IEC 63281-3-1:2024

IEC 63281-3-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
E- Transporters –
Part 3-1: Performance test method for the total run time of an e-scooter with
consideration of temperature conditions of actual use

E- Transporteurs –
Partie 3-1: Méthode d’essai de performance du temps de fonctionnement total
d’une trottinette électrique en prenant en considération les conditions de
température correspondant à une utilisation réelle
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IEC 63281-3-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
E- Transporters –
Part 3-1: Performance test method for the total run time of an e-scooter with

consideration of temperature conditions of actual use

E- Transporteurs –
Partie 3-1: Méthode d’essai de performance du temps de fonctionnement total

d’une trottinette électrique en prenant en considération les conditions de

température correspondant à une utilisation réelle

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 43.120  ISBN 978-2-8322-8698-2

– 2 – IEC 63281-3-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Standard atmospheric conditions . 6
5 Specimen preparation . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Test specimen . 7
5.3 Charging of the battery . 7
5.4 Applied load . 7
5.5 Adjustment of maximum speed . 7
5.6 Autonomy at fixed speed . 7
5.7 End-of-discharge voltage . 7
6 Test method . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Test equipment . 8
6.2.1 Total run time measurement equipment . 8
6.2.2 Temperature test chamber . 9
6.3 Test procedure . 10
7 Test result . 12
Bibliography . 13

Figure 1 – Example of total run time test equipment . 8
Figure 2 – Detail roller specification . 9
Figure 3 – Flow chart of the test method . 11

Table 1 – Example of temperature test conditions . 10

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
E-TRANSPORTERS –
Part 3-1: Performance test method for the total run time of an e-scooter
with consideration of temperature conditions of actual use

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
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consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
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the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63281-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 125: e-Transporters. It is an
International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
125/92/FDIS 125/99/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

– 4 – IEC 63281-3-1:2024 © IEC 2024
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63281 series, published under the general title e-Transporters, can
be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
E-TRANSPORTERS –
Part 3-1: Performance test method for the total run time of an e-scooter
with consideration of temperature conditions of actual use

1 Scope
This document specifies the test method for the total run time of an e-scooter for single-person
transportation with consideration of the temperature conditions of actual use when the e-scooter
is operated by the user in various temperatures for use on the road or in public spaces.
This document does not cover e-scooters for persons with disabilities or elderly persons. Also,
this document excludes cargo e-scooters.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances – Measurement of standby power
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
e-scooter
electrically powered device for single-person transportation, consisting of a footboard mounted
on two aligned wheels, a steering handlebar, and no seat
3.2
battery
one or more cells fitted with devices necessary for use, for example case, terminals, marking
and protective devices
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-04]

– 6 – IEC 63281-3-1:2024 © IEC 2024
3.3
end-of-discharge voltage
specified voltage of a battery at which the battery discharge is terminated
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-30, modified – Synonyms "final voltage", "cut-off
voltage" and "end-point voltage" have been omitted.]
3.4
end-of-charge voltage
voltage attained at the end of a charging step, at a specified constant current
Note 1 to entry: The end-of-charge voltage may be used to initiate the termination of the charge process.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-05-55]
3.5
speed control device
device that sets the speed and/or the motion according to the user's intention
3.6
data monitoring system
test device used for measuring total run time of an e-scooter by recording the amount of power
measured using a power analyser to run time
3.7
single charge run time
continuous run time of an electrically powered device starting from a fully charged battery until
the battery reaches discharged status resulting in non-operation of the device
3.8
load box
box designed to apply load to the centre of the footboard of the e-scooter
3.9
roller test rig
test rig installed with rollers to conduct driving test of e-scooter which is fixed to the rig
3.10
steering column
bar with a handle mounted on top of the front wheel at a determined caster angle to steer the
front wheel of the e-scooter
4 Standard atmospheric conditions
The test shall be conducted in the standard atmospheric conditions of IEC 60068-1:2013, 4.3
unless otherwise agreed by the manufacturer and test provider. If there is a change in
atmospheric conditions, the relevant information shall be recorded in the test report.
5 Specimen preparation
5.1 General
The test specimen shall be prepared with the following considerations to measure the total
single charge run time of the e-scooter.

