IEC TR 63449:2023

IEC TR 63449
®

Edition 1.0 2023-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT

colour
inside


Dynamic metadata high dynamic range impacts on TV power consumption
IEC TR 63449:2023-05(en)

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IEC TR 63449

®


Edition 1.0 2023-05




TECHNICAL



REPORT








colour

inside










Dynamic metadata high dynamic range impacts on TV power consumption




























INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL


COMMISSION





ICS 33.160.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-6849-0



  Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.


® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

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– 2 – IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 11
4 Dynamic metadata high dynamic range video . 12
4.1 Introduction to dynamic metadata HDR video . 12
4.1.1 Overview . 12
®
4.1.2 Dolby Vision . 13
4.1.3 HDR10+ . 13
4.2 Market relevance of dynamic metadata HDR video . 14
®
4.2.1 Dolby Vision market snapshot . 14
4.2.2 HDR10+ market snapshot . 15
4.3 Consumer availability of dynamic metadata HDR video technologies in TVs . 15
5 Dynamic metadata HDR TV power consumption research. 16
5.1 Overview. 16
5.2 Dynamic metadata test media . 16
5.3 Dynamic metadata laboratory tests . 21
5.3.1 General . 21
5.3.2 General research method . 21
5.3.3 Phase I testing: assessing the overall impact of dynamic metadata . 22
5.3.4 Phase II testing: next level of detail . 23
5.3.5 Phase III: in-depth testing with one TV . 30
6 Summary . 32
Annex A (informative) Test material workflows . 34
Bibliography . 36

Figure 1 – Occurrence of linear and non-linear signal encodings in context of a typical
display processing pipeline and how they can be used to compute APL and APL' . 8
Figure 2 – Power use with dynamic metadata . 25
Figure 3 – Screen-average dynamic luminance with dynamic metadata vs static
metadata . 26
Figure 4 – Relative efficiency of TVs when playing different content formats . 27
Figure 5 – Normalized comparison of LED TVs playing Table 1 UHD Dolby Vision® and
HDR10+ 5 min test clips . 29
Figure 6 – Phase III test results by content category . 32

Table 1 – Static and dynamic metadata test media . 17
Table 2 – HDR10+ test media metadata . 18
®
Table 3 – Dolby Vision test media metadata . 19
Table 4 – Results of phase I testing . 22
Table 5 – Summary of phase I testing . 23
Table 6 – Characteristics of TV models used for the test media validation . 23

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IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
Table 7 – 4K real-world content used for tests . 24
Table 8 – Phase II: real world content (streamed movies/series) . 24
Table 9 – Phase III: HDR10+ and SDR using non-test clips . 30
Table 10 – Phase III: test clips only . 30
Table 11 – Phase III test results. 31
Table A.1 – Workflow details . 35

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– 4 – IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

DYNAMIC METADATA HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE
IMPACTS ON TV POWER CONSUMPTION

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC TR 63449 has been prepared by Technical Area 19: Environmental and energy aspects for
multimedia systems and equipment, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and
multimedia systems and equipment. It is a Technical Report.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
100/3862/DTR 100/3886/RVDTR

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.

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IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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– 6 – IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023
INTRODUCTION
HDR technologies affect the entire video ecosystem from production and processing, through
to distribution and presentation. HDR-capable television sets typically have higher peak
luminance and better low-luminance capabilities than non-HDR TVs and can take advantage of
HDR video signals which typically represent scenes with much higher luminance and more
detailed low-luminance levels than was possible in traditional analogue and digital non-HDR
video systems.
As the luminance range of an HDR signal might not match the luminance range capabilities of
the display device, the signal must be adjusted before being displayed. This luminance
adjustment is called tone-mapping and is implemented as a processing step in the TV. The tone
mapping process can be improved with metadata, which describes the properties of the content
to be displayed.
Dynamic metadata based HDR tone-mapping approaches and behaviours are seeing an ever-
increasing application in consumer televisions; however, representative standardized test
content for measurement of the power consumption impact of those technologies on televisions
is not available. To prepare objective test materials (video clips), a study of power and
luminance behaviour was conducted, the results of which are described in Clauses 5 and 6.
This document assesses the impact of dynamic HDR on TV luminance and power consumption
using two technologies currently in deployment.
A small sample of TVs that supported the two technologies were studied using "representative"
content prepared by PT100-24 members. Test results show that dynamic metadata HDR
content, delivered to a dynamic metadata capable TV, can provide pictures with even greater
dynamic range (higher peak luminance and more detailed luminance levels with wider colour
gamut) than static HDR at the same or lower TV power consumption versus static HDR or SDR
content delivered to that same TV.

