordinate system.
Figure 1 – Spherical coordinate system

NOTE This figure is an example of the eye pupil adjusting to the eye point which is the origin position.
Figure 2 – Three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system
5.2 Measurement equipment
5.2.1 Light measuring device (LMD)
5.2.1.1 General
The configurations and operating conditions of the equipment should comply with the
structures specified in each item. To ensure accurate measurements, the following
requirements shall be applied. Otherwise, the differences shall be noted in the report.
ISO/CIE 19476 [9] describes the LMD evaluation procedures.
The optics of the LMD (a spot LMD or a 2D imaging LMD) shall be equivalent to the human
eye, as shown in Figure 3. The LMD shall be equipped with a finder. The position of the
entrance pupil (aperture) of the LMD shall be provided by the manufacturer or the supplier.
The entrance pupil size of the LMD should be set between 2 mm and 5 mm, and shall be
smaller than the light field projected by the DUT. The LMD to measure the optical
characteristics such as luminance and colour shall be calibrated with the appropriate
photometric or spectrometric standards. The LMD should be carefully checked before
measurements, considering the following points:
– sensitivity of the measured quantity to the measuring light;
– errors caused by the veiling glare and lens flare (i.e., stray light in the optical system);
– timing of data-acquisition, low-pass filtering and aliasing-effects;
– linearity of detection and data-conversion;
– measurement field size.
– 10 – IEC 63145-22-10:2020 © IEC 2020
NOTE See IEC TR 63145-1-1:2018 [1], 6.2.

Figure 3 – Example of LMD structure
5.2.1.2 Spectrometer-type LMD
When a spectrometer-type LMD such as a spectroradiometer is used, the wavelength range
shall be at least 380 nm to 780 nm, the spectral bandwidth shall be 5 nm or smaller, and the
wavelength accuracy shall be 0,3 nm or smaller.
5.2.1.3 Filter-type LMD for measuring luminance
When a filter-type LMD such as a luminance meter is used, to ensure the luminance accuracy
for the intended DUT light sources, its spectral responsivity should comply with the spectral
luminous efficiency for CIE photopic vision or it should be compared with a calibrated
spectrometer. The spectral mismatch correction factor can be applied, if necessary.
NOTE CIE-f ’ indicates the spectral mismatch function between the spectral responsivity of the filter-type LMD
and the CIE photopic luminous efficiency function. Details of the spectral mismatch correction factor are given in
ISO/CIE19476 [9].
5.2.1.4 Filter-type LMD for measuring colour
When a filter-type LMD such as a colorimeter is used, to ensure the colour accuracy for the
intended DUT light sources, its spectral responsivity should comply with the CIE colour-
matching functions for the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (see ISO 11664-1 [7]) or it
should be compared with a calibrated spectrometer. The colour correction factors can be
applied, if necessary. The filter-type LMD shall not be used for absolute colour quantities but
for relative colour quantities such as colour uniformity.
5.2.1.5 2D imaging LMD
The 2D imaging LMD (using a two-dimensional sensor such as a CCD) is a kind of a filter type
LMD. The performances of the 2D imaging LMD shall comply with 5.2.1.3 and 5.2.1.4. The
valid measurement field angle of the 2D imaging LMD shall be confirmed and the peripheral
image of the 2D imaging LMD shall confirm the absence of vignetting. The number of pixels of
the 2D imaging LMD should not be less than four times the sub-pixels number within the
measurement field.
NOTE 1 The field of view of some 2D imaging LMDs is affected by the smaller entrance aperture.
NOTE 2 The 2D imaging LMD using a colour filter array might cause moiré.
NOTE 3 The 2D imaging LMD might not accurately represent the influence of eye rotation at larger viewing angles.

5.2.2 Stage condition
5.2.2.1 General
The stage shall be used to realize the coordinate system specified in 5.1. The stage should be
constructed with the equivalent of a biaxial goniometer and an orthogonal three-axis
translation stage. This may include complex positioning systems, such as a multi-axis robotic
arm.
5.2.2.2 Goniometer
A biaxial goniometer shall be assembled to be capable of measuring the azimuth (horizontal)
and elevation (vertical) angles in the spherical coordinate system as shown in Figure 1.
Examples of a five-axis stage are shown in Figure 4. The angular accuracy should be no less
than 0,1°. The goniometer can be pivoted at the centre of the entrance pupil of the LMD or
10 mm behind th
...