5.2 Test specimen
The test specimen shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's user manual as a
completely assembled product or in its original form as provided by the manufacturer. If changes
are made to the specimen, consultation with the manufacturer is required before conducting the
test. To obtain reliable test data, it is recommended to test with at least three test specimens.
Additional tests may be conducted for higher accuracy as required. However, if the test
specimen is not sufficient, proceed with the test and indicate the number of test specimens
used.
5.3 Charging of the battery
The battery shall be charged to the end-of-charge voltage in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
5.4 Applied load
The mass used for the test should be the rated load announced by the manufacturer (75 ± 2) kg,
which is the assumed weight of the driver riding the e-scooter. However, the mass may be
adjusted for the test by consultation and agreement with the manufacturer. If there is a change
in load mass, the relevant information shall be recorded in the test report.
5.5 Adjustment of maximum speed
The test specimen is evaluated based on the maximum rated speed provided by the
manufacturer, as the run time of the e-scooter can be the shortest when operated at maximum
speed. The speed control device shall be adjusted to keep the speed controller at its maximum
position. If necessary, the maximum speed for the test may be determined through consultation
with the manufacturer. The speed for the test shall be specified on the test protocol and
recorded speed over the run time. Set to maximum speed, and allow the speed to reduce due
to low battery.
5.6 Autonomy at fixed speed
The test specimen is evaluated based on the fixed speed at (15 ± 1,5) km/h. The speed control
device shall be used to maintain this speed until the e-scooter battery has discharged or until
the above speed drops to below 90 % of the initial value. The speed for the test shall be
recorded over the run time.
5.7 End-of-discharge voltage
The e-scooter shall be discharged to that specified voltage of a battery at which the battery
discharge is terminated.
6 Test method
6.1 General
This test method aims to determine the amount of time the e-scooter can be used by the driver.
E-scooters are used under various temperature conditions, which are factors that affect the
total run time. The test method for measuring the total run time of the e-scooter shall meet the
specified temperature conditions as set out in 6.2 due to the fact that the total run time may
vary depending on such conditions.

– 8 – IEC 63281-3-1:2024 © IEC 2024
6.2 Test equipment
6.2.1 Total run time measurement equipment
The following characteristics of the test bench can be used as an informative example. The
specifications of the equipment for measuring driving power consumption of the e-scooter up to
50 V are as follows:
• As shown in Figure 1, the measurement equipment can be composed of a roller test rig
equipped with fixation clamps, load box, speed control device, power analyser and data
monitoring system.
• The roller test rig can be installed with rollers for the fixed driving test of an e-scooter with
an approximate wheelbase (distance between the front and rear axles) of 1 200 mm and a
height of 1 200 mm.
• The roller test rig can be made of non-flammable, corrosion-resistant metal material and
height adjustable so that the steering column of the e-scooter is fixed horizontally to the rig.
• The roller may be of a metal material (e.g., SUS304) of not less than 113 mm in diameter,
(7,2 ± 0,2) kg in weight, and approximately 300 mm in length, and two rollers can be used
to prevent dislocation of the e-scooter. The distance between the central axes of the two
rollers is 180 mm and may be changed according to the wheel size of the e-scooter to be
tested. See Figure 2 for details of roller specification. The roller test rig can be equipped
with fixation clamps that do not affect the load and that fix the e-scooter onto the rig.
• The roller test rig can be equipped with a load box and fixation clamps capable of loading
and fixing a vertical load of (75 ± 2) kg to the centre of the footboard of the e-scooter.
• For the initial driving of an e-scooter, one roller needs a drive mechanism and a controller,
including a clutch that is disconnected from the motor after driving, connected to a motor of
300 W or more.
• The roller test rig can be equipped with a sub-motor and controller to operate the accelerator
on the steering column to start the e-scooter and continue its operation.
• A power analyser in accordance with IEC 62301 shall be used to measure battery power
consumption and run time in real time.
• A data monitoring system shall be connected to the power analyser to store data on run
time.
Figure 1 – Example of total run time test equipment