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IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
DYNAMIC METADATA HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE
IMPACTS ON TV POWER CONSUMPTION



1 Scope
This document presents a study of the impact of high dynamic range (HDR) technologies with
"dynamic metadata" on TV luminance and power consumption. It compares the power
consumption of content with dynamic metadata to the same content without dynamic metadata.
Non-dynamic "static metadata" HDR technologies such as HDR10 and non-metadata HDR such
as HLG, were previously studied in IEC TR 63274:2021.
This document also reviews the current HDR TV market and analyses existing HDR TV power
measurement methods and considerations for any changes to those power measurement
standards.
®
While this document studies the results of content that include Dolby Vision and HDR10+
dynamic metadata, any comparison of these two technologies is outside of the scope of this
document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
average picture level
APL
average level of all the pixels of a single video signal frame in the linear luminance domain
EXAMPLE Display equipment such as television sets or computer monitors that internally use linear encoding after
undoing the non-linearity of the input signal.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.10]

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– 8 – IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.2
average picture level based on non-linear input signal
APL′
average level of all pixels of a single video signal frame in the non-linear luminance domain
EXAMPLE Display equipment such as television sets or computer monitor receive input signals that encode
luminance in a non-linear way. Examples for such non-linear encoding are PQ or HLG EOTFs (ITU-R BT.2100).
Note 1 to entry: APL′ is defined as a percentage of the range between reference black and reference white level.
Note 2 to entry: This is not a measure of the linear signal that might be available inside of some display equipment
and delivered to the display device. The external and internal video signals are shown in Figure 1.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.11]

Figure 1 – Occurrence of linear and non-linear signal encodings in context of a typical
display processing pipeline and how they can be used to compute APL and APL'
3.1.3
colour gamut
maximum area of chromaticity reproducible by a display
[SOURCE: IEC 62977-2-1:2021, 3.1.5, modified – "area" deleted from term]
3.1.4
colour volume
three-dimensional space of all colours and intensities that a device or signal can reproduce or
convey
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 23091-4:2021, 3.6, modified – "three-dimensional" added to definition]
3.1.5
content light level
CLL
integer static HDR metadata value defining the luminance of any single pixel within an encoded
HDR video sequence
2
Note 1 to entry: The CLL is provided in candelas per square metre (cd/m ).
3.1.6
maximum content light level
MaxCLL
integer static HDR metadata value defining the maximum luminance of any single pixel within
an encoded HDR video sequence
2
Note 1 to entry: The MaxCLL is provided in candelas per square metre (cd/m ).
Note 2 to entry: CTA-861 provides further explanation.

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IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.1.7
dynamic metadata
metadata that can be different for different portions of the image essence
[SOURCE: SMPTE ST 2094-1:2016, 4.6]
3.1.8
electro-optical transfer function
EOTF
mathematical function for transferring an electrical signal into a desired optical signal
EXAMPLE EOTFs are typically non-linear and monotonic and aim to incorporate behaviour of the human visual
system, e.g. on a display device. Some are absolute, addressing luminance values directly, while others are of
relative nature.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.1]
3.1.9
frame average light level
FALL
integer static HDR metadata value defining the average luminance for all pixels of any single
frame within an encoded HDR video sequence
2
Note 1 to entry: The FALL is provided in candelas per square metre (cd/m ).
3.1.10
maximum frame average light level
MaxFALL
integer static HDR metadata value defining the maximum average luminance for all pixels of
any single frame within an encoded HDR video sequence
2
Note 1 to entry: The MaxFALL is provided in candelas per square metre (cd/m ).
Note 2 to entry: CTA-861 provides further explanation.
3.1.11
high definition
HD
spatial video resolution ranging from 1 280 × 720 to 1 920 × 1 080
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.6]
3.1.12
high dynamic range video
HDR video
capability of components in a video pipeline to capture, process, transport or display luminance
levels and tone gradations that exceed capabilities of conventional SDR imaging pipelines
components
Note 1 to entry: An HDR video signal typically uses a greater bit depth, luminance and colour volume than standard
dynamic range (SDR) video. It also typically utilizes different tone curves such as perceptual quantizer (PQ) as
specified in SMPTE ST 2084 or hybrid log gamma (HLG) specified in ITU-R BT.2100 instead of gamma, as used with
SDR. When the HDR video signal is rendered on an HDR display, it is possible to see greater luminance ranges and
wider colour gamuts.
Note 2 to entry: HDR video can provide an enhanced viewer experience and can more accurately reproduce scenes
that include, within the same image, dark areas and bright highlights, such as emissive light sources and reflections.
2 2
The luminance range of an HDR image is typically constrained between 0,005 cd/m to 4 000 cd/m .
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.2, modified – The last sentence of Note 2 to entry has been
added.]