Figure 2 – Detail roller specification
• If necessary, the test bench can be calibrated in the manner specified in ISO 28981 to
eliminate losses (rolling resistance, coefficient of inertia, etc.) caused by friction on the
bench.
6.2.2 Temperature test chamber
The specifications of the temperature chamber in which to test the e-scooter in the necessary
temperature conditions are as follows:
• The temperature test chamber shall meet the requirements of IEC 60068-2-1 and
IEC 60068-2-2.
• The size of the temperature test chamber shall be large enough for the total run time
measurement equipment.
• A wiring connector shall be used to connect the battery test probe of the e-scooter to an
external voltmeter.
• The chamber shall be made of non-flammable and corrosion-resistant material and it shall
be isolated.
• The chamber shall be equipped with an air intake and exhaust system that is connected to
the fire detection sensor, so that smoke can be discharged in case of fire.
• The chamber shall be equipped with a data monitoring system that can measure the internal
temperature of the chamber in real time with an accuracy of ±2 °C.
• The chamber shall be equipped such that under standard atmospheric conditions for
measurements and test (see IEC 60068-1) with an air velocity less than 0,2 m/s, the
specimen shall be electrically loaded as specified for the low and high temperatures at which
the test is to be carried out.

– 10 – IEC 63281-3-1:2024 © IEC 2024
• The chamber shall be equipped such that three categories of temperature, namely high,
normal and low temperatures, may be set and maintained based on the e-scooter user
temperature as shown as an example in Table 1. Temperature test conditions may be
changed depending on each country's environment and the request by the manufacturer,
and unless there is any special requirement, Table 1 shall be followed.
• If there is a change in temperature test conditions, the relevant information shall be recorded
in the test report.
Table 1 – Example of temperature test conditions
Condition High Normal Low
Temperature (40 ± 2) °C (23 ± 2) °C (−20 ± 2) °C

6.3 Test procedure
Prepare and perform the test according to the following procedure, referring to Figure 3.
Assemble all operating devices and components according to the user manual provided by the
e-scooter manufacturer. Check whether each function of the e-scooter operates normally
without any problems.
After verifying that the test specimen is functioning without any problems, turn off the power of
the product and start charging it according to the user manual provided by the manufacturer.
The specimen shall be charged at (23 ± 5) °C. The charger provided by the manufacturer shall
be used, and no other charger shall be used. As the voltage value of a fully charged battery
differs by product, the voltage value for full charge cannot be predetermined. The specimen
shall be deemed fully charged when the voltage value measured using the data monitoring
system becomes stable without variation.
Determine which temperature testing conditions shall be applied based on the temperature
presented by the manufacturer as the temperature for actual use of the e-scooter. If the
temperature presented by the manufacturer complies with the three categories given as an
example in Table 1, conduct all three tests. If necessary, the test may be performed in
conditions determined by the manufacturer. The chamber shall be operated according to the
conditions set out within ± 2 °C, to prepare for the test.
Fix the e-scooter to the run time measurement equipment using ropes and bolts so that the
e-scooter is not displaced during the test.
Install the load box on to the e-scooter and place the determined load by adding load weights.
The applied load should be (75 ± 2) kg, and the applied load may vary depending on the
manufacturer's request. If there is a change in load mass, the relevant information shall be
recorded in the test report.
Place the run time measurement equipment with the e-scooter fixed to the equipment into the
chamber. Then operate the chamber until the target temperature is reached to check whether
the desired temperature has been reached, and check the voltage value of the fully charged
battery using the data monitoring system. After checking whether the temperature is maintained
for the test, determine the initial voltage value and record the voltage value and time.
Use the speed control device to set the speed at the maximum speed specified by the
manufacturer, and operate the e-scooter, while monitoring the time (T ). Maintain the speed
s
and operate the e-scooter until the battery is discharged (e-scooter is at complete stop). Record
the voltage values during the test using the data monitoring system.

When the battery is discharged, the test is completed, and the time of the battery discharge is
recorded (T ). The time of starting and completing the test shall be recorded using the data
e
monitoring system. Calculate the total run time using the following equation (R).

RT= –T
(1)
es
where
R is the total run time at which the specimen is operated temperature test condition, in
seconds (s)
T is the time at which the specimen is completely discharged, in seconds (s);
e
T is the time at which the specimen is fully charged and the t
...