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– 10 – IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.13
hybrid log-gamma
HLG
one set of HDR transfer functions offering a degree of backwards compatibility to SDR by more
closely matching the previously established television transfer curves
Note 1 to entry: Sets of transfer functions related to HDR signals are specified in Rec. ITU-R BT.2100-1.
Note 2 to entry: HLG is used both as a description of a dedicated transfer function and as a video format name.
[SOURCE: IEC 62087-2:2023, 3.1.9, modified – Added 'to SDR'.]
3.1.14
image-related metadata
identifiers describing intrinsic image properties in form of both static metadata valid throughout
the content and dynamic metadata for frame-specific image parameters
EXAMPLE 1 Minimum and maximum luminance, average picture level, properties of the grading display.
EXAMPLE 2 HDR image related static metadata are MaxCLL and MaxFall as specified in CTA-861-G, section 6.9.1
and Appendix P, sections P.1 and P.2 for algorithms to calculate each.
EXAMPLE 3 Dynamic metadata is utilized by Dolby Vision® (SMPTE ST 2094-10) and HDR10+
(SMPTE ST 2094-40).
Note 1 to entry: They can be used as recommendations and guidance for image rendering and display.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.9]
3.1.15
perceptual quantizer
PQ
one set of HDR transfer functions addressing a very wide range of absolute luminance levels
for a given bit depth using a non-linear transfer function that is finely tuned to match the
sensitivity of the human visual system
Note 1 to entry: Sets of transfer functions related to HDR signals are specified in Rec. ITU-R BT.2100-1.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 23008-15:2018, 3.8, modified – In the definition, "brightness" has been
replaced with "luminance".]
3.1.16
signal identification metadata
identifiers describing the properties of an image stream
EXAMPLE Format, resolution, colour space, chroma subsampling, bit-depth, image compression, image transport.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.8]
3.1.17
standard dynamic range video
SDR video
capability of components in a video pipeline to capture, process, transport or display luminance
levels and tone gradations that can be characterized by the dynamic range, colour rendering
and tone gradation capabilities essentially compatible with cathode ray tube (CRT) displays
EXAMPLE ITU-R BT.709 /BT.1886 and IEC 61966-2-1 (sRGB).
2 2
Note 1 to entry: The luminance range of an SDR image is typically constrained between 0,1 cd/m to 100 cd/m .
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.3]

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IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
3.1.18
television set
TV
equipment for the reception and display of television broadcast and similar services for
terrestrial, cable, satellite and broadband network transmission of analogue and/or digital
signals
Note 1 to entry: A television set can include additional functions that are not required for its primary function.
[SOURCE: IEC 62087-3:2023, 3.1.1]
3.1.19
ultra high definition
UHD
Ultra HD
spatial video resolution above 1 920 × 1 080
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.7]
3.1.20
wide colour gamut
WCG
colour space that covers a larger percentage of visible colours compared to the sRGB/Rec.
ITU-R BT.709 colour space
EXAMPLE ITU-R BT.2020 is considered to provide WCG while BT.709 does not.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 63274:2021, 3.1.4]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
ARC audio return channel
ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee
1
BDP Blu-ray™ disc player
CIE International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de
l'Éclairage)
CLASP non-profit organisation supporting the development and implementation of
policies and programs to improve the energy and environmental performance
of appliances and equipment we use every day (formally known as
2
Collaborative Labelling and Standards Program)
CRT cathode ray tube
CTA Consumer Technology Association (formerly Consumer Electronics
Association)
®3
DV Dolby Vision
FPS frames per second
___________
1
 Blu-ray™, Blu-ray Disc™ and Ultra HD Blu-ray™ are trademarks of the Blu-ray Disc Association. This information
is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of the
product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
2
 CLASP, https://www.clasp.ngo/
3 ® ®
 Dolby and Dolby Vision are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories, Inc. This information is given for the convenience
of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of the product named. Equivalent
products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

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– 12 – IEC TR 63449:2023 © IEC 2023
® 4
HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface
5
HDR10 HDR10 media profile
6
HDR10+ HDR10+ media profile
HEVC high-efficiency video coding
Hz hertz
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector
NABA North American Broadcasters Association
NEEA Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance
OTT over-the-top
7
PCL Pacific Crest Labs
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
sRGB standard Red Green Blue colour space specified in IEC 61966-2-1:1999
TV television set
4 Dynamic metadata high dynamic range video
4.1 Introduction to dynamic metadata HDR video
4.1.1 Overview
Older video creation, broadcast and television receiver technologies, collectively called
"Standard Dynamic Range" (SDR) for the purposes of this technical report, do not provide
8
images that accurately represent the light distribution and detail of real-world scenes .
Significant technological progress in video content creation, distribution and displays now
permit consumers to receive and display almost life-like programming by adding several key
aspects missing from older SDR technologies. Specifically:
– higher pixel counts (up from 1 920 × 1 080 image pixels Full HD to UHD with 3 840 × 2 160
or more image pixels);
– higher image frame rates (up from a maximum of 60 Hz to 120 Hz or more);
2
– greater dynamic range (image peak brightness up to 10 000 cd/m );
– wider colour gamut embracing more of the CIE 1931 (x, y) chromaticity space vs the
common limit to ITU-R BT.709 colour primaries with SDR images.
Roughly a decade ago, HDR technologies entered the market. Since then, many consumers
have been enjoying video content offering much of the key aspects described above in a form
this report refers to as "static metadata HDR". Static metadata in this report's context means
that for a given "static metadata" HDR video programme, the content author provides ancillary
data along with the programme. This data describes several characteristics of the video which
___________
4 ® ®
 HDMI and HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface are trademarks of HDMI Licensing Administrator, Inc.
This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement
by IEC of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
5
 HDR10 is an open standard HDR media profile announced in August 2015 by the Consumer Technology
Association. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an
endorsement by IEC of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the
same results.
6
 HDR10+ is a trademark
...